Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.33 Published:26 November 2015

  Comparison of One-time Application Effect of Three Kinds of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on Rice 2015, 31 (33):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070085 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 592KB )   ( 661 ) In order to study the one-time application effect of three kinds of slow/controlled release fertilizers on rice, the chlorophyll (SPAD value), biomass, nitrogen uptake, soil effective nitrogen, yield and agronomic N use efficiency were determined through pot experiments with three kinds of slow/controlled release fertilizers A, B and C. The results showed that the fertilizers all exhibited high fertility, compared with CK, the content of effective nitrogen in soil after treatment increased 39.79%, 46.31% and 43.05%, the rice yield increased 34.72%, 53.09% and 41.38%, the agronomic N use efficiency of these three fertilizers was 15.0, 22.9 and 17.8 kg/kg, respectively. The fertilizer could significantly increase leaf chlorophyll content, promote nitrogen absorption and rice growth and improve the rice biomass and yield. One-time application of slow/controlled release fertilizer satisfied the growth of rice in all growth periods, and the order of the general effect of these three kinds of slow/controlled release fertilizers was B＞C＞A.

  The Optimal Amount of Fertilizer and Additional Manuring Time of Rice in the Northeast Black Earth Area Based on SPAD 林娜,,李韶山,刘金华,赵立刚,王亚卿,向井 and 杨靖民 2015, 31 (33):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030246 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 635KB )   ( 621 ) The aims were to confirm the best amount of nitrogen application and the best additional manuring time of rice in black earth area of the Northeast. The field test was conducted with“day”as the unit, and the SPAD-502 was used to detect the dynamic change of the SPAD values of rice leaves under different treatments (N1-N6; PAD40, SPAD38, SPAD36, SPAD34 and SPAD32) for 45 consecutive days. The results showed that SPAD values increased significantly during the 7 days after the application of nitrogen additionally. As the amount of nitrogen application increased, the SPAD values of rice leaves increased significantly and the peak value was relatively high, meanwhile it reached the peak earlier. When the amount of nitrogen application was 170 kg N/hm2, the crop output was 7078 kg/hm2, and with the additional manuring carried out at SPAD value of 40, the crop output was up to 9078 kg/hm2, which was the highest. Therefore, the best amount of nitrogen application for rice in black earth area of the Northeast was 170 kg N/hm2, SPAD value of 40 could be used to determine the best time of additional manuring from tillering stage to booting stage.

  Salt Tolerance Identification for Different Wheat Varieties in Germinating Stage 2015, 31 (33):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050067 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 660 ) In order to identify the salt tolerance of different wheat varieties in germinating stage, six wheat varieties were used as materials, and the salt stress treatments were conducted with different concentrations of NaCl (0%(CK), 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%). The germination rate, bud length, root length and shoot fresh weight were determinated. The results showed that, under the salt stress, the germination rate, bud length, root length and shoot fresh weigh reduced with the increase of salt concentration. Under high salt stress (1.5% NaCl), ‘Ningchun 4’and‘Drasdal’were sensitive to salt in the germinating stage;‘Hongmang’wheat and ‘Maohuo’wheat had a certain salt tolerance in the germinating stage;‘Ningchun 27’and‘Shanrong 3’had strong salt tolerance. So,‘Ningchun 27’and‘Shanrong 3’had stronger salt tolerance under high salt stress.

  Effect of Water Supply and Phosphorus Application in Different Depths on Phosphorus Efficiency and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat 2015, 31 (33):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070146 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 668KB )   ( 429 ) In order to provide theoretical and practical references for phosphorus application in dryland, the authors studied the effect of water supply and phosphorus application in different depths on phosphorus efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat. Two water treatments [entirety moist (W1) and moist in subsoil (W2)], three P treatments [no P (CK), surface P (SP) and deep P (DP)] and two wheat cultivars [droughtsensitive‘(Xiaoyan22’) and drought-tolerant‘( Changhan58’)] were designed. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application depth on root phosphorus efficiency ratio, phosphorus utilization ratio, PFPP and yield of winter wheat was different between different cultivars. Under the two water treatments, phosphorus utilization ratio and PFPP of DP treatment were significant lower than that of SP treatment of‘Xiaoyan22’, while the difference of root phosphorus efficiency ratio and yield was not significant; under W1 treatment, the indexes except root phosphorus efficiency ratio of DP treatment were significantly lower than that of SP treatment, while all the indexes of W2 treatment increased. The study suggested that deep application of phosphorus fertilizer could increase the phosphorus absorption and utilization capacity of drought-tolerant winter wheat variety, then increase phosphorus utilization ratio and yield.

  Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Dry Matter and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation 张娜,徐文修,程雪峰 and 吴培杰 2015, 31 (33):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060139 Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 425 ) In order to investigate the suitable nitrogen quantity of high-yield cultivation of winter wheat under drip irrigation in north Xinjiang. The field experiment with four different treatments of 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 104 kg/hm2 (N1), 173 kg/hm2 (N2) and 242 kg/hm2 (N3) was designed to study the effects of four different amounts of nitrogen on winter-wheat dry matter accumulation, distribution, transportation and yield. The results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) of different treatments presented a trend of N3＞N2＞N1＞N0 before filling stage and then N2＞N3＞N1＞N0 after that. In each treatment, dry weight change of single plant acted as rapid growth, slow growth and slight decrease, the day of the maximum dry matter accumulation rate occurred (t0) in N2 was 1.42 d and 2.75 d ahead of that in N1 and N3; the maximum increase rate of dry matter (Vm) of N2 was 21.74% and 12.00% higher than those of N1 and N3; besides, the amount of dry matter transported to seeds in N2 was higher than that in N1 andN3 significantly (P＜0.05). N2 also had the highest yield (8455.69 kg/hm2), and increased by 32.82%, 12.64% and 5.16% in comparing with that of N0, N1 and N3, respectively. With the increasing of the nitrogen amount, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPP) decreased, and both of them were the highest in N1, which increased by 16.64%, 110.08% (NAE) and 37.58%, 128.02% (NPP) in comparing with that of N2 and N3. Based on comprehensive analysis, it proposed that the winter wheat drip irrigation quota in north Xinjiang should be 3750 m3/hm2, and the optimum amount of nitrogen should be at 104-173 kg/hm2.

  Simulation of Irrigation, Fertilization and CO2 Concentration on Winter Wheat Yield Under the Background of Global Climate Change 路婧琦,崔耀平,张帅帅,闵敏 and 冯天伟 2015, 31 (33):  27-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070030 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 1091KB )   ( 436 ) Studying the mechanism of optimal irrigation, fertilization management and atmospheric CO2 concentration of winter wheat is important to food security and agricultural sustainability. This paper simulated the impact of meteorological condition on the anthesis and maturity period of winter wheat during 2001 to 2010 based on the CERES-Wheat model in DSSATv4.5. The impact of irrigation and fertilization on winter wheat yield was studied by 42 kinds of compound modes and the optimal compound mode of irrigation and fertilization management was chosen. The winter wheat yield in different CO2-concentration conditions was simulated under the optimal irrigation and fertilization management. The results showed that the anthesis and maturity period of winter wheat advanced as the precipitation and mean temperature in growing season increased. The winter wheat yield increased and then stayed stable with the increase of irrigation and fertilizer amount, but excessive irrigation and fertilization would decrease the yield. The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration had an obviously yield-increasing effect on winter wheat, and other production indexes showed a steady increase trend. The years whose mean temperature was less than 11.0℃ had later anthesis and maturity period; the compound mode of 300 kg/hm2 fertilization amount and 200 mm irrigation amount could achieve the ideal effect of winter wheat yield; the increase atmospheric CO2 concentration in the future 40 years could bring significantly yield-increasing effect on winter wheat.

  Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Basic Seedlings on Growth and Yield Formation of Wheat 2015, 31 (33):  37-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070102 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 607KB )   ( 508 ) In order to evaluate the suitable combination of sowing date and basic seedlings under the condition of rice and wheat annual rotation, this experiment was performed from 2012 to 2014 at Shuyang County, a northern area of Jiangsu Province. The growth period and yield formation of wheat were investigated under six different sowing dates (October 10th, 17th, 24th, 31st, and November 7th, 14th) and different basic seedlings (1.8,2.7, 3.6, 4.5 and 5.4 million /hm2). We found that the seedling emergence rates were affected by the sowing date, and it was low under a postponed sowing date. With the delay of the sowing date, the number of wheat leaves decreased and the total growth period of wheat was shortened, but the shortened days were less than the delayed days. Basic seedlings had little influence on the emergence rate and leaves age. At the same stage, the total tillers of wheat sown on the same sowing date increased with the basic seedlings increase, while those of wheat having the same basic seedlings decreased as the sowing date delayed. The plant height, length of internode below the ear and ear-length were significantly affected by the sowing date. With the sowing date being postponed, the yield increased firstly and decreased afterwards, and it was significantly affected by different sowing dates and basic seedlings. All in all, the suitable sowing dates of Huaibei wheat sown in the rice field were during October 17th-24th in cold winter while during 17th -31st in warm winter. The suitable basic seedlings of Huaibei wheat was 3.6 million per hectare.

  Effects of Different Planting Densities on Leaf Growth and Yield of Corn in Northern Anhui 2015, 31 (33):  48-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070140 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 804KB )   ( 452 ) In order to investigate the suitable planting density of different maize plant types in Northern Anhui, erectophile type varieties‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Zhongdan 909’and medium-type varieties‘Longping 206’ and‘Nongda 108’were used to analyze the effects of different planting densities on leaf growth and grain yield. The results showed that the growth speed of expanded leaf was characterized by a trend of fast-slowfast-slow. Planting density had slight influence on the speed of leaf emergence among different leaf-groups, but significantly affected leaf phyllotaxis, width and length of the longest and widest leaf. The corn leaf area was not susceptible in the early growth stage for all the types, but decreased with the planting density increase in the middle and later growth stage, and its difference was little in high planting density. ANOVA showed that the grain yield was significantly different among different varieties and planting densities and interactions between varieties and planting densities. The accepted and best planting density of the four corn varieties, ‘Zhengdan 958’,‘Zhongdan 909’,‘Longping 206’and‘Nongda 108’, were 60000-75000 plants/hm2 and 67500 plants/hm2, 60000- 75000 plants/hm2 and 75000 plants/hm2, 60000- 75000 plants/hm2 and 60000 plants/hm2, 45000-60000 plants/hm2 and 52500 plants /hm2 in Northern Anhui.

  Analysis and Monitoring of Germinability of Maize Germplasm Resources in the Genebank 2015, 31 (33):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070018 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 467KB )   ( 501 ) The objective was to provide a scientific basis for the germinability monitoring, method establishment and safe storage time identification of maize germplasm and other crops germplasm stored in the genebank. The germination energy and germination rate of 1729 seed accessions, belonged to 8 species of different storage numbers of maize germplasm resources, were monitored after being stored in the genebank for 27-32 years. The results showed that 27-32 years after the storage, the average germination energy of the seeds was 82.66%, the average germination rate was 88.09%, and the germination rate of 86.58% accessions was above 75%, but the germination rate of 73 accessions was below 50%. The germination rate of seeds stored for 31-32 years decreased significantly, but the decrease of the average germination rate of seeds stored for 27-30 years was not remarkable. The germination rates of seeds from different origins with long-term storage for 31 years decreased differently, the native germplasm in Guangxi had higher germination rate, compared with germplasm from other original producing areas and abroad. The maize germplasm stored in different years or stored in the same year with different origins had different decreasing trends under long-term low temperature.The maize germplasm resources in long-term genebank could be safely conserved for more than 30 years.

  Effect of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Mechanized Harvest Grain of Summer Maize Variety‘Zhengdan1002’ 2015, 31 (33):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070073 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 612KB )   ( 839 ) The aim was to clarify the suitable planting density, the relationship among planting density, lodging resistance and mechanized harvest indicators of the state approved maize variety‘Zhengdan1002’in Huang-Huai Area. Different density treatments were designed to study the yield, the ability of lodging resistance and the mechanized harvest indicators. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained under the treatment of 75000 strains/hm2, and the yield reached 11211.52 kg/hm2. As the density was increasing, the incidence of lodging increased, and inter-node length showed a gradually increasing trend. The 3rd internode, 4th internode and rachisinternode length obviously increased, and those of high density (97500 strains/hm2) were higher than that of lower density (60000 strains/hm2), increased by 27.67%, 18.29% and 4.36%, respectively, and the difference was significant. The ability of lodging resistance of the 3rd internode at the base and rachisinternode showed a downward trend with the increase of the density. The ability of lodging resistance and crushing strength of the 3rd internode at the base showed a more decreasing trend than those of rachisinternode. Compared with that of lower density (60000 strains/hm2), the ability of lodging resistance of high density (97500 strains/hm2) decreased by 52.50% and 32.34% , and crushing strength decreased by 56.26% and 17.73%. The loss spike rate, grain loss rate and grain crushing rate showed an upward trend with the increase of density. From analyzing the production, lodging rates and mechanized harvest index, the suitable density of ‘Zhengdan1002’in Huang-Huai Area should be 67500-75000 strains/hm2.

  Study on Physiological, Ecological and Economic Benefit of Different Row Number Ratio Configurations of Maize-potato Intercropping System in Arid Land 2015, 31 (33):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080097 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 913KB )   ( 416 ) In order to achieve the maximum yield and production value of maize-potato intercropping model, different row number ratio configurations were used to screen out the configuration for the maximum yield increase. The results showed that the optimal row number ratio (maize: potato) was 1:7, which could achieve the group production capacity of potato and increase the yield of maize by the upper heat resource of potato. This configuration could develop the yield ability of maize at the greatest degree, the photosynthetic available radiation, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, and biological determination values and yield trait were higher than that of other configurations.

  Effect of Nano-carbon Synergists on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Maize Under Different Nitrogen Levels 2015, 31 (33):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070121 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 524 ) This experiment used‘Jiudan 48’corn as the material to find the effect of Nano-carbon synergist on yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of maize under different nitrogen levels, which aimed to explore the effect of Nano-carbon efficiency fertilizers on maize production. The results showed that Nanocarbon affected the corn vegetative stage significantly, 41 days after shooting, the dry weight was significantly different between Nano-carbon treatment and non Nano-carbon treatment under the same nitrogen levels. Under the same nitrogen level, fertilizer and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Nano- carbon treatment was higher than that of non Nano-carbon treatment, differences of nitrogen harvest index of N150 C, N190 and N190 C were not significant. Yield difference between N190 and N150 C was not significant, and N150 C treatment did well in terms of saving fertilizer and increasing production. In this study, adding Nano-carbon was conducive to cost saving and improved NUE. Therefore, in agricultural production, adding appropriate concentration of Nano-carbon to fertilizer can save costs and improve NUE.

