Welcome to Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 64-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0339

Special Issue: 生物技术 小麦

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Water and Fertilizer Utilization Characteristics of Winter Wheat Under Different Yield Levels

WU Zhibin1,2(), HUANG Chao1,3, LEI Yuan1,3, JING Feng1,3, LIU Zhandong1()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Its Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002
    2Xinxiang Soil & Fertilizer Working Station, Xinxiang, Henan 453002;
    3Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-03-31 Revised:2021-08-04 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-04-06
  • Contact: LIU Zhandong E-mail:303783737@qq.com;liuzhandong@caas.cn

Abstract:

According to the requirement characteristics of different winter wheat yields on fertilizer in Huang-Huai-Hai area, formula fertilization was carried out to simulate different yield levels of winter wheat and study the characteristics of growth and development as well as water and fertilizer utilization under different yields, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and application of fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Base of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2018 to 2019. We set four yield levels, including 7.50 t/hm2 (C0), 8.25 t/hm2 (C5), 9.00 t/hm2 (C10) and 9.75 t/hm2 (C15), with no fertilization as control (CK). The results showed that all the indicators of the plant height, SPAD, ear number per hectare, ear length, grains per ear, 1000-grain weight and biomass of winter wheat increased with the increase of yield, while the invalid spike number decreased. Compared with those of CK treatment, the plant height, SPAD, ear number per hectare, ear length, grains number per ear, 1000-grain weight and biomass of C15 treatment increased by 17.8%, 69.1%, 68.6%, 15.3%, 16.5%, 17.3%, 34.9%, respectively, and the harvest index was 53.2%. With the increase of yield, the water consumption of winter wheat increased significantly, and water use efficiency (WUE) showed an upward trend. Water consumption and water use efficiency of C10 increased by 22.8% and 9.9%, respectively. After harvest, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil of C10 treatment increased significantly compared with those before sowing, while those of C15 treatment decreased significantly. Fertilizer contribution rate increased significantly with the increase of yield, but the partial productivity of fertilizer decreased significantly. The increase of winter wheat yield mainly depends on high ear number per hectare and dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period. Considering the yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat, the C10 treatment is considered to be the best one.

Key words: winter wheat, water consumption, water use efficiency, fertilizer utilization, yield

CLC Number: