International Advances in Research on Echeveria

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0356

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of genus Echeveria by introducing its international research situation. This study discussed the distribution of genus Echeveria abroad, summarized the current classification of the genus Echeveria, introduced the main characteristics of each series, summed up the research on cytology, breeding and cultivation of genus Echeveria abroad, and reviewed the studies of the pathogenesis of 4 common diseases of genus Echeveria and its function in the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases and contraception. At last, the problems in the classification and application of genus Echeveria were pointed out, and the research and industrial development direction of genus Echeveria in China were discussed.

Key words: Echeveria, classification, cultivation, disease, medicinal

CLC Number:

Xu Li, Chen Yini, Gao Ling. International Advances in Research on Echeveria[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(16): 37-42.

Figures/Tables 1

References 52

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序号	系列名称	茎		莲座		叶片		花序	萼片		花冠
1	Echeveria	茎中到长		莲座小型到中型,通常很松散		叶10~25片,微柔毛到多毛		1个穗状花序或对称总状花序,通常被短柔毛,偶有退化为1朵花	萼片近等长,姿态直立到平展		花冠长10~30 mm,侧面有沟
2	Nudae	长茎		莲座小型到中型		叶10~25片,无毛或多瘤		花序总状花序,偶尔穗状花序	萼片近等长,姿态向上至反卷		花冠长20~25 mm,侧面有沟
3	Spicatae	长茎		莲座几乎不成莲座状排列		叶20~50片,通常分散,狭长,无毛		紧凑的穗状花序或总状花序	萼片和苞片通常着色,有时超过花冠的长度		花冠长10~30 mm,五边形,侧面平坦
4	Racemosae	基本无茎,少数茎中等长		莲座小型到大型,大部分无柄		叶15~50片,大多紧凑,无毛,偶尔被短柔毛		花序总状花序,花梗通常纤细	萼片不等长或近等长,姿态向上至反卷		花冠长7~20 mm,侧面有沟至微凸
5	Mucronatae	基本无茎,少数茎中等长;根为块根		莲座中等大小		叶15~25片,小,无毛,边缘急尖,通常透明或有瘤,常在开花后枯萎		花序穗状花序或近总状花序,花梗2 mm长	萼片不等长,姿态直立到平展		花冠长6~18 mm,侧面凸到有沟
6	Ciliatae	茎短至中长		莲座近无柄,中等大小		叶25~170片,短柔毛到无毛		花序1~10个,总状花序或圆锥花序,通常被短柔毛	萼片等长,姿态向上		花冠长10~16 mm,侧面有沟
7	Paniculatae	茎短,根非块根		莲座近无柄,小型		叶25~40片,棒状		2至多个蝎尾状花序,聚伞-圆锥花序,花梗纤细	萼片等长,短		花冠长5~10 mm,筒状,花瓣薄
8	Urbiniae	茎短,几乎无茎;根非块根		莲座近无柄,小型到中型		叶20~100片,密集,小,无毛,通常有白霜		花序1~2或更多蝎尾状花序,偏向一侧的总状花序,花梗纤细	萼片不等长,姿态向上到反卷		花冠长7~14 mm,瓮形,扁平到圆形
9	Longistylate	茎短,几乎无茎		莲座中型		叶大约30片,无毛		花序上有1~2根蝎尾状花序,花梗较长	萼片等长,姿态平展		花冠长30 mm,圆形,五边形,花柱长2 cm
10	Valvatae	茎短,几乎无茎,根非块根		莲座近无柄,中型		叶15~45片,叶相当薄,叶缘急尖		花序多数单生,具覆瓦状苞片和短花梗	萼片约与花冠等长,姿态直立或上升		花冠长7~11 mm,五边形,侧面平坦,花瓣镊合状
11	Secundae	几乎无茎,根非块根		莲座近无柄,通常群生,小型到中型		叶25~60片,密集,无毛,小,通常有白霜		花序上有1~2根蝎尾状花序,花梗较长	萼片不等长,姿态向上到平展		花冠长8~15 mm,卵球形到角锥形,侧面有沟,花瓣龙骨状,较钝
12	Chloranthae		茎短,几乎无茎		莲座近无柄,中型		叶40~70片	花序多数单蝎尾状花序,具覆瓦状苞片,短,花梗粗壮		萼片明显不等长,姿态向上		花冠长8~11 mm,五角形平坦,花瓣龙骨状,较钝,绿色
13	Pruinosae		茎短		莲座中型		叶片45~55片,小到中,表面有很多白霜或边缘细圆齿状,尖端阔急尖	花序上有1~3根蝎尾状花序,花梗短		萼片不等长,姿态向上		花冠长8~14 mm,侧面有沟,花瓣厚,明显的龙骨状
14	Angulatae		茎短,几乎无茎,根通常较厚		莲座近无柄,中型		叶10~50片,小而窄,常有沟	花序1至数根蝎尾状花序,花梗极短到长		萼片不等长,紧贴到微反卷		花冠长10~17 mm,侧面有沟,花瓣厚,明显的龙骨状。
15	Occidentales		茎短,几乎无茎,根非块根		莲座近无柄,中型		叶20~50片,小到中	花序上有多个蝎尾状花序分枝,通常分枝多		萼片等长,姿态向上		花冠长9~13 mm,五角形,侧面平坦,花瓣较薄
16	Thyrsiflorae		茎短,几乎无茎,根为块根		莲座无柄,中型到大型		叶12~25片,无毛,边缘急尖。有时透明的或有瘤,通常在开花后枯萎	花序聚伞圆椎花序状,或近总状花序,且为有限花序		萼片不等长,姿态向上		花冠长10~16 mm,侧面有沟
17	Gibbiflorae		茎短或中等长		莲座中型到大型		叶12~60片,中到大,无毛	花序2至数个蝎尾状聚伞花序,一个圆锥状聚伞花序,分叉出蝎尾状聚伞花序,很少被短柔毛		萼片不等长,姿态向上到平展		花冠长10~30 mm,五边形,侧面平坦至有沟

