Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.34 Published:17 December 2015

  Runoff and Sediment Characteristics and Nutrient Loss Under Forest Canopy of Pinus massoniana with Different Inter-planting Modes Huang Shide 2015, 31 (34):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050112 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 776KB )   ( 464 ) The paper aims to select inter-planting modes which could effectively conserve soil and water and decrease nutrient loss. Runoff and sediment characteristics and nutrient loss under forest canopy of Pinus massoniana with different inter-planting modes, including no inter-planting control, inter-planting with Camellia oleifera, inter-planting with Camellia oleifera and Arachis hypogaea, inter-planting with Camellia oleifera and Glycine max, were monitored for a whole year in Changting County, located in the northwestern Fujian Province. The results showed that the runoff and sediment were mainly concentrated in spring and summer, and their seasonal distribution rule was similar to that of precipitation. The runoff and sediment in wet season accounted for 84.47% and 86.08% of the entire quantities, respectively. The runoff and sediment were influenced by precipitation difference, which in dry season had obvious greater influence than in wet season. The runoff and sediment were significantly correlated (P<0.05). As compared with the control, annual runoff and sediment and nutrient loss had slight increase after inter-planting with Camellia oleifera, however, annual runoff and sediment and nutrient loss had obvious decrease after inter-planting with Camellia oleifera and two kinds of green manure. The research proved that only adopting inter-planting Camellia oleifera mode could stimulate runoff and sediment and increase nutrient loss, but inter-planting modes through green manure planting could effectively conserve soil and water and decrease nutrient loss.

  Establishment of Highly Efficient Plant Regeneration System of Populous suaveolens Zhao Xinwen 2015, 31 (34):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060019 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 474KB )   ( 465 ) The study aims to exploit the antifreeze gene of Populous suaveolens and improve the resistance of poplar by biotechnology. Leaves of Populous suaveolens were used as explants to study the effect of different prescriptions of hormone on induction, differentiation of adventitious bud and rooting, and establish a plant regeneration system in vitro. The results showed that the optimum medium for adventitious bud regeneration was MS BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L with the frequency of adventitious bud regeneration of 98.8% and the number of shoots of 23.0. The optimum medium for rooting of shoots was 1/2MS IBA 0.3 mg/L with a rooting efficiency of 100%. The result of this study could lay a foundation for the improvement of the cold resistance of poplar and its molecular breeding.

  Study on The Garden Geometric Modeling Types and Efficient Cultivation Key Techniques of Ulmus pumila‘Zhonghua Jinye’ 2015, 31 (34):  10-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070123 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 3145KB )   ( 397 ) The paper aims to study an efficient cultivation techniques of geometric sculpt and enrich product type for Ulmus pumila ‘Zhonghua Jinye’, experimental research for the cultivation techniques on geometric sculpt were carried out by using different sculpt techniques. The results showed that the first clip was typically carried out on two months after grafting for simple geometry sculpt (about 15cm-20cm in length). Next year, 1/3 crown was pruned before buds on the trees. The branch was clipped for each growth 20cm in length, then, little by little , it cut into geometric shape which would take two years to achieve. The efficient breeding technical of composite texturing use existing product and group it directly, volume-produce was realized in the same year and shorten rearing period, and meanwhile the value of the products could be enhanced.

  Study on Cutting Propagation of Tilia taishanensis S. B. Ling Wu Xiaolong,Yin Wanyuan,Ren Ying,Tong Ran and Zang Dekui 2015, 31 (34):  16-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050110 Abstract + ( 2039 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 445 ) The paper aims to provide the theoretical basis for protection and rapid propagation of Tilia taishanensis S. B. Ling. The effect of different parts (upper, middle and lower), types of cuttings and different hormones (IBA, NAA and ABT) and their concentrations (500, 1500, 3000, 5000mg/L) on the cutting rooting of Tilia taishanensis S. B. Ling was researched. The results indicated that cuttings in the middle had the best rotting effect, which had a rooting rate of 45.6%. The rooting rate of the upper was 39.7% and that of the lower was 35.2%. Different cuttings significantly affected their rooting capacity. The rooting rate of shoot in early August was 52.3%, 1.1 times of the hardwood in mid-September. The types and concentrations of growth regulators were also important factors that affected cutting rooting. Treated with IBA at a concentration of 3000 mg/L, the cuttings had a rooting rate of 68.5%, an average root number of 18.6 and an average root length of 12.35 cm, which were 2.6 times, 1.4 times and 1.2 times of that of the control respectively. The middle cuttings shortly dipped with 3000 mg/L IBA were appropriate for the cutting rooting of Tilia taishanensis S. B. Ling.

  Induction of Callus and Distinguishing of Embryogenic Callus of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Wang Yan,Zhao Jian,Sui Xin,Qiu Xiaoqian and Zhang Jinfeng 2015, 31 (34):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050032 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 2568KB )   ( 410 ) In order to explore the embryonic callus conditions and establish a preliminary system of somatic embryogenesis of Eucommia ulmoides, the influence of different hormone proportions in medium and immature embryo age and genotype on the induction of embryogenic callus of Eucommia ulmoides was explored using young leaves, immature zygotic embryos as explants. In addition, embryogenic callus was distinguished via the morphology and cytology. The results showed that the leaf callus induced from 4 kinds of different hormone proportion mediums were different in color and texture, in the medium of MS 2,4-D 2 mg/L 6-BA 1 mg/L and MS 2,4-D 2 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, embryogenic callus of leaves was easier to be induced. In the medium of MS 2,4-D 2 mg/L 6-BA 1 mg/L, the callus induced from the immature zygotic embryos could be divided into four categories: the types of spherical and granular callus were embryogenic. The immature zygotic embryos acquisited from different periods had significant differences in callus induction rates and June 14th showed the highest callus induction rate, while callus induction of different genotypes had no significant difference.

  Effect of Weed Control and Scarification on Plantations of Tectona grandis and Their Undergrowth Vegetation Li Yunxing,Ming Angang,Wang Ya’nan,Chen Haisheng,Qin Fulong and Chen Maori 2015, 31 (34):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070024 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 550KB )   ( 422 ) The paper aims to understand the effect of weed control and scarification on plantations of Tectona grandis and their undergrowth vegetation. A trial of weed control and scarification on a 2-year-old plantation of Tectona grandis was carried out with treatments of weed control by ‘totally cutting’ (TC) and ‘totally spuding’ (TS), and with treatment of land scarification. The results showed that there were significantly different effects on trees growth and their undergrowth by different treatments: (1) comparing with the treatment of TS, under the treatment of TC, the growth the trees height and DBH decreased by 39.2% and 39.5%, respectively; the average height, coverage and biomass for shrub increased by 32.6%, 76.2% and 184.0%, respectively, and that of herb increased by 36.8%, 5.8% and 39.3%, respectively, but the species of undergrowth shrub and herb decreased by 16.7% and 50.0%, respectively; (2) under treatment of land scarification, the growth of tree height and DBH increased by 13.5% and 11.0% respectively, and the treatment effect on the undergrowth shrub and herb was significant but weaker than that by treatment of weed control; (3) there was significantly negative correlation between the growth of teak tree and the coverage of herb.

