Abstract: Based on the theory of ecological footprint and Ulanowicz development capacity, Ecological supply/demand and development ability in Chizhou City of Anhui Province from 1996 to 2004 were analyzed. The results showed that in 1996—2004, ecological footprint decreased from1.1906 hm2 per capita to1.8433hm2 per capita, while ecological capacity per capita decreased from 0.6759hm2 to 0.6430hm2, with an increased ecological deficit year after year, development ability increased from 1.3047 to 2.3793; There existed a severe imbalance in supply and demand of ecological economics system., illustrating that human load has already stayed beyond Chizhou’s ecological capacity, and the Chizhou’s natural ecosystem is under great pressure of human activities. and As a whole, the ecological footprint per ten thousand yuan GDP declined in the 9 years, indicating that resources use efficiency was improved gradually. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the economic development and resources distribution, some strategies were put forward.