Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.21 Published:25 August 2011

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  Study Progress on Functions and Affecting Factors of Soil Enzymes 2011, 27 (21):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1387 )   PDF ( 616877KB )   ( 2342 ) In order to study the sources, functions and affecting factors of soil enzymes, prospect the development of soil enzyme, soil enzyme research progresses at home and abroad were analyzed and summarized. Soil enzymes are mainly from soil microbial activity, soil plants and animals. Soil enzymes are metabolic power of soil organism, they play an important role in the material cycle and energy flows of the soil ecosystems. Soil enzymes are biological activity of soil quality and can evaluate soil fertility. Soil enzyme activities are significantly related to soil nutrients, soil animalcule, plants, fertilizer, farming and other agricultural management practices, pesticides and heavy metals pollutions can also affect soil enzyme.

  Research Progresses of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration 2011, 27 (21):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 580050KB )   ( 1310 ) Understanding the potential of cropland soils to restore soil organic carbon (SOC) would help to evaluate the contributions of cropland soils as a C source or C sink and assess the influence of cropland soils to global warming correctly. Investigation of SOC storage and loss is one of the global front-ledge research areas. However, there were many uncertainties about SOC dynamics in soil system, which brought difficulties to determine the potential of cropland soils to restore C. Based on discussing the basic theory of SOC sequestration, this paper summarized the research of SOC sequestration and it’s affecting factors.

  Advances on the Mechanisms of Phospholipase D Regulating Stress Tolerance of Plants 2011, 27 (21):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 576739KB )   ( 1113 ) Phospholipase D is not only a kind of important hydrolytic enzymes, but also a kind of important enzymes in signal transduction of biological membrane. In this review, the recent advances on phospholipase D of plants, including the classification of phospholipase D family, biochemistry characteristics of different PLDs, and their distinct function and the mechanisms to stress tolerance were discussed.

  QTL Mapping and Gene × Environment Interaction Analysis of the Height of Plant in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2011, 27 (21):  18-21.  Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 581040KB )   ( 1086 ) Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene × environment interaction were used to research the height of plant from a RIL (recombinant inbred lines) including 130 lines deriving from Milyang 46 and FJCD during the grain-filling. This research work carried in Wuyishan and Putian. In Wuyishan, two additive QTLs were located on chromosome 1, 2, in which the main effect qPH-2-5 explained 26.2% of the phenotypic variation; in Putian, four additive QTLs were detected, located on chromosome 2, 2, 2, 6, and explained 20.61% of the phenotypic variation. After GE interaction analysis, two background QTLs had significant additive × environment interaction effects and explained 17.36% of the phenotypic variation. This study reveals the law of quantitative genetics on the height of plant in a way, and provides theoretical basis for molecular breeding.

  Simple Analysis of Physiological Factors about Phenomenon of Rice Spike Develop Abnormality in Jianghuai Hilly Land in Anhui Province 2011, 27 (21):  22-27.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 620347KB )   ( 1058 ) The phenomenon of rice spike develop abnormality, has caused a serious reduction of rice grain yield, or even the phenomenon of serious economic losses of farmers, in Jianghuai Hilly Land in recent years. This paper briefly describes the symptoms and characteristics of the occurrence of the phenomenon of rice spike develop abnormality, and briefly analyzes the impact of the physiological factors and other factors in this phenomenon, and several suggestions. For which the author briefly introduces the symptoms and characteristics of the phenomenon of rice spike develop abnormality, from the rice 'glume mutant', mature male and female sex organs hypoplasia inconsistent, underdeveloped sex organs of male and female spikelets fertilization process can not be completed, ear disorders caused by nutritional way to stop development of the ovary or other physiological endosperm factors on rice spike develop abnormality, in a brief analysis of the impact, and from high temperature, heavy metal toxicity and unbalanced conditions of soil moisture and other external factors on rice spike develop abnormality, in a brief analysis of the impact. According to the occurrence of the phenomenon rice of spike develop abnormality, the author gives some suggesting on the choosing of rice varieties, reasonable planting, fertilizing and other aspects of science-related proposals.