  The effect of light color to grafting seedling growth in Camellia oleifera 2015, 31 (34):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040172 Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 593 ) Based on the analysis of seedlings height and ground diameter by variance and multiple comparison in different light color to Camellia oleifera,the results that the height and ground diameter of Camellia oleifera seedling were significant or very significant differences in different light quality, and they were higher than the outdoor environment growth in full sunlight; By the result of multiple comparison under different light qualities of seedlings height and ground diameter , blue was took advantage of elongation and thickening to grafting seedling.

  Water Absorption and Germination Characteristics of Stipa glareosa Seed Xiao Bin,Wang Li,Zhang Jie,Wei Linyuan,Li Faming and Wan Xiang 2015, 31 (34):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050042 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 659KB )   ( 507 ) This article studied the treatment effect of distilled water, GA3 and PEG on the germination of Stipa glareosa seeds. The results showed that the absorption rate of the germination rate of S. glareosa seeds displayed a rising trend with the rising of water temperature under the treatments of different water temperatures, and the water absorption of the seeds soaked with the water of different temperatures was significantly different. GA3 treatment could promote the seeds germination. The germination rate and germination potential under the treatment of 80 mg/L GA3 solution were the highest, which were 54% and 48%, respectively. The germination reached the peak on the 7th day, and the germination period was effectively shortened. With the addition of PEG solution, the seed germination was induced at various degrees. The lower the PEG solution concentration was, the more significant the inducing effect was. When the PEG solution concentration was 5%, seed germination rate and germination potential were comparatively high, indicating that drought stress could induce the seed germination. In conclusion, S. glareosa seeds can adapt to the dry soil habitat at a certain degree.

  Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Quality of Tobacco in No-tillage Cultivation Zhu Sanrong,Tian Feng,Chen Qianfeng,Li Mingde and Wu Haiyong 2015, 31 (34):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060062 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 377 ) In order to select a better fertilization method for the no-tillage cultivation of tobacco, the effects of different fertilization methods on yield and quality of tobacco were studied under no-tillage cultivation. The results showed that, no-tillage cultivation and different fertilization methods had no significant effects on the growth of tobacco. At the late growth stage of tobacco, the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of row fertilization was higher than that of hole fertilization and row fertilization hole fertilization by 20.6, 16.6, 24.2 mg/kg and 36.4, 17.8, 198.7 mg/kg, respectively, indicating that row fertilization had the better supply capacity of soil nutrient. The yield and output value of row fertilization were higher than that of the hole fertilization and row fertilization hole fertilization by 14.3%, 14.7% and 11.0%, 13.9% respectively, and was higher than that of CK by 7.8% and 14.1%, its average price and high-class-leaf proportion were the highest in all methods. The chemical components of row fertilization were more harmonious in different fertilization methods, the level of quality of sensory evaluation decreased in an order as: row fertilization＞ hole fertilization＞ row fertilization hole fertilization. The row fertilization method can improve the chemical components and the quality of sensory evaluation than other fertilization methods. So, row fertilization of base fertilizer is the best selection of fertilization methods for no-tillage cultivation.

  Research on the Original Plants of Scallion and Its Corresponding Plants Liu Haiming,Chang Li,Xia Xiaofei,Wang Lingling,Han Dong,Zhong Bei and Li Yameng 2015, 31 (34):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050143 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 944KB )   ( 402 ) Scallion is a type of condiment and original material of food in the Chinese catering culture, which had a long history in the developing process of Chinese traditional culture. However, when did scallion come into human life? How many kinds of scallion were there in the past? They are unknown up till now. In this study, historical records of ‘scallion’ were traced from the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty which was about 2000 years ago. The methods of plant taxonomy and comparative morphology were applied to the research, which resulted in 24 names related to ‘scallion’, and 21 of them were identified with a distinct scientific name. The study was the first such kind of case study on the original plants of scallion and its corresponding plants recorded in the Chinese historical literatures. The results showed that the homology of medicine and food in scallion was clearly acknowledged in the Tang Dynasty about 1500 years ago. At the same time, the relationship between scallion and eight fasting vegetative food was clarified from the perspective of plant science.

  Analysis of Growth and Development of Tomato During Fruit Harvest in Modern Greenhouse 2015, 31 (34):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040212 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 786KB )   ( 415 ) For the purpose of exploring the growth and development of tomatoe during fruit harvest in greenhouse, the experimental data of the greenhouse environmental conditions were collected, and the fruit traits in the harvest period were measured. The test used ‘Provence’ as material and the experimental site was the greenhouse of Xiaotangshan in the Beijing. The results showed that: the daily average greenhouse inside temperature was about 20℃ between March and May, and about 25℃ in June, and the change range of it was smaller than that of outside. The daily average relative humidity of greenhouse was about 70%, while the change of radiation was larger, mostly in the 150-270 μmol/(m2·s). The mean growth of tomatoe plant height per week was decreasing from the mid of harvest to uprooting plants. The mean growth of flower and fruit setting position per week was also decreasing. After fruit setting, it took eight weeks for the fruit to become ripe and to be harvested. The mean growth of fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter per week decreased significantly. The weekly harvest fruit weight decreased first and then increased, and the maximum average weight per fruit was 125.2 g. The weekly production gradually increased to reach a peak of 0.74 kg/(m2·week) and then significantly declined. The mean growth of plant height and flower and fruit setting position per week in the south were slightly larger than that in the north.

  Effects of Different Amounts of Nutrient Supplying on Tomato inEnclosed Inorganic Substrate Circulation Trough Wang Zheng,Liu Mingchi,Ji Yanhai,Qi Yanhua,Zhang Yanping and Wu Zhanhui 2015, 31 (34):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060073 Abstract + ( 1823 )   PDF ( 568KB )   ( 434 ) Taking tomato ‘Fengshou’ as test material, an experiment was carried out with a system of enclosed inorganic substrate intelligent circulation trough supplying nutrition cyclically, in order to explore the effects of different amounts of nutrient supplying per plant in a certain period of time on greenhouse tomato growth, yield and quality. The results showed that T3 (amount of nutrient supplying was 4.5 L/plant) had the highest organic acid and soluble sugar content, and the difference among the other 5 treatments had statistical significance. T4 (amount of nutrient supplying was 6.0 L/plant) had higher plant height, weight per fruit, yield, soluble solids and Vc content, the difference of Vc content was more obvious, soluble solids had small differences among the treatments. When tomatoes grew 135 days, plant height of T4 was 24.4% higher than that of T6, which had the lowest plant height. In the whole fruit growth stage, the yield and weight per fruit of T4 was 29.0% and 9.5% higher than that of T1. Vc and soluble solids content of T4 were 34.3% and 10% higher than that of T1, the organic acid and soluble sugar content of T3 were 17.8% and 27.1% higher compared with that of T1. As a result, more and less amount of nutrient supplying was not conducive to increase the yield and improve the quality of greenhouse tomato. Both the yield and quality of greenhouse circulation trough tomato were better when the amount of nutrient supplying was kept between 4.5 to 6.0 L/plant in two hours.

  Effect of N P K on Growth Index of Biennial Asparagus Li Baohua,Yu Jiqing,Mou Meng,Zheng Hongxia and Zheng Xin 2015, 31 (34):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2032 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 477KB )   ( 414 ) In order to find out the relationship between the yield of asparagus and the amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, a pot experiment was done, in which the authors adopted the optimum design method of the tri-factor quadratic saturation D and made a preliminary research on the optimum fertilizer structure for the biennial asparagus. By analysis, a mathematic model of the relationship between the growth index of the biennial asparagus and the amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer was established. By the model, the authors clarified the relationship between the main factor effect, the single factor effect, the marginal effect, the interaction effect and the biennial asparagus growth index. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimum quantity of fertilizer in the first year was pure nitrogen 425.595 kg/hm2, P2O5 290.595 kg/hm2, and K2O 116.325 kg/hm2.