  Effects of Different Film Mulching on Growth and Yield of Maize 2015, 31 (33):  79-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070031 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 478KB )   ( 483 ) To further study the effect of different environmental protection films, cultivation experiment of maize with common plastic film, degradable mulch film and liquid film covering were done under fieldconditions with open field cultivation as control. The effect of different films on maize growth and development, yield and component factors were determined. Results showed that the degradable mulching film significantly improved the seedling emergence rate of maize, which was 5.0% higher than that of open field control (0.05 difference); increased dry matter accumulation, the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, promoted the ear growth, shortened bald tip, increased kernel number per ear, 1000 grain weight, and the yield was 40% higher than that of control (0.05 difference); the effect of the degradable mulch film was similar to that of the common plastic film. However, the liquid film had little effects on maize seedling, dry matter accumulation, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area, although to a certain extent increased maize yield, which was only 0.5% higher than that of open field control, and the difference did not reach significant level.

  Study on Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Main Soybean Cultivars in Sanjiang Plain 2015, 31 (33):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070127 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 535KB )   ( 611 ) In order to study the improvement and change law of main agronomic traits and yield of the main soybean cultivars for more than 60 years in SanJiang plain, and to guide current and future variety improvement and innovation, we conducted a field plot experiment with eighteen main cultivars of different years with the same maturity in SanJiang plain as test materials. The results showed that the main agronomic traits had changed along with the advance of the years. The plant height and effective branches number showed a reducing trend. The bottom pod height had hardly changed and showed an increased overall trend. The main stem node number showed an increased trend. The lodging resistance ability showed an enhanced trend. The number of growth days increased year by year. The pod number per plant, seeds number per pod, seeds number per plant and seed weight per plant showed an increasing trend. The 100-seeds weight increased in a fluctuant trend. The yield showed an increased trend year by year. The rangeability of the yield was from 2509.20 kg/hm2 to 3311.25 kg/hm2. The annual mean yield increase was 13.35 kg/hm2, and the growth rate was 0.53%. The improvement and change of the main agronomic traits, especially the extension of the mature period and the improvement of the yield, led to the continuous replacement and change of the main soybean cultivars. The results could provide important guidance and reference for current and future variety improvement and innovation.

  Research on Cotton Fiber Development Process in Liaohe Basin 2015, 31 (33):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060078 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 631KB )   ( 307 ) To identify cotton fiber quality development process and indexes interactions in Liaohe Basin, we took the main planted cotton cultivar‘Liaomian 19’and earlier introduced insect resistant cotton cultivar ‘AC-33B’as test materials, labeled flowers in blooming day, conducted continuous sampling on the 9th, 15th, 21st, 27th, 33rd, 39th, 45th, 51st (6 days interval) day after blooming. The main fiber quality indexes were detected, such as fiber length, strength, micronair, elongation and uniformity. The developing condition and correlation coefficient of each index were compared, and then simulation models were formed. Except that micronaire values were more sensitive to environmental factors, the development process of the rest indexes presented a “S”curve, and two cultivars had similar trends. But the interaction methods between each index of the 2 cultivars were different. At the same time, the development of every index was highly consistent and relevant; the fiber elongation development was the dominant. Cotton fiber should stay in plant more then 40 days, but over-maturing was not conducive to obtaining high quality cotton fiber.

  Study on Cotton Hybrid Seed Production by Inducing Long Stigma and Its Supportive Technology Zhang Xianggui,Ni Wanchao,Shen Xinlian,Xu Peng,Guo Qi,,Xu Zhenzhen and Lin Jiabin 2015, 31 (33):  95-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080011 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 402 ) In order to reduce labor consumption, improve cotton hybrid seed production efficiency and cut production cost, GA3 solution was applied to inducing cotton long stigma, and cross pollination was made without emasculation. The small strong magnetic high speed motor was used as power, the small-sized pollen collector and primitive pollinator matching the pollen collector were developed. Through years of research, a new method of hybrid seed production was developed, 100 mg/kg of GA3 solution was used to dab young buds of 8-18 days. The dosage was 150-200 μL per flower. At the flowering day, pollens of male parent were pollinated to elongated stigma of female parents without emasculation. Its supporting devices were developed such as pollen collector and low temperature storage type of pollinator. The main characteristics of these devices were easy operation, rapidness and high efficiency. The purity of hybrid seed was over 95% and met the national requirements of seed quality. This study combined the stable inducing technology, pollen collector and pollinator, and applied them in the hybrid seed production, which could save labor consumption and improve more than 30% of hybrid seed production efficiency.

  Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Methods on Growth and Yield of Cotton 2015, 31 (33):  102-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060093 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 436 ) The paper aims to explore the best arranging model for drip irrigation belt under mechanical harvest of cotton in Xinjiang. The authors took Xinluzao No. 61variety as the experiment material, a field experiment under mechanical harvest model (plantation spacing 10 cm 66 cm 10 cm) was designed using different drip irrigation methods (6 cotton rows with 2 dripping pipes and 6 cotton rows with 3 dripping pipes under a plastic film mulching plantation pattern), plant growth and yield were observed. The results showed that, under 6 cotton rows with 2 dripping pipes, the growth of side-line cotton was slow, and the seedling rate and the growth rate of the side-line cotton were significantly lower than that of in-line cotton. Under 6 cotton rows with 3 dripping pipes, the growth of side-line cotton and in-line cotton was uniform, the growth difference was small. The yield and benefit of 6 cotton rows with 3 dripping pipes were significantly higher than that of 6 cotton rows with 2 dripping pipes. The yield and benefit of the former were 255 kg/hm2 and 1500 yuan/hm2 higher than that of the latter. Therefore, the 6 cotton rows with 3 dripping pipes under a plastic film mulching plantation pattern should be promoted.

  Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality of Island Cotton 2015, 31 (33):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070021 Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 661KB )   ( 395 ) The study aims to find out the effect of different degrees of regulated deficit irrigation on the yield and quality of island cotton. The authors used field plot test and took the normal irrigation water as control, set the mild regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) (75% of normal irrigation water), moderate (50% of normal irrigation water) RDI and severe RDI (25% of normal irrigation water), to study the adjustment effect of RDI on the yield and quality formation of island cotton. The results showed that mild RDI had no significant effect on cotton production quality, and moderate and severe RDI reduced lint yields by 10.8% and 25.4% , respectively, mainly for the significant decrease of single boll weight per plant. Mild and moderate RDI had some effects on lint, but severely RDI made lint dropped significantly. Mild and severe RDI slightly cut down the fiber length, while moderately RDI increased fiber length. Fiber specific strength and incompatible micronaire value increased with the rise of RDI degree, but the difference was not significant. From the perspective of different boll formation parts, mild RDI increased central cotton boll weight, fiber length and specific strength, and significantly reduced the upper boll weight and fiber length. Moderate and severe RDI significantly reduced boll weight and lint in the central part, moderate RDI increased fiber specific strength of central cotton bolls, and severe RDI significantly increased fiber specific strength of lower cotton bolls. Mild, moderate and severe RDI significantly increased the incompatible micronaire value of the central, lower and upper boll fiber respectively.

  Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Redundant Vegetative Shoots Growth and Yield Characteristics of Cotton 2015, 31 (33):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070060 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 576KB )   ( 387 ) The paper aims to study the effect of different plant growth regulators on redundant vegetative shoots growth and yield characteristics of cotton and explore new technology for inhibiting redundant vegetative shoots growth and simplifying the management of pruning in large scale cotton cultivation. The contrast test under field condition was conducted with three plant growth regulators (Duolingzhuanjia, AFD and DPC) to study the effect of different plant growth regulators on plant morphology, redundant vegetative shoots growth, spatial distribution of bolls and yield. The results showed that the inhibition effects of Duolingzhuanjia and AFD on average length of the upper main stem and the middle-upper fruit branch were weaker than that of DPC. The dry and fresh weight of redundant vegetative shoot per plant under Duolingzhuanjia and AFD treatments were significantly less than that under DPC treatment. Compared to DPC treatment, the fresh weight of redundant vegetative shoot per plant under Duolingzhuanjia and AFD treatments were 54.8% and 49.4% of that of the DPC treatment , the dry weight were 53.2% and 54.8% of that of the DPC treatment, the total length were 69.0% and 58.1% of that of the DPC treatment, the bolls per plant were 7% and 12.3% higher than that of the DPC treatment, and the yield were 12.6% and 10.2% higher than that of the DPC treatment. Duolingzhuanjia could increase internal bolls of plant and AFD could increase external bolls, they all had a trend for increasing the small bolls of main stem leaf axils.

  Effect of Boll Setting Period on Fiber Quality of Early Cotton in Southern Shanxi 2015, 31 (33):  116-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060122 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 616KB )   ( 456 ) In order to explore the effect of boll setting period on fiber quality of early cotton in Southern Shanxi, and provide theoretical support and important basis for breeding early-maturing varieties with high fiber quality,‘CCRI 50’and‘Jinmian 57’were taken as materials to analyze the influence of the boll setting period length on fiber quality. The results showed that the fiber quality of‘CCRI 50’was the best when the boll age was 73-days, the fiber length was 29.01 mm, the uniformity index was 84.60%, and the fiber strength was 28.7 cN/Tex. On the other hand, the fiber quality of‘Jinmian 57’was the best when the boll age was 79- days, the fiber length was 28.75 mm, the uniformity index was 84.40%, and the fiber strength was 28.8 cN/Tex, and the fiber strength of 79-days was 0.1 cN/Tex lower than that of 73-days. In general, the fiber length, uniformity, strength and micronaire of early cotton fell down with the shortening of boll setting period, while the elongation showed a rising trend with the shortening of boll setting period. Among the 5 indicators, the influences of boll setting period on fiber strength and micronaire were the largest.

  Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Yield, Quality and Se Foliar Fertilizer Efficiency of Naked Oat (Avena nuda) 2015, 31 (33):  122-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070115 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 558 ) The paper aims to study the effects of N fertilizer on the yield, quality and Se absorption of naked oat, and provide theoretical guidance for naked oat (Avena nuda) cultivation technology leading to high yield, high quality and Se-rich in Bashang area of north Hebei Province. Naked oat variety‘Bayou No.1’was used as the material. 6 levels of urea were applied in three-leaf stage and jointing stage, respectively, and all treatments were applied with two kinds of Se foliar fertilizer in three-leaf stage, jointing stage and heading stage and 10 days before maturity. Samples were taken from experimental plots at mature stage, and the indoor measurement of the economic characters, yield components, seed yield and biomass of naked oat were carried out. Semi-Micro Kjeldahl Method was used to determine the crude protein of the grain, Soxhlet extraction method was used to determine the crude fat content of the grain, acid-hydrolysis method was used to determine the crude starch content of the grain, and atomic fluorescence photometer method was used to determine the Secontent of the grain. The results showed that with the increasing urea application amount, the growth periods also increased. And the spikelets per spike, grain weight per spike, number of spike, grains per spike, grain yield, biomass and crude protein content of naked oat increased first and then decreased. N fertilizer increased the absorption of Se fertilizer, and the highest Se contents appeared under treatment N4 (applying 210 kg/hm2 urea in three-leaf stage and 240 kg/hm2 urea in jointing stage) in both of the two years. Spike length, crude fat and starch content were not affected significantly (P＞0.05). The plant height and 1000-grain weight had different results between 2013 and 2014, the plant height and 1000- grain weight were not affected significantly (P＞0.05) by applying urea in 2013, but increased in 2014.

  Differentiation Research on Seedling Emergence Rate of Millet Under Different Sowing Modes 2015, 31 (33):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070011 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 550 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for simplified culture technique of millet, this study was conducted to investigate whether the millet seedling emergence needed group power to break through the soil. An investigation and a statistical analysis of millet seedling emergence rate were carried out for two consecutive years under different sowing modes, such as drilling and dibbling, and different sowing depth and quantities. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate of millet had nothing to do with the sowing quantity under the same planting condition. If the soil preparation and moisture were good, the sowing quantity of about 4 kg/hm2 was suitable to forming appropriate seedling number in the farming, basically meet the requirement for less thinning or no thinning. The millet seedling emergence did not need group power to break through the soil.

  Effects of Controlled Potato Fertilizer Application Technology on Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency in Runoff Area of Xingyun Lake 2015, 31 (33):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060038 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 528KB )   ( 479 ) In the light of realistic problems such as increased residual amount of soil nutrient, wasting of resources, environmental pollution, ecological imbalance and especially lake water quality, which were caused by excessive fertilization in the production of potato in the runoff area of Xingyun Lake, field plot trials and indoor detection and analysis were conducted to study the effects of different potato fertilizer application technologies on the yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. The results showed that the yield of potato stem tuber, recovery efficiency, agronomic utilization efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen were decreasing with increasing nitrogen application amount when nitrogen was applied between 300 kg/hm2 and 600 kg/hm2, and they had the highest values of 56278.5 kg/hm2, 64.3%, 108.0 kg/kg and 186.2 kg/kg with the nitrogen application amount of 300 kg/hm2, respectively. The yield of potato stem tuber were nearly the same respectively, but recovery efficiency, agronomic utilization efficiency and partial factor productivity of phosphorus were the highest when the application of P2O5 was 75 kg/hm2, which were 15.5%, 40.5 kg/kg and 711.0 kg/kg, respectively. Also, no obvious difference in the yield of potato stem tuber was showed when K2O was applied by 150 kg/hm2 or 300 kg/hm2, with yield values of 55173.0 kg/hm2 and 55911.8 kg/hm2, respectively. Only when fertilizers were applied in the form of base fertilizers and with one time topdressing, absorption amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant and the potato yield were the maximum. The fertilization technology of controlling nitrogen and reducing phosphorus in winter potato production in runoff area of Xingyun Lake was applying nitrogen by 300-450 kg/hm2, P2O5 by 75-105 kg/hm2 and K2O by 150- 225 kg/hm2, and the toplimit fertilizer amount could be adopted when soil nutrient was poor. Additionally, the base fertilizers of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O were applied in the way of broadcasted sowing ditch by the percentage of 70%, 100% and 70%, respectively. The other base fertilizers were applied with water in budding stage. These research results have been applied to local potato production, they could not only achieve high yield and high efficiently, but also reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, making for anti-pollution and protection of water quality in Xingyun Lake.