  Windspeed Distribution of the Top of Rice Canopy Based on Isolated Cloth’s Protection 2011, 27 (21):  28-31.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 589181KB )   ( 901 ) In order to fix the effect of gene flow of transgenic rise, the author designed a field experiment using isolated cloth’s protection and researched the windspeed distribution in the top of canopy in and out the protected region .The results showed that on the leeward the change law of windspeed in different wind angle of 1 m high seems basally the same, in 1-2.5 H (H meaned the height of isolated cloth, 2 m) windspeed reduction within the region the most, followed 2.5-5 H region, and in the 5-10 H windspeed reduction within the region relatively small; with the wind angle increases, the wind speed decreased slightly lower level. On the windward side, 1 m high windspeed in different wind angle reduced the maximum at 2.5 H, up to 60%-70%. The isolated region as a whole was reduced 1 m high wind speed, windspeed distribution was smaller closer to isolated cloth and larger in the middle of isolated plot. Thus the isolated cloth protection could obviously reduce the windspeed inside and outside the isolate area and effectively reduced the spread of pollen from the transgenic rice.

  Analysis of Storage Proteins in Ukrainian Common Wheat 2011, 27 (21):  32-38.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 773234KB )   ( 1071 ) In order to make better use of Ukrainian wheat varieties, understand the quality of introduced species, the HMW-GS and gliadin subunits compositions of 16 wheat cultivars from Ukraine were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE. The results showed that a total of seven subunit combinations were examined on Glu-1 loci, and (1, 7+8, 5+10) were the major combination type with frequencies of 37.5%, followed by combinations (1, 2+12, 6+8) and (1, 7+9, 5+10), the frequencies were 18.75%. Three kinds of HMW-GS on Glu-A1 were examined, the frequency of 1 was the highest (75%). There were three kinds of HMW-GS on Glu-B1, and subunits 7+8 were the major types with frequencies of 43.75%. Three types were detected on Glu-D1, and 5+10 appears more frequently (68.75%). Aspects of gliadin, 33 gliadin band patterns were encoded by Gli-1 locus and there were 41 protein bands with different mobility. 6, 5, 5 alleles were at Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, and there were 6 ,5, 6 alleles at Gli-A2, Gli-B2, Gli-D2. Good-quality gliadin alleles Gli-B1b was the most frequencies alleles (43.75%). Maybe these varieties can be used as a valuable material for breeding.

  Quantitative Analysis of Chlorophyll in Wheat Leaf Based on Reflection Spectroscopy and Transmission Spectroscopy Using Portable Spectrometer 2011, 27 (21):  39-43.  Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 692094KB )   ( 1013 ) Both reflection spectroscopy and transmission spectroscopy data were recorded by HR4000 high-resolution portable spectrometer and leaf folder with built-in tungsten halogen light source. Using a variety of pretreatment methods on the spectral data pre-processing, mathematical models between reflection spectroscopy, transmission spectroscopy and chlorophyll content of wheat leaves were established using partial least squares (PLS) method, respectively. The effect of different pretreatment methods on predicted performance was analyzed. The results showed that the best detection model to predict chlorophyll content in wheat leaves by reflection spectroscopy with 0.950 and 0.926 as the correlation coefficient (r) of calibration and predicted set, 0.1287 and 0.1892 as the standard deviation (SD) of calibration and predicted set, 5.67% and 8.26% as the relative standard deviation (RSD) of calibration and predicted set, respectively. These parameters of the best detection model to predict chlorophyll content in wheat leaves with transmission spectroscopy were 0.846 and 0.880 as the correlation coefficient (r) of calibration and predicted set, 0.2201 and 0.2714 as the standard deviation (SD) of calibration and predicted set, 9.69% and 11.84% as the relative standard deviation (RSD) of calibration and predicted set, respectively. The results indicated that the application of reflection spectroscopy and transmission spectroscopy to quantitative analysis the chlorophyll content of wheat leaf was feasible. Through comparison, the model based on reflection spectroscopy was shown to have better predictability than the model based on transmission spectroscopy. At the same time, it provided an effective way for the quick non-destructive determination of chlorophyll content in leaf.

  Study on Drought-resistance of Wheat Varieties at Germination Stage and Seedlings in Qinghai 2011, 27 (21):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 574587KB )   ( 955 ) In order to provide drought-resistance evidence of wheat breeding in Qinghai, seven wheat cultured varieties in Qinghai were researched on their coleoptile length and germination rate change in germination stage and several biochemical indices (proline, CAT, dissolubility candy) in seedling between control groups and treatment groups (PEG6000 0f 20%). The result indicated that coleoptile of these wheat varieties grew slowly under PEG6000 0f 20%, proline content and soluber sugar content rise, CAT activity rise in seedling. Drought-resistance of seven wheat varieties were ranged according to drought-resistance indexes: ‘Xiaohongmai’ and ‘Abo’ were the best, ‘Lemai5’, ‘Humai11’ and ‘Shanhan901’ were better, ‘Huzhuhong’ and ‘Humai15’ were the worst.