  Technical Research on Cotton Stalks as Pleurotus ostreatus Culture Substrate Xie Wenqiang,Zhou Tingbin,Peng Xuewen,Wu Zhihui and Chen Na 2015, 31 (34):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060099 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 419 ) In order to expand the sources of Pleurotus ostreatus culture substrates and reduce the production cost, we analyzed the nutritional components of the cotton stalk powder, selected and identified the best fineness of pulverization, optimum formula and optimum variety. Then a complete set of techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation with cotton stalk powder was formed successfully. So the best fineness of pulverization was 14 mm, the optimum formula was cotton seed hull 25.5%, cotton stalk powder 59.5%, bran 10%, cotton seed meal 4%, cottonseed oil 1%, added 2% lime, and the ratio of material to water was 1:1.7. The optimum Pleurotus ostreatus variety was ‘Suyan NO.1’. With large-area experiment and demonstration, the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus was the same as that cultivated with the cotton seed hull culture material, and the benefits were higher than that cultivated with cotton seed hull culture material.

  Study on Watermelon Pruning Density and Nitrogen Phosphorus Interaction Mathematical Model and Optimum Combination Scheme Guo Song,Liu Shengfeng,Yu Rong,Tian Mei,Li Cheng,Wang Zhiqiang and Dong Rui 2015, 31 (34):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050131 Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 401 ) The study aims to promote the development of watermelon industry in Ningxia and solve the problems of water resources and fertilizer waste caused by unreasonable irrigation and fertilization, in order to control the incidence of watermelon disease, and improve the yield and quality of watermelon. An experiment of four factors and five levels of quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was carried out, and a mathematical model was constructed with the yield as the objective function, and pruning, density, the application amount of phosphorus and application amount of nitrogen as 4 factors of dependent variables. The research results showed that the main factors’ effect on yield had an order as: density, nitrogenous fertilizer, pruning, phosphate fertilizer; while factor interaction effect on yield had an order as: pruning×density, P×N, pruning×P. In conclusion: with 2-3 vine pruning, pure nitrogen fertilizer of 150 to 180 kg/hm2, P fertilization (P2O5) of 150 to 180 kg/hm2 and density of 80000 plants/hm2, the output could reach more than 60000 kg/hm2 and the agronomic measures combination scheme could be regarded as the optimal. The scheme can reduce the utilization of water resources and fertilizer, and provide the theoretical basis for the cultivation of watermelon industry in Ningxia.

  Effects of Cadmium Stress on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Photosynthesis in Melon Seedlings Zhang Yongping,Shen Ruogang,Yao Xueqin and Chen Youyuan 2015, 31 (34):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060050 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 929KB )   ( 395 ) The experiment was carried out on ‘Hamilv’ and ‘Xiulv’ in climate chambers and substrates to investigate the effects of cadmium stress on growth, antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthesis of melon seedlings in order to explore the possible mechanisms of cadmium tolerance of melon. The results showed that, with the increasing cadmium concentration, melon-seedling growth, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal limitation (Ls) decreased; meanwhile, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) increased significantly. The plant growth and photosynthetic apparatus of ‘Hamilv’ were less affected than that of ‘Xiulv’. Antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content first increased, then decreased with the increasing concentration of cadmium. Proline content of ‘Hamilv’ increased significantly, meanwhile, the proline content of ‘Xiulv’ increased first followed by a decrease. With the increasing cadmium concentration, MDA content and O2·- producing rate increased and ‘Hamilv’ were less affected than ‘Xiulv’. These findings suggested that there was significant genotypical difference in melon in response to cadmium toxicity.

  Analysis of Biomass Composition and Accumulative Properties of Microelements of Almond Yang Bo,Che Yuhong,Guo Chunmiao,Xu Yeting,Tudi·Maimaiti,Gong Peng and Chen Chunsheng 2015, 31 (34):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060101 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 494KB )   ( 405 ) The study aims to provide a scientific basis for the microelements fertilizer application to almond. With the way of thoroughly probing and decomposition sampling, field experiments were conducted to analyze the character of biomass composition, microelements content and its accumulation properties in different parts of Yarkan almonds which were about 9 years old. The results showed that: the total dry biomass of almond was 112.13 kg/plant in which new vegetative organs of the year accounted for 14.14%, fruits accounted for 7.72% and old vegetative organs accounted for 78.14%. The contents of B, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu from new vegetative organs (leaf, treetop, kernel, shuck, crust, radicel) were more than that from old vegetative organs (limb, trunk, taproot, branch root), but most of them were distributed and cumulated in the old vegetative organs. The accumulative amount of B, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu of almond were 3115.56 mg/plant, 2167.36 mg/plant, 14242.71 mg/plant, 3039.86 mg/plant and 519.12 mg/plant, respectively. To obtain 1000 kg dry matter of fruits, almonds must absorb B: 227.27 g, Zn: 155.87 g, Fe: 526.73 g, Mn: 163.56 g, Cu: 36.08 g.

  Introduction Performance and Cold Resistance Analysis of Several Grape Rootstocks Li Pengcheng,Li Ming,Guo Shaojie,Su Xuede and Zhang Lianjie 2015, 31 (34):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050057 Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 565 ) The aim was to study the cold adaptability of several grape rootstocks. In this study, five one-year-old grape rootstocks, such as ‘Beida’, ‘No.1 Sunward’, ‘SO4’, ‘5BB’, and ‘No.3 resistant rootstock’ were used as test materials. The botanical characteristics and growth characteristics were investigated, conductivity, water loss rate, germination rate and other indicators were determined, and the cold adaptabilities of various rootstocks were analyzed. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of different grape rootstock leaves and shoots were various. ‘Beida’ had the highest shoot growth rate. The cutting survival rate and transplant survival rate of ‘No.3 resistant rootstock’ were 74% and 79%, respectively, which were lower than that of the other rootstocks; the cutting survival rate and transplant survival rate of ‘Beida’ were significantly higher than that of other stocks, and had strong adaptability in the northern region of Xinjiang. The comprehensive evaluation result of cold resistance was as follows: ‘Beida’> ‘No.1 Sunward’ > ‘5BB’>‘No.3 resistant rootstock’> ‘SO4’. The result of this study provided a theoretical reference for variety improvement and the use of improved varieties of rootstock.

  Variation Analysis of Seedling Growth of Macadamia Hybrid Tao Li,Ni Shubang,He Xiyong,Chen Lilan,Zhang Haiwen,Xiao Xiaoming,Tao Liang and Kong Guanghong 2015, 31 (34):  98-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050086 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 554KB )   ( 411 ) In order to investigate the transmission heredity of Macadamia sp. plant growth, 10 Macadamia clones were used as materials, 90 cross combinations were obtained with direct crossing and reciprocal crossing, and seedlings of 90 full-sib families were obtained. Variation analysis was carried out in aspects of seed diameters, seedling height, basal diameter and crown width. The results showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the seed diameter from 10 female parents. And also there was significant difference (P<0.05) or extremely significant difference (P<0.01) in the seed diameter from 9 male combinations corresponding to one female parent. This indicated that seed size depended on its female parent, but also was affected by male parent. Variation analysis of the seedling height, basal diameter and crown width showed that there was significant difference among full-sib families and among half-sib progenies family of female parents (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in that of male parents. Although gene from both parents played a role in the growth of seedlings, variation percentage to be affected by female parent was larger than that from male parents.