  Study on Seed Water Absorbing Properties of 25 Castor Inbred Lines 2015, 31 (33):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.cjas15030029 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 651KB )   ( 486 ) The study aims to explore water absorption properties of castor inbred seeds and the effects of different parts of the seed on germination. The results showed that inbred lines had different water absorption capacities, and the capacity changed most quickly in the first 24 hours, then increased slowly, caruncle deletion played a lifting role in the process of water absorption of seed. The coefficient of volume and seed water absorption capacity was 0.5006 in case of caruncle, while the coefficient of volume and seed water absorption capacity was 0.6946 in case of caruncle deletion. Water absorption rate of inbred capsule husk ranged between 33%-380%. The test screened out 7 varieties of fast water absorption and slow dehydration. Water absorption rate of caruncle in vitro was negatively correlated with hundred-grain weight, the correlation coefficient was - 0.21307; and was negatively correlated with the weight of caruncle itself, the correlation coefficient was -0.6089. Thus, the author inferred that seed and caruncle with relatively small weight had strong water absorption capacity during germination. Germination test results indicated that the germination rate of seed with caruncle was lower than that of the seed without caruncle, and caruncle had obvious regulating effect on water absorption in germination.

  Evaluation of Drought Stress of Hemp at Seed Germination Stage Under PEG Simulation 2015, 31 (33):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060143 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 743KB )   ( 687 ) Seed germination stage is a critical period of the growth and development of hemp, the drought has an important effect on the growth and yield of hemp at this stage. In this experiment, 10 hemp varieties were chosen as the test materials to evaluate the drought resistance at seed germination stage by the method of PEG-6000 simulation. The results showed that 5 hemp varieties of good germination and drought resistance under high osmotic potential were selected. In the evaluation of drought stress on hemp at seed germination stage under different concentrations of PEG, low concentrations of PEG could promote the seed germination, and with the increase of PEG concentration, the stress on seed germination was greater. When the PEG concentration was 20%, the difference of germination index among different varieties was significant, so this concentration could be the appropriate concentration for screening and identification the drought-resistant hemp varieties (lines). Using the membership function value method, 3 hemp varieties in Yunnan showed a strong drought resistance, and‘Yunwan 6’was the best one.

  Analysis of Yield Stability and Site Discrimination of Job ’s Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) 魏心元,陈光能,,,唐虎 and 周小松 2015, 31 (33):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060049 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 637KB )   ( 561 ) The study aims to investigate the effects of genotype and environment interaction on yield stability and site discrimination of Job’s Tears in China, and provide guidance for identifying, recommending and registering excellent cultivars in production scientifically. The combination of double mark figure and special interaction [Dg(e)] of AMMI model was used to identify yield stability and site discrimination of the Job’s Tears cultivars, whose data came from the national regional trials of 2012-2014. The results showed that the output of 6 varieties ranged from 2380.0- 6061.0 kg/hm2, 1933.3- 5790.0 kg/hm2, 2192.0- 5632.3 kg/hm2, 905.3-5485.7 kg/hm2, 978.3-4680.0 kg/hm2, 991.0-5340.0 kg/hm2, respectively. There were significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and G×E interaction. The percentage of the sum of squares of genotype, environment and G × E interactive effects on total sum of squares were 8.41% , 55.10% and 14.03% , respectively. IPCA1, IPCA2 and IPCA3 represented the 60.97%, 18.97% and 3.07% of G?E interaction with a total of 83.01%, of which the IPCA1 was at 0.01 significant level. Therefore,‘Qianyijian3’,‘Anziyiyi’and ‘Wenyi2’had higher and more stable output, which should be recommended.‘Puyi6’had a moderate output,

  Effect of Excessive Cu on the Nutrients Absorption of Sugar Beet 2015, 31 (33):  160-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040218 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 1073KB )   ( 416 ) In order to lay the foundation of the rational utilization of Cu fertilizer and offer data for the study of heavy metal harm on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), Cu absorption characteristics, tolerance and the harm of excessive Cu were studied. The sugar beet was treated with nutrient solution of 0.31, 5.0, 50.0 and 100.0 μmol/L Cu2 in hydroponic culture and the effect of excessive Cu was studied. The results showed that: (1) the seedling color turned from green to yellow and the fresh weight of root and leaf became smaller with the increase of Cu2 ; (2) with the increase of Cu2 , the content of Cu, Zn, Fe, B and Mo in root increased, but Mn dropped and then increased lightly, the content of Cu, B, Mo in leaves increased, Zn and Mn increased first and then dropped, Fe had no significant variation; (3) with the increase of Cu2 , the content of N, P, Ca and Mg increased, K first increased and then dropped. The content of total N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves showed an increase trend. The content of N in root and leaf had no significant difference, but the content of other elements in leaf was higher than that in root.

  Seed Emergence Study of Three Salt-tolerant Plant Species in Saline-alkali Soil 2015, 31 (33):  166-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050038 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 670KB )   ( 295 ) The influence of different grass seed varieties (lyme grass, sweet clover and alfalfa), soils (pH 10.03, 9.36, 8.68, 8.12 and EC 2.02, 1.237, 0.962, 0.454 mS/cm), sowing depths (1, 3 cm) and seed treatments (suncure and soaking treatment and untreated) on seed emergence time and rate was studied by nursery site emergence test. The results showed that lyme grass had the best saline-alkaline resistance and sweet clover had the worst; the increase of pH and EC could cause the increase of seed emergence time and the reduce of seed emergence rate (pH＞8.68 and EC＞0.962 mS/cm); compared with the sowing depth of 3 cm, the sowing depth of 1 cm could significantly reduce seed emergence time and increase seed emergence rate; sun-cure and soaking treatment could significantly reduce seed emergence time and increase seed emergence rate, which could help seed emergence. The experiment also showed that shorter emergence time could benefit higher emergence rate in saline-alkali soil.

  Research Progress and Future Prospects of Molecular Marker Technology Applied in Crop Variety Identification 江伟 and 2015, 31 (33):  172-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040189 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 782 ) In this paper, the research progress of crop variety identification by four dominating molecular markers, AFLP, ISSR, SRAP and SSR, was summarized. It was proposed that the SSR should be the first choice in future when molecular markers were used to identify the purity of variety and test for DUS. Meanwhile, the research progress of rapid identification of the purity of variety was introduced. And it was predicted that the internet technology would be used in future to combine the fingerprinting of molecular markers and the morphological feature of crop varieties to obtain a quick index of varieties. The rapid identification of varieties would be also achieved through the alignment of digital fingerprinting between different varieties and the rapid output of information. The goal of rapid identification of the purity of varieties and authenticity in any growing period of crop would be realized, which would promote the protection for varieties of plants and the healthy development of China's seed industry.

  Seed Purity Detection and Distinctiveness Analysis of 5 New Watermelon Hybrid Varieties on SSR Markers 朱丽华,, and 2015, 31 (33):  177-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060107 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 2481KB )   ( 839 ) In order to establish a rapid, acute and effective seed purity detection system of watermelon hybrids, the variety purity of 5 watermelon hybrids was identified, and the molecular fingerprint of parental germplasms was constructed by using SSR molecular markers. With seeds of 5 new watermelon hybrid varieties‘Shenxuan 958’,‘Shuangsebingqilin’,‘Huangjing’,‘Shengnvhong 2’and‘Shengnvhong 3’together with their parents which were bred by researchers of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences as test materials, total DNA was extracted from root tips of germinating seed by CTAB. Based on the principle of complementary with female parent and male parent of SSR electrophoresis band which was a hybrid variety, the variety purity and the distinctiveness of these watermelon hybrids were identified by analysis of SSR molecular markers. Five pairs of polymorphic primers (primer BVWS00106, BVWS00209, BVWS0036, BVWS01734 and BVWS00826) out of 28 pairs of SSR core primers were selected to make rapid variety purity identification, and the seed purity of these 5 watermelon hybrids were 98%. Compared with results of morphological identification in field, the coincidence rate of the variety purity was higher than 98%, which was obtained by SSR analysis. And the fingerprints of 9 parental germplasms of the 5 watermelon hybrids were constructed by using polymorphic sites of the selected SSR markers. The results showed that the technical system could meet the requirements of rapid variety purity detection and protection of plant variety right of watermelon new hybrids in laboratory.