  Effects of Nitrogen Strategies on the Population Changes, Distribution of Grains Per Spike and Yield in Winter Wheat 2011, 27 (21):  49-52.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 533732KB )   ( 1329 ) In order to provide the increasing production for winter wheat, we study the nitrogen strategies and nitrogen needs of wheat growth to be consistent with the best match. Select ‘Zhoumai18’ as material, the effects of nitrogen strategies were studied by the population changes, grain number and yield of wheat. The results showed that the nitrogen strategies technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal can reduce the peak changes in the growth population, effectively improve spike rate and promote full grain and big spike. In the 240 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen conditions, the yield of the nitrogen application technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal increased by 694.5 kg/hm2 and 486.0 kg/hm2 compared with conventional nitrogen model. From the sustainable use of resources and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency, the nitrogen application technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal will be nitrogen strategies technique with high yield and efficiency.

  Sdudy on Sowing Date and Seeding Rate of New Winter Wheat Variety ‘Yannong5158’ 2011, 27 (21):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 557399KB )   ( 1035 ) In order to provide some available cultural practices to provide the high yield and the wide diffusion of ‘Yannong5158’, the effect of sowing time and seeding rate on grain yield, its components and height of plant were researched in field by a variety of sowing the seed rate trials. The results showed that the effect of sowing time was significant on grain yield and its components. The number of spike per hm2, grain yield and were decreased with the delay of sowing time, while increased with the increase of seeding rate in an extent. While the changes of kernels per spike and the kernel weight were opposite to the former, which decreased with the increase of seeding rate. With statistical analysis, 27/9 and 03/10 was not significant, while were extremely significant than other treatments. the variety of similar areas in the pilot sites suitable sowing date around October 1, in the range of suitable sowing time, optimum seeding rate for the 120000 seedlings/hm2 or so.

  Study on the Drought Resistance of Different Maize Locale Varieties of Panxi Area in Germination Stage 2011, 27 (21):  58-63.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 598221KB )   ( 990 ) Using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 for simulating water stress, the drought resistance of 66 maize local varieties was evaluated according to germination index of drought resistance, vigor index of drought resistance, relative germination ratio, transformation percentage of stored substance and 100-grain weight, in seedling emergence experiment. The results indicated that germination index of drought resistance was the primary selecting indicator, and for all completely evaluating the drought tolerance ability other indicators should be used. There was significant difference in drought resistance of 66 maize landraces, and there were 18 resources have strongly drought resistance, and 5 resources display the greatly strengthened drought resistance in many indicators. Screening in the maize local varieties the fine drought-resistant gene resources had been selected, and the theory basis for further drought-resistant breeding had been provided.

  Preliminary Research on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Dry Deposition Flux of Maize Pollen 2011, 27 (21):  64-67.  Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 593782KB )   ( 971 ) In order to make fully understood the distribution of maize pollen deposition on the horizontal and vertical orientations in different atmospheric stratification conditions, the maize pollen dry deposition flux spatial distribution out of the source was analyzed on the basis of the experiment of maize pollen dry deposition test and the corresponding microclimatology observation, and some critical analytical results were found. On the horizontal orientation, the pollen dry deposition flux decreased with the angle increasing between the observation direction and prevailing wind direction, and exponential decreased along with the increasing distance from the source, the inflection distances of dry deposition flux decrease at stable and unstable stratification were 6 m and 10 m respectively. On the vertical orientation, the pollen dry deposition flux decreased with the height. There were no obvious increase or decrease changes of maize pollen dry deposition flux above the heights of canopy at the stable stratification.