  Effect of Regulation on Lemon Flowers and Fruits by Pinching off Shoots andPruning Branches in Spring Flowering Fruit Li Jinxue,Liu Hongming,Yang Hongxia,Li Jing,Gao Junyan,Du Yuxia,Peng Manxiu and Yue Jianqiang 2015, 31 (34):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050091 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 795KB )   ( 506 ) In order to provide scientific basis for yield increase and regulating of blooming time of lemon, the authors studied the regulating of blooming time by pinching off shoots and pruning branches. A field experiment was carried out by pinching off shoots and pruning branches in the blossom. The number of flowers on branch with leaves and flowers on branch without leaves, the number of young fruits on branch with leaves and without leaves, the number of leaves on branch and individual yield were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the number of flowers on branch with leaves and flowers on branch without leaves had no significant difference, and different methods had significant impact on young fruits on branch with leaves and without leaves. The number of young fruits on branch with leaves and without leaves were significantly different compared with the control treatment when the physiological fruit drop completed, the maximum was pruning erasing-top, the second was erasing-top and the least was control treatment. Different methods had less effect on the number of leaves on branch and no significant difference. The individual yield was significantly different compared with the control treatment, and the individual yield order was pruning erasing-top, erasing-top, control treatment in the same year. The individual yield of erasing-top increased by 45.0% and 33.8% compared with that of CK in 2010, 2011, the individual yield of pruning erasing-top increased by 86.2% and 71.9%. In overall consideration, pruning erasing-top was the best treatment.

  The effect of scion length and plant time on bayberry survival rate and growth 朱建军 and 马志方 2015, 31 (34):  115-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030088 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 490KB )   ( 450 ) In order to improve the survival rate and scion utilization, the effect of different scion length and plant time on bayberry survival and growth were researched in 2014. The survival rate of shorter grafting (5 - 6 cm) and long grafting (8 - 12 cm) were 87% -88% and 89%-90% respectively when the bayberry trees were planted after grafting 6 d-12 d. There were no significant differences. The survival rate were down to 20.2%-21% when they were planted after grafting 1 d. Rainy weather is bad for survival. Grafting breeding can be greatly improved with short ones when scions are not enough.

  Discrimination of Eight Carnations by FTIR Spectroscopy Yu Haichao,Liu Gang,Ou Quanhong,Ma Dianxu and Li Huimei 2015, 31 (34):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050023 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 810KB )   ( 586 ) In order to distinguish 8 kinds of carnation, 40 samples were studied by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The result showed that, the infrared spectra of 8 kinds of carnation were similar, but significant differences in wave-numbers and absorption intensities of peaks were observed in the range of 1800-700 cm-1. The second derivative spectra in the range of 1800-700 cm-1 were selected to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The contributing rates of the first three principal components had reached 96.2%. The classification accuracy of PCA and HCA was 95% and 100%, respectively. It is demonstrated that fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) could be used as a means for the identification of different carnation varieties.

  Studies on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Chorophytum bichetii Zhou Di,Liu Kelin,Wei Zunzheng,Wang Xian and Xiong Min 2015, 31 (34):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050095 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 578KB )   ( 510 ) The techniques of the tissue culture and rapid propagation of Chorophytum bichetii were studied. The quality and the induction rates were higher by optimizing test periods and the mediums. The results showed that the stems and terminal buds as explants could be induced to sterilized shoots. The sterilization rate in March was higher, and the stems and terminal buds were 74.7% and 82.7%. With MS as basic culture medium, different concentrations of plant growth regulator 6-BA and NAA, KT were added to induction, proliferation and rooting. The results indicated that 6-BA 2 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L was the suitable medium for explants induction of cluster buds; 6-BA 2 mg/L KT 0.2 mg/L was the best medium for multiplication, and the multiplication coefficient could reach up to 5.1; 1/2MS NAA 0.1 mg/L was the optimizing medium for rooting, and the rooting rate could reach to 100%. The survival rate of young plants was over 99% after they were transplanted in peat and perlite at the ratio of 2:1. Anomaly plants problem in tissue culture of Chorophytum bichetii could be effectively solved by the control of the cytokinin concentration, and throwing off the unhealthy plants. The above results would provide scientific basis for micro propagation of Chorophytum bichetii.

  Comparison of Appearance Quality of Three Kinds of Mixed Turf 2015, 31 (34):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060070 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 525 ) To determine the best combination of mixed turf under the climatic condition in Kunming, three combinations were set up to evaluate the appearance quality by NTEP. Combination 1 consisted of 70% tall fescue, 20% bluegrass and 10% perennial ryegrass; combination 2 consisted of 50% tall fescue, 40% bluegrass and 10% perennial ryegrass; and combination 3 consisted of 30% tall fescue, 60% bluegrass and 10% perennial. The results showed that score of combination 3 (6.97) was the highest. Integrated analysis indicated that using bluegrass as constructive species, tall fescue as accompanying species and perennial ryegrass as pioneer species was suitable to construct turf in Kunming.

  Disinfection Efficiency of Mulching Film on Nursery Land of Tea Cutting Propagation in Summer Wang Wenjie,Lei Pandeng,Wu Qiong,Fang Wuyun and Bao Xinmin 2015, 31 (34):  133-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050160 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 830KB )   ( 398 ) In order to raise tea seedlings by cutting nursery on original soil instead of paving subsoil on seedbed, a test was implemented by covering mulching film on nursery land at some periods in summer to kill harmful microorganisms in the surface soil by hot humid air under the film in sunny days. The temperatures of the surface and the 5 cm depth under the film were observed after covering the film. The maximum temperature of the surface under the film in sunny days could reach 65.0℃, and that at the 5 cm depth could be up to 54.2℃. Under laboratory conditions, the soil sample was treated under the temperature which was observed under the film. As a result of continuously and intermittently high temperature circulation, more than 95% of the fungi in the surface soil were killed when the soil temperature was (50±1)℃ at the 5 cm depth and lasted two hours per day for 7-10 days. Meanwhile, the growth of other harmful microorganisms was inhibited. After 5 months of cuttage, the healing ratio in seedbed with mulching film was 82.9%, the seedling rate was above 55.1%, which was equal to that in the seedbed with paved subsoil. Furthermore, the direct cost could be cut for more than ￥15000 per hectare. Therefore, mulching film in summer can be widely used for the disinfection of tea cuttage soil.

  Analysis of Quality Differences Among Fenghuang Dancong Tea in Different Altitude Ranges Tang Hao,Tang Jingchi,Cao Junxi,Zhou Bo,Li Jianlong and Cai Jiao 2015, 31 (34):  143-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060056 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 732KB )   ( 495 ) In order to study the biochemical features that constituted tea quality differences of Fenghuang Dancong tea from different altitude ranges, the authors selected 5 Baxian Dancong mature tea gardens located at altitude of 300-1100 m in Chao’an County Fenghuang Town for study, made finished tea samples according to the same process, and conducted comparative analysis of biochemical composition of the finished tea and soil nutrient content differences from different altitude ranges. The results showed that differences of biochemical ingredients content between high mountain tea (elevation 800-1000 m) and medium mountain tea (elevation 500-700 m) were smaller. Content of tea polyphenols, tea pigment, caffeine, theobromine, gallic acid, theanine, aspartic acid, proline, glutamic acid and xylose, mineral elements of boron, zinc, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, copper and sulfur, and aroma components of hotrienol, trans-nerolidol, cis-jasmone, α-pinene, β-ionone, benzaldeh-yde, safranal etc. of high (medium) mountain tea were significantly higher than those of low mountain tea (elevation 300-400 m). Polyphenols, theaflavins, caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, gallic acid and aroma substances content such as alcohol, olefins, aldehydes, alkanes and esters were positively correlated with altitude. Soil nutrients and regional climate factor were the main reasons for the formation of Fenghuang Dancong tea quality regional differences. Soil of high (medium) mountain tea garden had higher organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were moderately balanced, and there were high mineral elements contents of calcium, magnesium, manganese, fluorine and selenium, indicating that soil properties were an important factor in the Fenghuang Dancong tea quality.

  Study on Introduction Adaptability of Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica Hao Lihong,Chen Yan and Yu Xiaonan 2015, 31 (34):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060027 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 978KB )   ( 504 ) As important garden application flower materials, F. imperialis and F. persica have not only high ornamental value but also bulbs which are big, strong and easy to be cultivated. In order to select the ornamental fritillary varieties which are adapt to the climate of Beijing and could be cultured in the open, the research of introduction adaptability was conducted on 6 fritillary varieties which were introduced from the Netherlands. Some indexes of fritillaries were observed, such as the phenophase, growth indexes, morphological characteristics and flowering characteristics, etc. The result showed that the varieties of ‘Rubra Maxima’, ‘Premier’ and ‘Ivory Bell’ could be directly applied in Beijing; ‘Maxima Lutea’ and ‘Adiyaman’ needed to be further domesticated, because their cultivation characters were not stable. The ‘Aruora’ also needed to be further domesticated, although its germination rate was very high, the flowering rate was not high and it had only a vegetative growth. Maybe it had not adapted to the local climate conditions.

  Effect of Temperature and Moisture Condition on Seed Germination of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch Chen Xiaona,Qiu Daiyu,Li Yanjun and Zhang Lei 2015, 31 (34):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050177 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 692KB )   ( 446 ) Seed germination characteristics at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25℃) and water conditions (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) were studied to explore the suitable temperature and moisture condition, in order to provide basic information and improve seed germination rate of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The germination delay, germination potential, germination rate and the moldy rate were tested as germination indictors. The results showed that the germination delay in treatments of (15℃, 20%), (20℃, 15%/25%) and (25℃, 20%/25%) were 3 d which was shorter than that in other treatments. The germination potentials in treatments of (25℃, 15%/20%/25%) were significantly higher than that in other treatments. It showed that Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch seeds geminated quickly at high temperature and high moisture condition. Seed germination rate reached the highest level which was 92.00% at (25℃, 20%). The moldy rate was lower in treatments of (25℃, 10%/20%) than that in others. The above indicators suggested that suitable temperature and moisture condition for seed germination of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch were 25℃ and 20%.

  Study on Allelopathy and Identification of Allelochemical in Rhizosphere Soil of Polygonatum Xiao Lan,Liu Yingjiao,Xu Bei,Yu Yafei and Liu Tasi 2015, 31 (34):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070050 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 714KB )   ( 484 ) The relationship of continuous cropping obstacle and allelopathy of Polygonatum was studied through the biology tests of soil extracting solution and the isolation and identification of organic compounds. Extracting method was used to prepare rhizosphere soil extracting solution of Polygonatum, indoor biological assay method was used to measure allelopathy and GC-MS was used to identify the organic compounds. The results showed that the rhizosphere soil extracting solution of Polygonatum could significantly inhibit the rhizome spore germination rate, seedling height and root fresh weight, and with the increase of extraction solution concentration, the inhibition was enhanced. 24 kinds of compounds were identified in the extracting solution, including organic acids, ketones, aldehydes and so on, many of which had been reported to be allelochemicals. Rhizosphere soil extracting solution of Polygonatum had obvious allelopathy on rhizome spore germination rate and seedling growth, and the self-poison effect had dependency on concentration, indicating that allelopathy was the reason that caused continuous cropping obstacle of Polygonatum.

  Effects of Different Positions in Greenhouse and Number of Inoculating Aphids onBreeding of Aphids and Aphidius gifuensis Mu Shaodong,Zhu Zijiang,Deng Zhaoquan,Li Bikuan,Sun Jian,Liao Yong,Diao Chaoqiang,Jiang Guanghua and Chen Binglin 2015, 31 (34):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060132 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 403 ) The study aims to verify the breeding rules of aphids and Aphidius gifuensis under different positions in greenhouse and number of inoculating aphids. ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as the main test material, the experiment of different positions in greenhouse and number of inoculating aphids on breeding of aphids and Aphidius gifuensis was conducted at flue-cured seedling house in Xinfeng(107°01′33.2″E, 27°17′16.6″N), Nanmudu Town, Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province in 2015, to explore the effects of different positions (forepart and rear) in greenhouse and number of inoculating aphids (20,40, 60 piece/plant) on breeding of aphids and Aphidius gifuensis. The results showed that accumulated temperature, mean daily temperature, mean daily highest temperature of the forepart (3-4 row) were higher than that at the rear (9-10 row) of the greenhouse, but mean daily humidity of the forepart was lower than that at the rear. The number of aphids and Aphidius gifuensis breeding at the rear was more than that of the forepart, and 40 piece/plant was the maximum, followed by 20 piece/plant, 60 piece/plant was the minimum. The agronomic characters of tobacco plant at the rear were better than that of the forepart in greenhouse, and became worse with the increase of the number of inoculating aphids. The rear of the greenhouse is conducive to the production increase of aphids and Aphidius gifuensis, and also to the growth and development of tobacco, and the number of inoculating aphids with 40 piece/plant is advisable, 20 and 60 piece/plant are adverse to the breeding of aphids and Aphidius gifuensis.

  Identification of Chinese Cabbage Cultivars’ Resistance to Clubroot Disease from Taibai County, Shaanxi Province Li Ning,Zhao Limin,Yu Zhaojun,Chen Honghong and Hui Maixia 2015, 31 (34):  173-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050073 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 443 ) This study aims to clarify physiological races and the level of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Chinese cabbage cultivars. Williams system was used to identify the main physiological races of P. brassicae collected from main disease regions in Taibai County. The resistance of thirty two Chinese cabbage cultivars to clubroot disease was evaluated under field conditions in Taibai County and artificial inoculation conditions in greenhouse. The results indicated that the strain of pathogens was race 7 in this region. Five cultivars including ‘Baimutian’, ‘Jinjiangjun’, ‘Jinshan’, ‘Xingchun’ and ‘Zhonglianjinbao’ were resistant to race 7 in Taibai and the average disease index was zero. These cultivars could be used as predominant species and breeding materials in clubroot infected regions of Taibai in Shanxi Province.