  Establishment of ISSR-PCR Reaction System and Primers Selection of Miscanthus sinensis 2015, 31 (33):  186-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070161 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 774KB )   ( 672 ) The aims were to establish and optimize the amplification system of ISSR-PCR and further study the genetic diversity of wild Miscanthus sinensis populations. M. sinensis samples were collected from Jilin Province for the test. The influence of DNA template, Taq DNA polymerase, primer and annealing temperature on the PCR amplification was studied by the single factor test method. The results indicated that: 20 μL reaction system contained 40 ng template DNA, 0.4 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.6 μmol/L primer, Taq DNA polymerase 1.5 U. 10 ISSR primers with stable amplification bands and rich polymorphism for ISSR-PCR were selected, and the optimal annealing temperature was also found.

  Allelic Variation of the Polyphenol Oxidase Genes in Shanxi Wheat Varieties (Lines) 2015, 31 (33):  192-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070026 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 326 ) In order to clarify the allelic variation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Shanxi wheat varieties (lines), and select and breed the wheat varieties with low activity of PPO, a total of 121 Shanxi wheat varieties (lines) were tested with the functional markers PPO16, PPO18 and PPO29 of PPO. The results showed that the wheat varieties (lines) with Ppo- A1a genotype and Ppo- A1b had 56 and 65 accessions, respectively, and the frequencies were 46.3% and 53.7%, respectively. The wheat varieties (lines) with Ppo-D1a genotype and Ppo-D1b had 50 and 71 accessions, respectively, and the frequencies were 41.3% and 58.7%, respectively. The wheat varieties (lines) with two-genotype combination types Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a, Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b, Ppo-A1b/ Ppo-D1a, Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b had 43, 50, 37, 56 accessions, respectively, and the frequency distributions were 35.5%, 41.3%, 30.6% and 46.3%, respectively. 37 accessions of the wheat varieties with low activity of PPO (Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a) were detected, which provided the basis for obtaining the wheat varieties with low activity of PPO in conventional breeding.

  The Independent Heredity of Red Pigments Around Stone, Under Skin or in Mesocarp in Peach 2015, 31 (33):  196-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060068 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 486KB )   ( 435 ) The aim was to explore the independent-heredity relationship of red pigments around stone, under skin or in mesocarp in peach. Three different traits, flesh pigment under skin, mesocarp and around stone, were observed and analyzed in three cross populations‘( Okubo’בYanhong’,‘Yanhong’בOkubo’,‘Fengbai’ בYanhong’) in 2006-2008. The segregation ratios of the three traits of different years had variance. The red pigments around stone were more sensitive to environment. A weak correlation was found between red pigments around stone and the other two traits, but the red pigments under skin were closely correlated with the red pigments in mesocarp. The red pigments under skin and in mesocarp were genetically linked to each other but red pigments around stone inherited independently.

  Regulating Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid Treatment on Sucrose-metabolizing Enzymes Activities of Cucumis sativus Seedling Roots 2015, 31 (33):  202-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060046 Abstract + ( 654 )   PDF ( 856KB )   ( 409 ) In order to research the regulating effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on sucrose-metabolizing enzymes activities in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a hydroponics experiment was conducted and combined with different concentrations of SA. The results showed that appropriate SA concentration could promote the growth of cucumber seedling roots, 0.1 mmol/L treatment had the best effect. After SA treatment, the activities of AI, NI and SS (direction of cleavage) were higher than that of the control; the activity of SS (direction of cleavage) reached a very significant difference in 0.1 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L SA treatments, but the effect of 0.5 mmol/L SA treatment was not obvious. AI and NI activity were significantly different from that of the control. The activity of SPS decreased after the treatments with different SA concentrations, the difference between the three concentrations treated for 6 days and the control group reached a very significant level, and the effect of 0.5 mmol/L SA treatment was the most obvious, the activity was 1.81 μmol Sucrose/(g·h)FW on the 6th day of the treatment, activity change of SS and SPS had the similar trend. After the treatments with different SA concentrations, the activity of amylase increased with the treatment time extending, then decreased slightly, and was lower than that of the control overall. The effect of 0.05 mmol/L SA treatment was the most obvious, the activity was 2.33 mg/(g·h)FW on the 6th day of the treatment, and it reached a very significant difference level compared with that of the control. In conclusion, appropriate SA concentration treatment could adjust the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, and promote the growth of Cucumis sativus seedling roots.

  Investigation on Application Status of Pine Needle Compost 何俊龙 2015, 31 (33):  208-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040220 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 462KB )   ( 664 ) Pine needle is a kind of renewable natural resource which has rich nutrient content and can be used as raw aterial for organic compost. In order to understanding the pine needle compost application status and its potential value, in this study, the author chose the survey sites in Songgui Town, Heqing County, Dali Prefecture, and the survey covered 2450 farmer households in 82 communities of 10 villages. The survey found that, pine needle compost was widely applied in Heqing County, farmer households with compost accounted for 91.76% of the total households, and among which, farmer households with the pine needle compost accounted for 96.82% , the total compost reached 7493730 kg, the average household compost reached 3333.51 kg. Compost forms were diversified, pine needle compost and cover dung were the main forms. Compost control condition was poor, only 39.82% of the households added water in the composting process, only 15.70% of the households turned the pile, only 49.07% of the households had warming practice, and only 16.13% of the households conducted harmless treatments. Technical issues, including rapid degradation of pine needles, condition control of pine needle compost and reasonable formula of pine needle compost, should be addressed. Pine needle compost is a green organic fertilizer that widely recognized by farmers and has a huge potential value.

  Study on Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen by Peanut Shell Biochar 2015, 31 (33):  214-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060035 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 677KB )   ( 444 ) In order to reveal the adsorption performance of biochar to ammonium nitrogen, peanut shell was used as raw material to prepare biochar through low-oxygen pyrolysis (300°C), and a batched equilibrium adsorption method was adopted to study the adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of peanut shell biochar (PSB) to ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N). The results showed that the adsorption amount of NH4 -N by biochar increased with the increase of initial concentration of NH4 -N in solution, the adsorption tended to be saturated when the initial concentration was close to 100 mg/L, and the maximum adsorption amount was 5.79 mg/g. Langmuir could effectively fit the isothermal adsorption data of PSB to NH4 -N, which indicated that monolayer adsorption was dominant in the adsorption. The adsorption of NH4 - N by biochar reached equilibrium in about 30 min, and the pseudo second order kinetics equation could effectively describe its adsorption dynamic; the adsorption amount of NH4 -N decreased and the adsorption rate increased gradually with the increase of addition amount of biochar, the suitable addition amount of biochar was 0.6 g every per 50 mL in the adsorption system of 100 mg/L, and the maximal adsorption rate was 40%. The adsorption amount of NH4 -N by biochar increased with the increase of pH, the adsorption amount reached 8.8 mg/g when the pH was 9.0. Therefore, the initial concentration of NH4 -N in solution, the addition of biochar and the pH value were the important factors which could affect the adsorption performance of biochar.