  Effect of Phosphorus on the Content of Kernal Isoflavone in Different Soybean Varieties 2011, 27 (21):  68-72.  Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 642358KB )   ( 1043 ) In this study, the effect of phosphorus on the content of kernal isoflavone in different soybean varieties was analyzed. The best phosphorus levels of different genotype soybean varieties were explored, in order to increase the content of kernal isoflavone and improve their qualities. Three soybean varieties (‘Heinong-48’, high-protein cultivar; ‘Heinong-37’, middle cultivar; and ‘Heinong-44’, high-oil cultivar) were investigated. The soybean seeds were planted in pots and fertilized with 0.033 g of nitrogen (N) and potassium oxide (K2O) per kg soil. Four levels of phosphorus (P) treatment were designed, which were P1, P2, P3 and P4 (i.e., 0, 0.033, 0.067, and 0.100 g of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) per kilogram of soil). The content of total kernal isoflavone in different soybean varieties was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results showed that the content of total isoflavone under the P2 treatment was significantly higher than that of P1, P3 and P4 treatment in the same variety of soybean. The content of total isoflavone under the P2 treatment in the three soybean varieties (‘Heinong-37’; ‘Heinong-44’; ‘Heinong-48’) compared to the control group was increased by 3.7%, 4.3%, 3.8%, respectively. It showed that the content of total isoflavone in ‘Heinong-44’ was the highest under the same treatment in different soybean varieties. In the 12 treatment combinations, the content of total isoflavone in ‘Heinong-44’ was the highest under the P2 treatment. Significant differences were observed in the content of isoflavone between the varieties and levels of P treatments. These findings suggest that phosphorus affects the total content of isoflavone in the three soybean varieties, and appropriate amounts of P fertilization might contribute to improving the content of kernal isoflavone.

  High quality buckwheat GAP production management technology research 2011, 27 (21):  73-77.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 600883KB )   ( 1008 ) Abstract: This paper Studied production of the high quality buckwheat GAP, and proposed the standardization production cultivation technology and quality control measures under the suitable ecological condition.

  Production Increasing and Discussion in Theory of Smash-ridging Cultivate Cassava 2011, 27 (21):  78-81.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 514679KB )   ( 1043 ) Planted cassava by smash-ridging cultivation technology, compare with traditional cultivation, ascertain difference at roots, yield, quality and so on, provide the basis for the smash-ridging cultivation. The ‘Huanan205’ and ‘Xinxuan048’ of cassava verities as materials, at maturation period, smash-ridging cultivation and traditional cultivation comparative experiment at the same location for two years, investigate or measure roots, yield, quality and so on. The results showed that, compared with traditional cultivation, smash-ridging cultivation cassava could cause per plant roots rise 23.13%-39.10%, increased length of root from 6.94% to 60.00%, increased root diameter between 8.40% and 13.91%, the yield increased 29.22%-63.78%, and improved quality of fresh cassava, the starch increased 3.23%-18.67%. This paper showed that smash-ridging cultivation can increase the yield of cassava, and improve quality. And discussions “roots as basic theory” of crop cultivation which roots for leading.

  Studies on the Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Cassava During Growing Development LUO Xing-LU 2011, 27 (21):  82-86.  Abstract + ( 1388 )   PDF ( 865043KB )   ( 1517 ) The IAA, GA3, ZR and ABA contents in the root, steam and leaves of cassava varieties ‘SC124’ and ‘Fuxuan01’ were studied. The results showed that the varying tendencies of IAA, GA3 and ZR in the root, steam and leaves were similar between ‘SC124’ and ‘Fuxuan01’. The contents of IAA, GA3 and ZR increased firstly and then decreased in the root; in the steam, the contents of IAA, GA3 and ZR firstly decreased and then increased, and the content of IAA, GA3 and ZR decreased gradually in the leaves. The content of ABA was different to IAA, GA3 and ZR, it increased gradually in the whole growing period. The changes of endogenous hormone content were different in different varieties. The contents of IAA in tuberous roots of ‘Fuxuan01’ were higher than those of ‘SC124’, but there was no significant difference in the latter. There was no significant difference of the contents of GA3 in early growth stage between ‘Fuxuan01’ and ‘SC124’, but the contents of GA3 of ‘SC124’ were higher than those of ‘Fuxuan01’ in middle and late growth stage. There was no significant difference of the contents of ZR in early growth stage between ‘Fuxuan01’ and ‘SC124’, but the contents of GA3 of ‘Fuxuan01’ were higher than those of ‘SC124’ in middle growth stage, and ‘SC124’ was higher than ‘Fuxuan01’ in late growth stage. The contents of ABA in tuberous roots of ‘SC124’ were higher than those of ‘Fuxuan01’ in all growth stage, but on the contrary in leaves. The endogenous hormone contents in tuberous roots, stems and leaves were different in different growth stage. The endogenous hormone IAA, GA3, ZR, ABA contents were different in starch content different varieties.

