Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield of Potato

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0449

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the influence of organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of potato soil, the experiment adopted the potato continuous planting mode and set 3 fertilization treatments, namely: single fertilizer application (T), organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (YTF 1/2) and full amount of organic fertilizer (YTF). The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of potato field soil and potato yield changed under different fertilization treatments, among which the most obvious changes were found in soil indexes of soil bulk density, porosity, saturated water conductivity and available phosphorus. Compared with T treatment, YTF treatment could significantly reduce soil bulk density by 16.8% (P<0.05) and increase soil porosity by 12.7% and the saturated conductivity by 25.3%, and YTF treatment could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content by 43.0%. However, the differences of soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium among all the treatments were not significant. Meanwhile, compared to T treatment, YTF treatment could also significantly increase the content of soil aggregates. YTF and YTF 1/2 treatment could increase potato yield by 24.6% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with T treatment. Therefore, applying organic fertilizer could not only improve soil structure and soil physical properties, but also increase yield and income.

Key words: chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, soil physical properties, soil nutrients, yield

CLC Number:

Ma Wenjun, Wu Jun, Song Xuefeng, Wang Yuesheng, Cai Liqun. Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield of Potato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(15): 87-91.

Figures/Tables 8

References 19

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代码	耕作	施肥	备注
T	传统模式	马铃薯专用900 kg/hm² (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=18:10:15),全地面撒施。	播种前深翻耕30 cm,并捡除残膜;应用全膜单垄垄上微沟播技术（全地面覆盖,垄宽70 cm,高20 cm,垄中开深5~8 cm小沟,每垄播种2行,见图1）。
YTF(1/2)		马铃薯专用肥1/2用量,有机肥3000 kg/hm² (N-P₂O₅-K₂O≥5%),覆膜时均匀撒施于垄中20~30 cm深。
YTF		有机肥6000 kg/hm² (N- P₂O₅-K₂O≥5%,有机质含量≥70%),覆膜时均匀撒施于垄中20~30 cm深。

代码	耕作	施肥	备注
T	传统模式	马铃薯专用900 kg/hm² (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=18:10:15),全地面撒施。	播种前深翻耕30 cm,并捡除残膜;应用全膜单垄垄上微沟播技术（全地面覆盖,垄宽70 cm,高20 cm,垄中开深5~8 cm小沟,每垄播种2行,见图1）。
YTF(1/2)		马铃薯专用肥1/2用量,有机肥3000 kg/hm² (N-P₂O₅-K₂O≥5%),覆膜时均匀撒施于垄中20~30 cm深。
YTF		有机肥6000 kg/hm² (N- P₂O₅-K₂O≥5%,有机质含量≥70%),覆膜时均匀撒施于垄中20~30 cm深。

处理	容重/(g/cm³)	孔隙度/%
单施化肥(T)	1.25a	52.75b
有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)	1.20a	54.83b
全量有机肥(YTF)	1.07b	59.44a

处理	容重/(g/cm³)	孔隙度/%
单施化肥(T)	1.25a	52.75b
有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)	1.20a	54.83b
全量有机肥(YTF)	1.07b	59.44a

处理	pH	有机碳/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
单施化肥(T)	8.40a	14.10a	1.17a	0.99a	45.67a	30.57b	121.03a
有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)	8.42a	14.17a	1.11a	0.98a	47.63a	35.22ab	125.40a
全量有机肥(YTF)	8.39a	14.35a	1.12a	0.95a	51.17a	43.71a	131.90a