  Influence of Microbe of Different Concentrations on Compost Starting Process Parameters 2015, 31 (33):  221-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070020 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 624 ) In order to explore the influence of added exogenous microbes on compost starting process parameters, and study the change of compost starting process parameters with microbial and put forward the significance of the secondary regulation technology parameters. The effect of microbe on water content, pH, EC, total carbon, total nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio was studied by adding five different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of thermophiles respectively. The results showed that the water content of 1% microbe treatment was 5.82% higher than that of control; PH and EC changed in different degrees; the carbon content of 0.25% microbe treatment was 9.20% lower than that of control; the total nitrogen content of 0.75% microbe treatment was 35.33% lower than that of control; the carbon nitrogen ratio of 0.75% microbe treatment was 4.34% higher than that of control. The results suggested that bacteria suspension could lead to different compost starting process parameters by adding different concentrations of exogenous microbe.

  Research Progress of Technique and Effect of Maize Straw Returning 2015, 31 (33):  226-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060041 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 414KB )   ( 515 ) In order to provide theory reference for the science research and application of maize straw returning in larger scale, the authors summarized the maize straw returning technique evolution, its influence on soil physical and chemical properties, microorganisms and the yield. On this basis, the authors put forward the problems for further study on maize straw returning, suggested that maize straw returning technique should be developed from direct application to smash application, and indicated that the maize straw formed humus after the effect of microbes in soil, which could increase soil organic matter and was benefit to the formation of soil aggregate structure, therefore, maize straw returning could provide material basis and growing environment for microbes in the soil, and increase the yield of maize.

  Toxic Effect of Added Nickel on Plant Root Elongation and Earthworm Reproduction in Fluvo-aquic Soil 2015, 31 (33):  230-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040012 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 759KB )   ( 397 ) The basic ecotoxicological data of soil pollutants are essential to the assessment of ecological risks and the development of ecological soil screening levels. Fluvo- aquic soil was used as the test substrate, artificially contaminated soils were made by adding nickel with the concentrations of 0, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 and 1780 mg/kg. Nickel toxicity to root elongation of monocotyledons (barley, wheat and oat) and dicotyledons (cucumber, lettuce and rape) were evaluated by the method of ISO 11269-1—2012, and the residue amount of nickel in the soil was determined. Meanwhile, nickel toxicity to reproduction (cocoon production) and the growth (body weight change) of earthworm Eisenia fetida were studied using the series of nickel contaminated soils (except the soil of 1780 mg/kg Ni). The hytotoxicity test results showed that low levels of added nickel could promote the elongation of barley and wheat roots, indicated that there was a hormesis. However, high levels of nickel could significantly inhibit the root elongation of the six plants. The EC50 values of root elongation of barley, wheat, oats, cucumber, lettuce, and rape were 918.3, 696.6, 837.5, 409.3, 232.3 and 608.1 mg/kg, respectively. Nickel toxicity to the root elongation of dicotyledons was generally larger than that of onocotyledons. The earthworm toxicity test results showed that nickel at the range of 0- 1000 mg/kg in fluvo-aquic soils had no significant effect on the body weight of earthworms. However, nickel at the concentration of 180 mg/kg or more showed significant toxic effect on earthworm cocoon production, which lead to a decrease in the roduction of cocoon. The EC50 value of the cocoon production was 329.61 mg/kg. The data obtained in this study could promote the development of ecological soil criteria and the assessment of ecological risk of nickel.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Environmental Quality in Bamboo Shoot Producing Areas in South-West Zhejiang Province 2015, 31 (33):  236-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060097 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 866KB )   ( 439 ) In order to understand soil heavy metal condition of bamboo shoot producing areas in South-West Zhejiang Province and protect quality safety of bamboo shoot, 7 heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) content from 132 soil samples of 8 cities(Anji, Linan, Yuhang and so on) were analyzed, single factor containment index and synthesis containment index were evaluated based on the environmental general requirements for production area of edible forest product (LY/T 1678—2014). The results showed that the content of the 7 heavy metals was 0.79-24.80, 0.03-1.05, 7.64-316.69, 0.00-4.50, 2.47-232.21, 5.33-542.20 and 38.63-436.84 mg/kg, espectively; the range of variation coefficient was from 64.5% to 268.5%; The order of synthesis containment index was Fuyang＞Anji＞Deqing＞Yuhang＞Linan＞Longyou＞Liandu＞ Suichang. Correlation analysis and clustering analysis showed that there was homology or associated relationship between Cd, Zn and As; As, Hg, Cr, Cu and Pb showed combined pollution phenomenon; while Cd showed an unique pollution source. Soil heavy metal environmental quality of these 8 cities was fine, Pb, Hg and Cd belonged to light polluted level in some areas. Prevention and control should be taken in the process of cultivation and production.

  Soil Degradation Characteristics of Floodplain Wetlands in Yellow River Source Zone 林春英,李希来,金惠瑛,何生存 and Jay Gao 2015, 31 (33):  243-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080116 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 812KB )   ( 399 ) This paper studies soil degradation characteristics of floodplain wetlands in Yellow River source zone by its geographical terrain and soil indicators. The results showed that soil pH value was more than 7 at all degradation stages, and pH value decreased significantly with the increase of degradation degree. Soil water content and grass-soil ratio decreased gradually with the increase of degradation degree. The soil of floodplain wetland was loose loam, and the clay content of soil with the size less than 0.01 mm decreased with the increase of degradation degree. The main nutrient content in upper layer was higher than that of lower layer in vertical, soil organic matter and total nitrogen (TN) showed a decreasing trend with the increase of degradation degree. The content of TN, total potassium (TK) and organic matter at stage 5 were significantly different (P＜ 0.05) from that at previous four stages and they were not significantly different at stages 1, 2, 3 and 4. TN content at stage 2 was significantly different (P＜0.05) from that at stage 5, while it was not significantly different at stages 1, 3 and 4. The content of total phosphorus (TP), available P and available K were not significantly different, available P showed a decreasing trend while TP and available K showed an increasing trend with the increase of degradation trend,

  Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Salinity on Arable Land in Fluvial Landforms of Bashang Region Based on In-situ Measurement 2015, 31 (33):  250-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060116 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 876KB )   ( 360 ) Spatial variability of soil salinity reflects the salinization and status of arable layer of soil. In order to observe the spatial distribution of soil salinity in different layers of arable land in fluvial landforms, the in-situ detecting method was adopted. The results showed that the soil salinity of each layer on the flooding plain had moderate variability and strong spatial autocorrelation, while the variability of soil salinity on river terrace was weak, the spatial autocorrelation of deeper layer was significant. The Kriging interpolation figure showed that the spatial distributions of salinity in the study areas were in the shape of stripe, concentric ring or uniform distribution. The salinity of surface layer on river terrace had a weak negative correlation with the gradient of sample sites. Terrain, hydrology and soil texture were the major factors that affected the spatial variability of soil salinity. The soil of these study areas was not salinization now, but salt accumulation of several measured sites on the flooding plain had higher risks of salinization, more attention should be paid to prevent the possible salinization.