  Change of Disease Related Substances Content in Branches During the Process of Valsa ceratosperma. Liu Fei,Tan Yi,Wang Yi,Wu Ting and Zhang Xinzhong 2015, 31 (34):  177-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050148 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 534 ) To elucidate the physiological mechanism of the resistance to apple canker, one-year-old apple branches of the moderately resistant accessions ‘French 8’ and ‘Gao 5’, the susceptible cultivars ‘Whitney’ and ‘Red Fuji’ and highly susceptible cultivars ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden delicious’ were inoculated in vitro with mycelia of Valsa ceratosperma isolate 03-8. Zero to seven days after the inoculation, the changes in polyphenols, salicylic acid and lignin were detected. The results indicated that 0-7 days after inoculation, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid increased significantly, but only the content of chlorogenic acid was negatively correlated with Valsa canker lesion length (r=-0.906). After inoculation with mycelia, salicylic acid and lignin contents in the cortical tissue significantly increased, the content of salicylic acid and lignin was significantly and negatively correlated with Valsa canker lesion length (r=-0.825; r=-0.948). Therefore, the increase of salicylic acid, lignin and chlorogenic acid in apple was correlated with the resistance to Valsa ceratosperma.

  Threshold of Carposina iponensis Walsingham Control Feng Xiaojie,Yang Zhongyan,Li Jingyu,Liu Fushun,Xi Guocheng,Liu Chunqin and Wang Qinglei 2015, 31 (34):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100048 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 774KB )   ( 404 ) The aim of our experiment is to clarify the correlation of the accumulative moths caught and the rate of fruit injury in harvesting time, and the threshold of Carposina niponensis Walsingham control, thus to provide evidence for Carposina niponensis Walsingham prevention. In the non-experiment site of jujube yard, we randomly placed 3 self-made Carposina niponensis traps and recorded the captured adult amount to analyze the occurrence dynamics of Carposina niponensis Walsingham. According to the captured adult amount, when the accumulative amount moths caught changed greatly in different phenological periods, we covered the fruit with about 500 fine gauzes and investigated the rate of fruit injury during the picking time. When we detected a big fluctuation of accumulative moths caught, we delayed the spray of 1% emamectin benzoate-chlorfenapyr EC and 40% phoxim EC for 3-4 days. After spraying, we covered the fruit with about 500 fine gauzes and investigated the rate of fruit injury. Then we analyzed the results with SPSS 17.0 data processing system, and compared the correlation of the accumulative moths caught and the rate of fruit injury by using Excel 2007. Carposina niponensis Walsingham in Cangzhou Jujube Orchard had one generation a year, born in late June, peaked in late July, and ended in the middle of September. The accumulative moths caught had a positive correlation with the rate of fruit injury (P＜0.05). In the natural growing jujube orchard, the comprehensive data for two years was Y= -0.000001X2 0.008X 3.342(r2= 0.874, P＜0.05); in the chemical control condition, the comprehensive data for two years was Y=-0.000002X2 0.006X 0.179(r2=0.890, P＜0.05). After stable fruit setting, if we carry out spraying when the number of the accumulative moths caught is no more than 15, the rate of fruit injury will be less than 2% .

  Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Citrus Black Spot Zheng Yuru,Lin Xiuxiang,Wu Ying,Wang Meisheng,Lin Xiaolan and Luo Jinshui 2015, 31 (34):  193-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070122 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 547 ) Through plate-method, 18 antagonistic bacteria strains against Phyllosticta citriasiana were isolated from 19 samples collected from the orchard of Guanxi honey pomelo in Pinghe, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. Results showed that strain BC12 had the highest antagonistic activity with the inhibition rate of 55.84%. The strain BC12 exhibited extensive antagonistic effect on 3 other honey pomelo pathogens, Sphaceloma fawcetti, Colletotrichum gleosporioides and Mycosphaerella cirri. Based on 16S rDNA sequence homology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and morphological observation, the strain was identified as Bacillus pumilus.

  Study on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in the Resistance of ‘Jingyu’ to Strawberry Anthracnose Zhang Peng,Zeng Xiangguo,Han Yongchao,Xiang Fayun and Gu Yucheng 2015, 31 (34):  197-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050005 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 393 ) In order to research the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the resistance of a new strawberry cultivar ‘Jingyu’ to anthracnose, we used ‘Jingyu’ as a research object and the high-anthracnose-resistant strawberry cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’, anthracnose-susceptible strawberry cultivars ‘Toyonoka’ and ‘Benihoppe’ as controls to investigate the changes of the content of total soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the leaves of the four strawberry cultivars at different times after inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results showed that the content of total soluble proteins, MDA and vitamin C and the activity of SOD, POD, CAT in the leaves increased firstly and then decreased in a 96 hours range. The content of soluble total protein and MDA, as well as the activity of SOD and POD showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strawberry cultivars. The MDA content of the leaves reduced as the resistance strengthened and the activity of CAT increased as the resistance strengthened. These results indicated that the resistance of ‘Jingyu’ to anthracnose was related to the low MDA content, the high content of total soluble proteins and the high activity of SOD, POD and CAT.

  Study on Introduction of TaNHX2 Gene to Enhance Salt Tolerance of Populus sp. Wang Yixue,Du Jianzhong,Hao Yaoshan,Zhang Huanhuan,Qin Yongjun,Wu Jiahe and Sun Yi 2015, 31 (34):  203-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060142 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 1848KB )   ( 453 ) Zhonglinmeihe is an elite variety of Populus sp. which is fast-growing, and has high yield and high quality of timber. It is important for afforestation programs in the development of China’s western regions. To enhance salt tolerance and widen adaptability of Populus sp. in northwest China, TaNHX2 gene was introduced into the variety through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with explants of leaf and petiole. Based on PCR and Southern blotting analyses, most transgenic plants showed one copy of insertion of the target gene. Under various concentrations of NaCl treatment, transgenic poplar plants exhibited obvious resistance to salt stress. All in all, transgenic poplar plants with salt tolerance could facilitate afforestation and achieve high yield in northwest China.

  Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Antioxidant System of CbPLDα and CbPLDβ Transgenic Tobaccos Chen Xia,Li Yishen,Qiu Yizhi,He Wenping and Yang Ning 2015, 31 (34):  209-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060098 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 804KB )   ( 397 ) To study the physiological response of Chorispora bungeana CbPLDα and CbPLDβ transgenic tobacco to low temperature, the authors used 4℃ and 0℃ temperature stresses to reveal the role of CbPLDα and CbPLDβ in low temperature resistance in plants. The results showed that the content of MDA, the activity of SOD and APX increased under 4℃ treatment, while the activity of POD and CAT decreased with the time. However, under 0℃ treatment, the content of MDA, the activity of CAT and APX decreased with the time, while the activity of SOD and POD increased. Under the cold stress, the activities of POD, SOD and CAT in transgenic tobacco plants were obviously higher than those in the non-transgenic tobacco plants. The contents of MDA in transgenic tobacco plants were obviously lower than those in the non-transgenic tobacco plants. The results showed that the over expressing of CbPLDα and CbPLDβ gene improved the cold resistance of tobacco.