序号	系列名称	茎		莲座		叶片		花序	萼片		花冠
1	Echeveria	茎中到长		莲座小型到中型,通常很松散		叶10~25片,微柔毛到多毛		1个穗状花序或对称总状花序,通常被短柔毛,偶有退化为1朵花	萼片近等长,姿态直立到平展		花冠长10~30 mm,侧面有沟
2	Nudae	长茎		莲座小型到中型		叶10~25片,无毛或多瘤		花序总状花序,偶尔穗状花序	萼片近等长,姿态向上至反卷		花冠长20~25 mm,侧面有沟
3	Spicatae	长茎		莲座几乎不成莲座状排列		叶20~50片,通常分散,狭长,无毛		紧凑的穗状花序或总状花序	萼片和苞片通常着色,有时超过花冠的长度		花冠长10~30 mm,五边形,侧面平坦
4	Racemosae	基本无茎,少数茎中等长		莲座小型到大型,大部分无柄		叶15~50片,大多紧凑,无毛,偶尔被短柔毛		花序总状花序,花梗通常纤细	萼片不等长或近等长,姿态向上至反卷		花冠长7~20 mm,侧面有沟至微凸
5	Mucronatae	基本无茎,少数茎中等长;根为块根		莲座中等大小		叶15~25片,小,无毛,边缘急尖,通常透明或有瘤,常在开花后枯萎		花序穗状花序或近总状花序,花梗2 mm长	萼片不等长,姿态直立到平展		花冠长6~18 mm,侧面凸到有沟
6	Ciliatae	茎短至中长		莲座近无柄,中等大小		叶25~170片,短柔毛到无毛		花序1~10个,总状花序或圆锥花序,通常被短柔毛	萼片等长,姿态向上		花冠长10~16 mm,侧面有沟
7	Paniculatae	茎短,根非块根		莲座近无柄,小型		叶25~40片,棒状		2至多个蝎尾状花序,聚伞-圆锥花序,花梗纤细	萼片等长,短		花冠长5~10 mm,筒状,花瓣薄
8	Urbiniae	茎短,几乎无茎;根非块根		莲座近无柄,小型到中型		叶20~100片,密集,小,无毛,通常有白霜		花序1~2或更多蝎尾状花序,偏向一侧的总状花序,花梗纤细	萼片不等长,姿态向上到反卷		花冠长7~14 mm,瓮形,扁平到圆形
9	Longistylate	茎短,几乎无茎		莲座中型		叶大约30片,无毛		花序上有1~2根蝎尾状花序,花梗较长	萼片等长,姿态平展		花冠长30 mm,圆形,五边形,花柱长2 cm
10	Valvatae	茎短,几乎无茎,根非块根		莲座近无柄,中型		叶15~45片,叶相当薄,叶缘急尖		花序多数单生,具覆瓦状苞片和短花梗	萼片约与花冠等长,姿态直立或上升		花冠长7~11 mm,五边形,侧面平坦,花瓣镊合状
11	Secundae	几乎无茎,根非块根		莲座近无柄,通常群生,小型到中型		叶25~60片,密集,无毛,小,通常有白霜		花序上有1~2根蝎尾状花序,花梗较长	萼片不等长,姿态向上到平展		花冠长8~15 mm,卵球形到角锥形,侧面有沟,花瓣龙骨状,较钝
12	Chloranthae		茎短,几乎无茎		莲座近无柄,中型		叶40~70片	花序多数单蝎尾状花序,具覆瓦状苞片,短,花梗粗壮		萼片明显不等长,姿态向上		花冠长8~11 mm,五角形平坦,花瓣龙骨状,较钝,绿色
13	Pruinosae		茎短		莲座中型		叶片45~55片,小到中,表面有很多白霜或边缘细圆齿状,尖端阔急尖	花序上有1~3根蝎尾状花序,花梗短		萼片不等长,姿态向上		花冠长8~14 mm,侧面有沟,花瓣厚,明显的龙骨状
14	Angulatae		茎短,几乎无茎,根通常较厚		莲座近无柄,中型		叶10~50片,小而窄,常有沟	花序1至数根蝎尾状花序,花梗极短到长		萼片不等长,紧贴到微反卷		花冠长10~17 mm,侧面有沟,花瓣厚,明显的龙骨状。
15	Occidentales		茎短,几乎无茎,根非块根		莲座近无柄,中型		叶20~50片,小到中	花序上有多个蝎尾状花序分枝,通常分枝多		萼片等长,姿态向上		花冠长9~13 mm,五角形,侧面平坦,花瓣较薄
16	Thyrsiflorae		茎短,几乎无茎,根为块根		莲座无柄,中型到大型		叶12~25片,无毛,边缘急尖。有时透明的或有瘤,通常在开花后枯萎	花序聚伞圆椎花序状,或近总状花序,且为有限花序		萼片不等长,姿态向上		花冠长10~16 mm,侧面有沟
17	Gibbiflorae		茎短或中等长		莲座中型到大型		叶12~60片,中到大,无毛	花序2至数个蝎尾状聚伞花序,一个圆锥状聚伞花序,分叉出蝎尾状聚伞花序,很少被短柔毛		萼片不等长,姿态向上到平展		花冠长10~30 mm,五边形,侧面平坦至有沟