  Research of Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation System for Economically Important Potato Cultivar Shepody 2011, 27 (21):  87-92.  Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 2240086KB )   ( 941 ) Potato Shepody is economically important potato cultivar for french fries in the world. However, this cultivar exhibits very susceptible to severe environmental stress. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient plant transformation system for potato cultivar Shepody and to obtain transgenic potatoes. Leaf disks, stem segments and minitubers from potato cultivar Shepody were used as receptor materials to compare transformation efficiency with different Agrobacterium tumefaciens content, duration of infection and the proportion of hormones. The results showed that leaf disks was most suitable for the induction of callus and shoots; Leaf disks explants infected by A.tumefaciens strain Agl-0 (OD600=0.5, 10 min) and selected on MS20 containing 1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L zeatin-trans(ZT-t), yielded the highest transformation efficiency with 95% of callus induction and 20% of differentiation. The gene resistant to potato late blight (R1) was introduced into potato through the above transformation system. PCR analysis to the kanamycin-resistant transformants manifested that the R1 gene was integrated into the potato genome.

  Fermentation Conditions Optimization of Antagonistic Bacteria B. velezensis 6-61 Against Verticillium dahliae Kleb 2011, 27 (21):  93-99.  Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 977322KB )   ( 898 ) In order to improve the yield of antagonistic substance produced by B. velezensis 6-61 which has antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae Kleb, the analysis of the properties of antagonistic substance and fermentation conditions optimization of stain 6-61 were studied to provide a basis for further study of the antagonistic mechanism. First, the fermented broth of strain 6-61 was treated by two following methods: extraction with organic solvent and precipitation by ammonium sulfate respectively. The results indicated that the component of strain 6-61 responsible for antagonistic activity was considered as protein. Then, the optimum fermentation medium ingredients, such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources and inorganic salts, were determined by using the single-factor methods. And the optimal medium compositions and other fermentation conditions of antagonistic bacteria 6-61were optimized through 16(44) orthogonal experiment. The final optimization of the medium was obtained as follows: malt sugar 3%, soybean protein peptone 3%, NaCl 0.01%, KCl 0.01%, pH 7.0, inoculation volume 8%, seed culture time 16 h and bottle filling capacity 30 mL/250 mL. In the optimal medium compositions and culture conditions, the inhibition zone diameter of the fermentation liquid could reach 36mm. And the final fermentation medium has more fermentation productions compared with some other common media.

  Status and Analysis of Cotton Fiber Quality Distribution in Hebei and Suggestions 2011, 27 (21):  100-104.  Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 580089KB )   ( 1100 ) In order to stabilize and develop cotton production, improve the fiber quality and satisfy the diversification of textiles industrial, the fiber quality data of cotton samples, which was of 10 maincotton producing area of Hebei Province were taken as the research target with grid spot method in this paper. The distributions of eight fiber quality characters including length, strength, length uniformity, micronaire, etc, were analyzed. It indicated that the cotton fiber length mainly ranged from 26.44 mm to 33.68 mm, the fiber uniformity index ranged from 82% to 84%, fiber strength ranged from 23.0 cN/tex to 32.9 cN/tex, micronaire ranged from 3.31 to 6.12, fiber elongation percentage ranged from 6.0% to 6.9%, and the spinning index ranged from 106.0 to 169.0. Which showed it could satisfy the need of the spinning industry for middle and low spinning. The fiber quality of Hebei was above average levels throughout the country. But these problems was solved by reinforcing macroscopical adjustment, breeding of new cotton varieties, improving the culture of cotton, optimizing the planting distribution, and exploited areas and ecological advantages to the full.

