Abstract:

Nitrogen is one of the three major nutrients required for plant growth, and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are the two main nitrogen forms absorbed by plants. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen play different roles in plant growth. Plants mainly absorb nitrate nitrogen through roots to meet the needs of nitrogen in the growth process, and convert it into synthetic raw materials for bioactive substances such as amino acids and proteins. At the same time, nitrate nitrogen participates in the synthesis of chlorophyll and promotes photosynthesis. Ammonium nitrogen can also be absorbed by plant roots and used for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids in plants, and the absorption rate of ammonium nitrogen is fast, which can meet the rapid demand of plants for nitrogen. Due to the different growth characteristics of plants, the utilization efficiency of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen by plants is different. The genotype and environmental factors of plants will affect their ability to utilize different nitrogen forms, forming that some plants prefer nitrate nitrogen, while others prefer ammonium nitrogen. In this paper, the related research progress was reviewed from three aspects: the influencing factors of soil nitrogen form and transformation, the mechanism of nitrogen absorption by plants and the prospect of efficient nitrogen cycle and transformation, so as to provide technical and theoretical reference for scientific research such as nitrogen fertilizer regulation and soil ecological restoration in crop production.

Key words: nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, carrier transport, absorption mechanism