Abstract: The paper aims to explore the correlation and the primary and secondary relations of cucumber fruit traits, and comprehensively evaluate cucumber varieties, thus to provide a reference for screening excellent parents. The variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation were carried out on twelve fruits traits of forty-nine cucumber germplasm resources. The results showed that there was abundant variation among the fruits traits of cucumber, the variation coefficient ranged from 8.98% to 38.41%, and the highest was found for melon to grow and the least was found for fruit ventricular number. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlations among the fruits traits. In the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate was up to 82.609% of the first 4 principal component factors. The first principal component was fruit longitudinal diameter factor which included fruit shape index, fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape, the second was yield factor which included fruit weight, fruit transverse diameter and grain weight per plant, the third was spines color factor, the fourth was ventricle number factor. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the selection of the first principal component and the second principal component in the process of cucumber variety improvement, then was the third principal component, and the fourth principal component could not be used as an important selection trait.