  Proteomic Analysis of Banana Seedling Leaf Response to Low Temperature Sun Yong,Wang Dan,Tong Zheng,Yang Qian,Chang Lili,Wang Limin,He Liping and Wang Xuchu 2015, 31 (34):  216-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040093 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 1435KB )   ( 492 ) Banana is one of the very important economic crops in tropical area of China, and the banana industry has been seriously affected by chilling often. Clarifying the molecular mechanism of banana plants in response to low temperature stress could provide the research basis for cultivating and screening relatively cold resistant banana varieties. Comparative proteomics was applied to analyze the differential expression proteins of banana seedling leaves which were exposed at 7℃ for 0, 3, 5, 7 days, and the expression of 85 protein spots was found to be obviously affected by low temperature, finally 82 proteins out of them were identified by mass spectrum. These identified proteins were mainly involved in protein synthesis process, protein posttranslational modification, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and photosynthesis. The results suggested that the banana seedling leaf might regulate carbon and energy metabolism through the expression pattern change of photosynthesis which was related to enzymes, and carbohydrate which was associated with energy metabolism enzyme to ensure the supply and absorption of carbon nutrients, and also improve the ability of low temperature resistance by superoxide dismutase scavenging system. The results could provide new clues for the study of the molecular mechanism of low temperature resistance of banana, and new candidate proteins for the breeding of cold resistant strain of banana.

  Study for Nitrogen Phosphorus Phtassium Combined Leaching Agent Hu Xiaoning,Yang Zhangqing,Su Weibo,Zhang Yuming and Duan Tiecheng 2015, 31 (34):  229-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040181 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 481 ) To meet the rural grassroots’ needs of low-cost, personalized and quick testing soil for formulated fertilization, solve the problem that the available nitrogen can not be determined by using the existing universal soil extractants in humble conditions or when the mobile services, study a combined soil extractant that can be used for calcareous or neutral soil to leach nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the same time. On the base of soil chemistry, using correlations analysis method, this study presents the combined leaching agent is made with sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfate so that it can be applied to the ready fertilizer technology system easily. Study results show that using it can shorten more than two-thirds of leaching time, and the correlations between speed measurement values and conventional test value are extremely significant (a=0.01). And the testing cost for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of soil is reduced more than tenfold by using it on XUNJIE soil rapid detection. It is suitable for the application of soil testing and fertilization in the grass or mobile service vehicles as it can meet the rural grassroots’ needs of low-cost, personalized and quick testing soil for formulated fertilization.

  Impact of Tobacco Waste as Organic Fertilizer on Nutrient Content of Tobacco-Planting Soil Zhu Yi,Qi Shaowu,Jin Huiyong,Lv Shuji and Jiang Qijin 2015, 31 (34):  234-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070175 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 513KB )   ( 396 ) The study aims to investigate the effects of tobacco waste as organic fertilizer on nutrient content of tobacco-planting soil. By comparing the influence of the organic fertilizer produced by tobacco waste and that of the special tobacco chemical fertilizer on tobacco-planting soil and the effect of different amounts of organic fertilizer on tobacco-planting soil improvement, the authors measured the impact of the organic fertilizer produced by tobacco waste on the content of organic matter, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. The result showed that the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium presented a direct proportion relationship with the organic fertilizer content. In the meantime, organic fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. When the organic fertilizer proportion was 50%, nutrient content of tobacco-planting soil increased significantly and accorded with the soil condition for producing high quality tobacco leaves. The experiment proved that the organic fertilizer produced by tobacco waste could improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil fertility, improve tobacco quality. It could also reduce chemical fertilizer use simultaneously, thus to protect the soil environment and realize the recycling of waste tobacco.

  Effect of Several Organic Fertilizers on Economic and Quality Traits of Burley Tobacco Huang Wenchang,Wang Yi,Wu Chenglin,Qin Guangjiong,Zhou Yongbi and Huang Guohong 2015, 31 (34):  239-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050056 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 535KB )   ( 425 ) In order to improve the efficient use of organic fertilizer and the quality of burley tobacco, field experiment was conducted to study the effects on growth, economic traits and quality of tobacco leaf by using different gradient organic fertilizer of NEB-26 root application type, Riqing and Banghe 10% substitution nitrogen organic fertilizer on burley tobacco. The results showed that the tobacco smoking quality with the application of NEB-26 organic fertilizer was better than that of CK, the conventional chemical composition had good coordination, TSNAs (tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines) and NNN(N’-Nitrosonornicotine) were low, but with the amount of nitrogen decrease, the economic traits of tobacco significantly reduced. The tobacco smoking quality with the application of Riqing and Banghe 10% organic fertilizer was worse than that of CK, and had heavy mixed gas，the conventional chemical compositions had good coordination, routine chemical components were suitable and in good coordination, TSNAs and NNN were low, economic traits were slightly low.

  Effect of Different Foliage Spray Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Garlic Shao Xiuli,Chen Xingxing,Zhang Shenpu and Yang Hongli 2015, 31 (34):  244-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100063 Abstract + ( 736 )   PDF ( 514KB )   ( 535 ) Abstract: 【Objective】In order to solve the problem of the growth retardation,decreased soil temperature and the yield and quality decreased by irrigation and fertilizing at returning green stage.【Method】Using the Different Foliar Fertilizers on sale in Henan as research subject, Studied the effect of different Foliage Spray Fertilizers on Growth ,Yield and Quality of Garlic by field-plot experiment.The results obtained that the application of different spraying solutions could increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in garlic bulb and improve the inner quality and the growth of plant. The yields of garlic bulb were respectively increased by 1.91%-17.25% compared with CK. The combined application of foliar fertilizers had greater effects than the treatment of leaf fertilizer. Besides the treatment of Qiqifa Haiweishi Shibaili was the highest which was about 20176.81 kg/hm2, and compared to the water control, the yield increased by 17.25%.

  Effects of Continuous Application of Different Kinds of Basic Fertilizers on Tea Plantation Soil Physicochemical Properties 2015, 31 (34):  248-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060024 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 466KB )   ( 369 ) This paper intended to guide the selection and application of tea plantation basic fertilizer through revealing the defects of long term application of single type fertilizer. Effects of three kinds of fertilizers applied as basic fertilizers, viz. cake fertilizer, inorganic compound fertilizer and amino acid organic fertilizer on the soil physicochemical properties of tea plantation were investigated for three years. Results indicated that the three fertilizers could decrease the pH value, increase content of the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, and ameliorate soil structure and tea quality, but couldn’t made content of magnesium meet the hight quality tea garden soil index. After comprehensive comparison, it suggested that cake fertilizer showed least effect on soil pH value, but more impact on the accumulation of soil organic matter with significance, as well as most effect on the improvement of total free amino acid with great significance. Taken together, cake fertilizer could be applied as a desirable base fertilizer in tea plantation, and magnesium fertilizer was recommended to be applied with basic fertilizer.

  Correlation Analysis of Cultivated Land Quality and Grain Production Level:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province Zhu Chuanmin,Huang Yadan and Shuang Wenyuan 2015, 31 (34):  253-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090099 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 442 ) In order to analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between cultivated land quality and grain production level, and find the approaches to improve grain production capacity based on cultivated land quality, conversion coefficient (IQ) was established with the help of GIS. And classification of cultivated land quality was converted into the comparable comprehensive quality. By studying the current situation of cultivated land quality and grain production, their classification types were obtained. According to the types, comprehensive patterns of “cultivated land quality - production level” were constructed. The results showed that the conversion coefficient of cultivated land quality in Jiangxi Province ranged from 3.56% to 4.67%. Three types of cultivated land quality and grain production were obtained. The province could be divided into seven comprehensive patterns including low quality-low production area (LQ-LP), low quality-middle production area (LQ-MP), et al. At last, some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the aspect of ecological environment, natural conditions and social economy input were put forward aiming at the existing problems.

