Abstract: In order to provide theory reference for the science research and application of maize straw returning in larger scale, the authors summarized the maize straw returning technique evolution, its influence on soil physical and chemical properties, microorganisms and the yield. On this basis, the authors put forward the problems for further study on maize straw returning, suggested that maize straw returning technique should be developed from direct application to smash application, and indicated that the maize straw formed humus after the effect of microbes in soil, which could increase soil organic matter and was benefit to the formation of soil aggregate structure, therefore, maize straw returning could provide material basis and growing environment for microbes in the soil, and increase the yield of maize.