  Study on Canola Yield Simulation in Yangtze River Region under the Impact of Climate Change 2011, 27 (21):  105-111.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 1482769KB )   ( 1319 ) It is necessary to check the potential impacts of climate change on canola production in the future. As one of the three Chinese oil-bearing crops, canola has attracted more and more attentions currently primarily due to the growing importance as a bio-energy crop. Climate change and its impacts have brought great concern to canola production, and Yangtze River region is one of the major canola growing zones in China. We assessed canola production of Yangtze River region using regional climate model (PRECIS) and APSIM-Canola crop model. Rain-fed canola growing was simulated with present climate (BS) (1961-1990), and future (2011-2100) under two climate scenarios (A2 and B2). Combine with multiple regression statistics method, canola production effects which climate change has caused in the past and will possible cause in the future was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Rain-fed canola yield has a negative relation with radiation and temperature, but positive relation with precipitation during squaring - bolting stage and bolting - flowering stage. (2) Future simulations indicated that canola yields per unit field under A2 and B2 were both show downtrend as time going, and the lowest value appeared in 2080-2089. The variability of Rain-fed canola yields showed a growing trend from 2020 to 2089, and the variability of canola yield under A2 was much larger than which under B2 during the same period. (3)Adaptive measurements can be used to relieve the trend of yield reduction such as modifying sowing date and cultivation manner, or changing cultivar of canola.

  The Effects of Different Planting Densities and Fertilizer Rates on Chlorophyll, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Oilseed Rape 2011, 27 (21):  112-116.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 597740KB )   ( 934 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting density and fertilizer rates on dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll and yield of ‘Xiangzayou763’. The results showed that Fertilizer factor was more important than planting density in chlorophyll, dry matter accumulation and yield. The highest yield was 2696.2 kg/hm2 which fertilizer of N, P2O5, K2O, B were 180, 90, 157.5, 0.9 kg/hm2 and planting density was 7.5×104 plants/hm2. Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and dry matter accumulation increased with the increase of fertilizer application under the same plant density at both wintering and flowering stage. The dry matter accumulation decreased with the increase of planting density at wintering and flowering stage under the same fertilizer application, while showed less effect on chlorophyll. Therefore, the treatment which fertilizer of N, P2O5, K2O, B were 180, 90, 157.5, 0.9 kg/hm2 and the planting density was 75×104 plants/hm2 was the best.

  The Effect of Palygorskite Application on Phosphorus Absorption and Dry Matter Accumulation of Radix Hedysari 2011, 27 (21):  117-123.  Abstract + ( 1125 )   PDF ( 690593KB )   ( 854 ) In order to find out phosphorus absorption dynamic and master the law of dry matter accumulation of Radix Hedysari, the field experiment was implemented by combining application of palygorskite and NPK fertilizer in different proportions to make a comparative study. It also could provide theoretical basis of establishing Radix Hedysari GAP base construction. The results showed that the activity accumulative period of P accumulation amount in single plant aerial part of Radix Hedysari was appeared from late July to late August, and the activity accumulative period of P accumulation amount in root was appeared from late August to late September. The dry matter accumulation amount in single plant aerial part of Radix Hedysari under P3 and P2 treatment increased by 53.7% and 49.6%, respectively, compared to CK treatment in late September. Significant binomial correlation existed between the application amount of palygorskite and phosphorus fertilizer agronomic efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer utilization ratio. The dry matter accumulation amount in single plant root of Radix Hedysari under NPK+P3 and NPK+P2 treatment increased by 9.27% and 17.35%, respectively, compared to NPK treatment in late October. The yield of NPK+P3 treatment increased by 17.38%, compared with that of NPK treatment. Timely supply of P should be highly concerned in July and September in Radix Hedysari field. Application of 2250 kg/hm2 palygorskite could significantly promote phosphorus fertilizer utilization ratio of Radix Hedysari, and also increase yield of Radix Hedysari.

  Effect of Cutting Characters to Cultivation on Cutting Plant for Low Branches of Ramie 2011, 27 (21):  124-130.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 596566KB )   ( 905 ) In order to study on the effect of cutting characters to cultivate on cutting plant for low branches of ramie, to obtain the best cultivation pattern. With four ramie varieties of ‘Zhongzhu1’, ‘Xiangzhu3’, Tris-l and the new strain R057 as materials, effect of cutting characters (cutting diameter, cutting length, cutting leaf numbers, cutting depth and cutting density) to survival rate and qualities (root dry weight per plant, stem height increment, branch numbers per plant, minimum and maximum branch bit length and length of branch location) of cutting plant for low branches of ramie were studied. The results showed that the best cultivation method was 0.6 cm cutting diameter, 5-l0 cm cutting length, about 4 cutting leaf numbers, 1.5-3 cm cutting depth and 100 plant per square cutting density had higher seedling survival rate and better quality of ramie seedling. The different cutting characters have important effect to seedling survival rate and quality cutting plant for low branches of ramie.