  Effect of Soil Conditioner on the Soil and Crop Production of Facility Vegetable Fields 李旭军 2015, 31 (33):  256-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0667 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 574KB )   ( 425 ) In order to clarify the function of soil conditioner on improving soil physical and chemical characteristics and increasing crop yield and determine the best application rate to extend in agricultural production, the author took Fangshan District of Beijing as an example to study the effect of applying soil conditioner on soil properties and crop production in facility vegetable fields. The results showed that: the application of soil conditioner on the facilities field would improve apparently the soil field capacity, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the yield of tomato, the relationship between the amount of soil conditioner and the soil field capacity, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and tomato yield could be fitted with the equations of y=-8×10- 5x2 0.0329x 27.34 (R2=0.958), y=-0.0004x2 0.0639x 16.39 (R2=0.9344) and y=-0.0041x2 0.5155x 77.725 (R2=0.9877). Therefore, the best application amount of soil conditioner was 60-75 L/hm2.

  Study on Distribution Characteristics of Solar Altitude and Solar Radiation Energy in Xinjiang 傅玮东,段 维 and 2015, 31 (33):  261-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060100 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 540 ) In order to better develop and utilize the solar energy resources in Xinjiang, with statistics and other methods, the authors analyzed the seasonal variation and regional distribution of solar altitude and solar radiation energy in southern and northern Xinjiang. The results showed that: (1) The continuation time of solar altitude in the same day of the same area were different, the continuation time of sunrise and sunset were less than that of noon; with the increase of latitude, the continuation time of the same solar altitude in different parts gradually increased, that of northern Xinjiang was longer than that of southern Xinjiang; the maximum of solar altitude decreased with the increase of latitude, that of northern Xinjiang was below that of southern Xinjiang. (2) The solar altitude in summer was the highest, while that in winter was the lowest. The maximum variation range of solar altitude of southern Xinjiang was greater than that of northern Xinjiang. (3) The solar radiation in summer was the strongest, while that in winter was the weakest. With the increase of solar radiation intensity, the percentage of continuation time accounted for a greater part of day time. Under the same solar radiation, the continuation time in southern Xinjiang was shorter than that in northern Xinjiang. Understanding the changes of solar altitude and solar radiation energy in Xinjiang could provide a more scientific basis for the development and utilization of solar energy resources in southern and northern Xinjiang.

  Impact of Different Calculation Methods of Mean Daily Temperature on Temperature Statistics 2015, 31 (33):  269-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080112 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 724 ) The mean daily temperature is a major indicator reflecting climate characteristics, there are many ways to calculate the mean daily temperature. In order to find out the influence of different calculation methods on the mean daily temperature, on the basis of data from 5 national benchmark stations of Hebei Province, 3 kinds of omputational methods including the extreme value average, 4 times average and 8 times average were adopted to count the mean daily temperature and analyze the result in comparing with the actual daily average temperatures. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient between the 3 kinds of calculation methods of the mean temperature and the actual average temperature series was higher than 0.9. The mean temperatures calculated by 8 times average was the closest to the actual average temperature, averagely lowered for 0.0052℃; the extreme value was 0.4568℃ higher than the actual average temperature; the 4 times average was 0.1789℃ lower than the actual average temperature. The temperature increasing rate of the 24 times was the smallest, and the rate of 10 a was close to 0.33, higher than the results of previous studies. The estimation accuracy of the 3 kinds of calculation methods was between 10-7 and 10-4, which was relatively high. Under the premise of ensuring the length of the data and the number of stations, these methods can well represent the climate change trend.

  Effect of Different Postharvest Treatments on Quality of‘Abate’Pear During Shelf Life After Cold Storage 2015, 31 (33):  273-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100008 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 535KB )   ( 569 ) This paper aims at the quality changes of Pyrus communis‘Abate’pear after different postharvest treatments. The authors studied the quality changes of Pyrus communis‘Abate’pear at 5 d shelf life after 120 d cold storage at (0±0.5)℃. The different postharvest treatments on‘Abate’pear were common fruit paper package, chitosan coated paper package, chitosan coating, 1-MCP, hot water, hot water fruit wax, vegetable ＆ fruit detergents, vegetable ＆ fruit detergents fruit wax, 0.20% diphenylamine, and ethotyquin of 0.10%, 0.20% and 0.30% concentrations. The changes of superficial scald rate and good fruit, flesh firmness and soluble solid content and pH value were measured during shelf life. The changes of fruits appearance, flesh firmness, soluble solid content and pH value of‘Abate’pear under different treatments were changed significantly. 1-MCP and hot water treatments reduced superficial scald rate and improved good fruit rate better than other treatments. 1-MCP and vegetable＆ fruit detergents fruit wax treatments improved flesh firmness. Hot water fruit wax, common fruit paper package and 0.20% diphenylamine kept flesh firmness at the later time of shelf life. Chitosan coating improved soluble solid content at early time of shelf life. In conclusion, 1-MCP treatment has the best effect on preventing the happening of superficial scald, increasing the good fruit rate, keeping the firmness, soluble solid content and pH value etc. than other treatments.

  Toxicity Measurement of Eight Biological Pesticides on Curvularia clavata from Curcuma Wen yujin in Laboratory 2015, 31 (33):  279-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050118 Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 498KB )   ( 360 ) This study aims to select biological pesticide that can effectively control Curvularia clavata on Curcuma Wen yujin Chen et C.Ling. The antimicrobial effects of eight kinds of biological pesticide on C. clavata were tested by mycelium growth rate method. 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS, 3% Zhongsheng mycin WP, Pseudomonas fluorescens WP and Bacillus subtilis WP had better antimicrobial effects on C. clavata. In addition, the toxicity of P. fluorescens WP was the strongest, with the EC50 of 0.93 mg/L, ollowed by Trichoderma harzianum WP, B. subtilis WP, 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS and 3% Zhongsheng mycin WP with the EC50 of 1.30, 3.27, 6.14, 8.42 mg/L, respectively. P. fluorescens WP, 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS, B. subtilis WP and 3% Zhongsheng mycin WP could effectively inhibit the growth of C. clavata and could be used in filed trials.

  Effect of Nitrogen-reduction and Seedlings-increase on Rice False Smut of Seedling-Throwing Late Rice 2015, 31 (33):  284-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060037 Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 772KB )   ( 480 ) The occurrences of rice false smut under three nitrogen levels (N1, N2, N3) combined with four seedling-throwing densities (M1, M2, M3, M4) were compared to investigate the occurrence regularity of rice false smut under nitrogen- reduction and seedlings- increase condtions. The results showed that: every incidence parameter presented a decreasing trend with increased densities under the same nitrogen level, while an increasing trend with increased nitrogen level under the same density. Three incidence parameters of the combination of N3M1 reached the highest level in comparing with other combinations, and the rate of diseased grains, diseased panicles and diseased plants was 0.89%, 21.69% and 95.88%, respectively. The correlation coefficients R2 between SPAD value and the rate of diseased grains, diseased panicles and diseased plants were 0.668, 0.8472, 0.9441, respectively, which reached significant or extremely significant level. The correlation coefficients R2 between leaf area per plant and the rate of diseased grains, diseased panicles and diseased plants were 0.9143, 0.9427, 0.984, respectively, and all reached extremely significant level. In summary, reducing the supply of nitrogen and increasing planting density properly would be beneficial to esta population structure of late rice reasonably and reduce the occurrence degree of rice false smut effectively.