  Analysis on the precipitation characteristics in multiple scales in Xi 2015, 31 (34):  257-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100055 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 1210KB )   ( 393 ) In order to study the precipitation characteristics and future trend in Xi’an, the data of different grades of precipitation and the days of precipitation in Xi’an from 1951 to 2013 were analyzed with linear regression, Mann- Kendall detection, R/S analysis and ARIMA model. The conclusions are as follows: (1) different grades of precipitation, including light rain，moderate rain，heavy rain and the above, and the total rain all showed a decreasing trend from 1951 to 2013, with a decreasing rate of - 7.3, - 2.6, - 3.0 and -13.6 mm/10 a respectively; except for moderate rain, different grades of precipitation and the total precipitation reduced suddenly in the late nineteen sixties to seventies; (2) the days of light rain and total rain showed a decreasing trend, with a decreasing rate of -3.3 and -3.6 d/10 a respectively, and reduced suddenly in the late nineteen eighties, especially reduced at 0.05 significant level after the late nineteen nineties; the days of heavy rain and the above appeared periodical increase and decrease; (3) in the future, the precipitation and the days of light rain, heavy rain and the above, and the total rain will continue to decrease; the persistent strength will perform as light rain＞the total rain＞heavy rain and the above, but the moderate rain will increase. Hurst Index experiment can be used to detect the moment of mutation or significant change. The relative prediction error of future annual precipitation and precipitation days by ARIMA model is less than 20%, so it can be used for the short-term precipitation prediction.

  Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Hours and Cause Analysis in Shifang in Recent 52 Years Liu Kangping 2015, 31 (34):  264-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090072 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 768KB )   ( 381 ) To provide scientific basis for the use of agro-climatic resources in Shifang and the reasonable arrangement of agricultural production, based on methods such as Mann-Kendall model and statistics as well as the monthly and yearly data of sunshine duration and the related factors in Shifang from 1961 to 2012, the author studied the variation characteristics of sunshine duration in that period. The result showed that: (1) the annual sunlight ratio demonstrated a significant reduction on the whole (tendency rate: -47.3 h/10 a), which was patently seen from the beginning of the 21st century and was mostly significant in summers with the tendency rate of -27.9 h/10 a; and the variation of monthly sunshine hours was characterized by a single peak; (2) the sunshine duration showed an abrupt change (significant reduction) in summers and winters as well as on a whole-year scale; (3) the annual sunlight ratio was positively correlated with the number of sunny days and the amount of precipitation, and negatively correlated with the average temperature; the significant reduction of sunshine hours at sunrise and sunset was relevant to the increase of obstacles and angle of elevation.

  Effects of Loading Modes on Tobacco Leaf Quality in Bulk Cured Barn Zhao Gaokun,Zhu Shan,Zheng Zhiyun,Tian Yunwei,Wu Zhonghua,Zhao Huawu,Cui Guomin and Huang Wei 2015, 31 (34):  269-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060003 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 479KB )   ( 415 ) In order to compare the effect of different loading modes on tobacco leaf quality, ‘K326’ was used as material, 4 loading modes (clamp, loose leaf, box-type and culm) were compared. The results showed that: (1) loading modes of clamp, loose leaf and box-type could decrease the cost of curing by 11.78%; (2) the proportion of middle & upper level of tobacco leaves and average price of cured tobacco leaves of clamp and loose leaf mode were consistent with that of culm, the proportion of smooth leaves cured by box-type and loose leaf was higher than that of culm; (3) the leaves cured by culm had a better appearance; (4) the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves met the standard of high quality flue-cured tobacco of loose leaf, box-type and culm mode; (5) the sensory quality of tobacco leaves cured by culm mode was better than that of clamp, loose leaf and box-type mode.

  Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Process for Balsam Pear Saponin Zhang Wujun,Huang Yingzhen and Zhang Yucan 2015, 31 (34):  273-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050186 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 879KB )   ( 544 ) This research optimized the ultrasonic extraction process for balsam pear saponin to get an extraction method with more convenience and higher efficiency, and could serve as a reference for saponin content comparison among different varieties of balsam pear and industrial production. Single factor experiment was used in preliminary screening the ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic time and liquid-material ratio for defining appropriate optimization scope, and response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was employed in the process optimization designing and experiment. The results showed that under the condition of 400 W ultrasonic power, 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency and 70% ethanol extraction, the optimum extracting condition of total saponin in balsam pear was as follows: the extracting temperature was 60℃, the extracting time was 23 min, the liquid-material ratio was 16:1. The optimized ultrasonic extraction process uses less time and obtains high yield. The saponin content of ‘Ruyu 45’ balsam pear can reach 6.86% with the optimized extracting process.

  Evaluation Model Construction of Drying Processing Suitability of Xinjiang Grape Xie Hui,Zhuang Lai,Zhang Wen,Guo Chunmiao,Fan Dingyu,Pan Mingqi,Wu Xinyu and Lu Chunsheng 2015, 31 (34):  278-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010105 Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 382 ) The study aims to construct a drying processing suitability evaluation model, and provide theoretical basis for suitable drying grape variety selection. The authors took 105 grape varieties as research objects and investigated 14 physicochemical and sensory indexes such as soluble solid content, reducing sugar and vitamin C. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were adopted to simplify the evaluation index. The authors calculated the weighted value for physicochemical index by principal component analysis method, and endow weighted value for sensory indexes by experts’ assessment, then used weighted value results to construct an evaluation model. The results showed that: through index simplify analysis, five indexes (soluble sugar, titratable acid, pectin, cellulose and tannin) were selected as representative physicochemical index, combined with 4 sensory indexes as color, single weight, aroma and seeds, the drying processing suitability evaluation model Y=120×0.6×(0.44X1 0.22X2 0.15X3 0.1X4 0.09X5) 0.1(X6 X7 X8 X9) was constructed, the indexes X1 to X9 respectively represented soluble sugar, titratable acid, tannin, pectin, cellulose, color, single weight, aroma and seeds. The expert evaluation validated the evaluation model, showing that the prediction result of the evaluation model could reflect the processing suitability of dried grapes effectively.

  Development of the Compound Beverage of Dandelion, Selfheal and Wild Chrysanthemum Flower Cai Jianxiu,Gu Yaqing and Li Qiaohong 2015, 31 (34):  284-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040088 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 619KB )   ( 529 ) With dandelion, selfheal and wild chrysanthemum flower as the raw materials, the compound beverage processing technology was studied to explore the stability of the compound beverage. Through orthogonal experiment and sensory evaluation, the best proportion of the raw materials, and the best formula with proper ingredient proportion and stability were obtained, the quality of the compound beverage was determined by aluminum nitrate spectrophotometry (rutin standard), phenol-sulfuric acid method, refractive method and descriptive study and other research methods. The result showed that the optimum formula for the soft drink was as follows: dandelion juice 2%, selfheal juice 55%, wild chrysanthemum flower juice 43%, sugar 12%, citric acid 0.16%. The total content of flavonoids and polysaccharides of the compound beverage were 0.89 mg/mL and 95.45 mg/mL, respectively. Besides, its soluble solid was 8.6% and pH 3.30(25℃).