  Study on Genetic Diversity of Oil Palm Germplasm in China 2011, 27 (21):  131-137.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 2087417KB )   ( 985 ) The study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of oil palm germplasm from DNA molecular level for development and utilization of oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan province. A total number of 201 bands were generated by using 23 ISSR primers for 85 accessions of oil palm germplasm, among which 78.6% of the total bands was polymorphic .The results of cluster analysis based on Nei-Li coefficient revealed that these 85 accessions were divided into different groups according to the locations or sources of oil palm germplasm.

  Optimization and Application of SSR-PCR System for Varieties Identification in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) 2011, 27 (21):  138-143.  Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 1436018KB )   ( 1040 ) A SSR marker detection system for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) by optimizing the amplification reaction components, cycling parameters and the electrophoresis detection was established. DNA samples from five sesame cultivars were used as template for this study. The optimized PCR system contained the following components in a volume of 10 μL: 25 mmol/L Mg2+ 1.2 μL, 10 mmol/L dNTPs 0.3 μL, 5 U/μL Taq polymerase 0.3 μL, 50 ng/μL Primer 0.9 μL, 10×PCR reaction buffer 0.7 μL, 25 ng/μL DNA template 2.5 μL, ddH2O 4.1 μL. PCR amplification was conducted in three phases. Firstly, DNA was denatured for 3 min at 94℃ and then 10 cycles of 94℃ 1 min, 60℃ 30 s and 72℃ 45 s. Secondly, another 30 cycles of 94℃ 30 s, 57℃ 30 s, 72℃ 45 s were performed. Finally, the amplification was ended in 5 min at 72℃. The 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining method were employed for the detecting of banding profile. With the above detection system, 35 SSR markers were screened across 5 sesame cultivars and found that 24 markers could reveal two or more polymorphic bands. The usefulness of the optimized detection system and the set of SSR markers for cultivar identification were verified in the analysis of other 20 sesame cultivars.

  Study on Extracting and Cruor Effect of Malania Oleifera Lectin 2011, 27 (21):  144-146.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 1104839KB )   ( 1020 ) The lectin was extracted from seeds of Malania oleifera. It was precipitated with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% saturation of ammonium sulfate and measured hemagglutination activity for chicken and rabbit erythrocytes, respectively. The result showed that the lectin lower to 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation had hemagglutination activities for chicken and rabbit erythrocytes, but not 100%. Up to 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate enabled to separate lectin from M. oleifera seeds completely. The results proved that the seeds of M. oleifera had agglutination. It was to lay the foundation for development and utilization of M. oleifera lectin.

  No-tillage Stubble with Residues on Soil Respiration and the Soil Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Influence 2011, 27 (21):  147-153.  Abstract + ( 1602 )   PDF ( 730635KB )   ( 971 ) Stubble height was studied with different leave covered the soil respiration and the quantity combination of change, the soil enzyme activity of Inner Mongolia for clear protective cultivation on the Shangtuhaixiang climate change and the influence of soil productivity as well as local farms provide theoretical basis for scientific management. Tests for 2009, a total of three treatment: traditional farming (CT), leave low stubbly half quantity coverage (DH), leave low stubbly total quantity coverage (DW), leave high stubbly half quantity coverage (GH), leave high stubbly total quantity coverage (GW). Static boxes of soil respiration rate determination of farmland, and the hierarchical soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient were determined to clear the region's soil fertility status. Soil respiration rate in jointing stage seasonal variation peak, no-till leave compared with conventional tillage crop cover soil respiration rate was significantly lower stubble height no-tillage same leave covered significant difference, different quantity of no-tillage same cover quantity and leave the difference between different crop height of soil respiration rate was not significant, with straw mulching quantity decreased. Diurnal variation of single-peak curve changes in no-tillage leave high crop total content covers processing and atmospheric temperature and the correlation coefficient was 0.9239. Conventional tillage soil respiration rate and the correlation coefficient for atmospheric temperature, 0.8652 significant related level. No-till leave stubbly cover treatment could greatly improve the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil organic matter, total amount of nutrients, available nutrient content and soil amidohydrolase and oxidation and reduction of the enzyme activity. Soil respiration and total nitrogen and hydrogen peroxide, soil nutrient and outside the enzyme hydrolysis enzyme was a significant or very significant positive correlation between soil organic matter, nutrient and alkaline phosphatase, invertase activity significant positive correlation between levels. No-till crop coverage than traditional farming leave could significantly reduce soil respiration rate. To improve soil surface 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil enzyme activity and soil fertility.

  Study on Filtration of Suitable Krilium in Saline-alkali Soil Amendments 2011, 27 (21):  154-160.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 720431KB )   ( 1142 ) In order to screen out the proper krilium and their proportioning for effectively ameliorating alkaline soil, environmental protection and low cost 6 kinds of krilium were added to test soil for evaluating their effect on amelioration of saline and alkaline by pot experiment, soil total salt content, soil pH value and wheat yield were measured. These dates may provide methodological basis for ameliorating alkaline soil in this region. The results showed that saline water irrigation compared with freshwater irrigation significantly decreased on wheat yield and kernel weight by respective 45.2%, 12.1%, no significantly differences in wheat biomass, root weight, root length and plant height when krilium were not application; The combine application patterns of difference krilium significantly increased by 190.0%, with the highest wheat yield for the combined application patterns of S7 (11.57 spike per pot), at the same time, significant increasing on other index, too. The highest in soil total salt content and soil electric conductivity at depths of >20 cm after wheat harvest, the lowest at depths of 5-20 cm. The saline water irrigation compared with freshwater irrigation significantly increased on soil total salt content and decreased on soil pH value. The highest soil total salt content for the combined application patterns of S4. Wheat biomass, kernel weight showed an extremely positive relationship with wheat yield. There was a negative correlation between the soil pH value and wheat yield.

  The Variation of Soil Organic Matter of Alluvial Soil in Plain Area: A Case of Minquan City in Henan Province 2011, 27 (21):  161-165.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 7679008KB )   ( 787 ) In order to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter about alluvial soil in plain area from 1982 to 2009，enhance the cultivated land utilization efficiency, and realize agricultural sustainable development, the author researched the soil organic matter of Minquan county in Henan Province by using statistics, geostatistics and geographical information system (GIS) .The results judging from the space showed that the content of soil organic matter gradually reduced from east to west in 1982, and the content of soil organic matter generally rose to a level in 2009 compared with the 1982, and the most raising place lied in the centre of the studying area. Judging from the time, along with the improvement of fertilization, the rationalization of planting structure, and the increase of water utilization ratio, the soil organic matter content of this study area generally increased from 1982 to 2009. The average value of the soil organic matter content increased from 6.23 g/kg to 13.19 g/kg, increasing by 111.7%. The results by analyzing the change of soil organic matter content in two different period, could provide guidance to fertilize and plan agricultural structure properly.

  The Legal Protection of Certification Trademarks of Cold Zone Black Glebe Green Products 2011, 27 (21):  166-169.  Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 501198KB )   ( 961 ) The certification trademarks of Cold Zone Black Glebe Green Products are both geographical logos and quality marks, like umbrellas of agricultural products. With the function of displaying quality and the role of commercial signs, the certification trademarks are the rights of property with great commercial value. Only by strengthening the awareness of property rights, registering on time, standardizing their use and fully supervising, can we strengthen the legal protection of certification trademarks of Cold Zone Black Glebe Green Products to ensure and promote the competitive advantage of Cold Zone Black Glebe Economy and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

  Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Planting Density on Group Characters and Yield of Wheat 2011, 27 (21):  170-176.  Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 670519KB )   ( 1275 ) In order to explore the suitable combination of sowing dates and planting density under the condition of climate change, a field experiment with three factors split plot design was conducted at Shangqiu City of Henan Province during 2008-2009. The main plots were two varieties of ‘Aikang58’ and ‘Yunong949’, the subplots were five sowing dates of October 6th, 13th, 20th, 27th and November 3rd and the split plots were three planting densities of 60, 120, 180 kg/hm2. The results showed that the yield of ‘Aikang58’ was higher than ‘Yunong949’ by 597.30 kg/hm2. Maximum yield of semi-winter wheat ‘Aikang58’ appeared in October 6th, and maximum yield of weak spring wheat ‘Yunong949’ appeared in October 20th. After October 20th, with the delay of sowing date the grain yield dropped significantly. Sowing at October 6th, October 13th, October 20th the wheat had higher production with planting density of 60 to 120 kg per hm2. While sowing at October 27th, November 3rd the wheat could obtain higher production with planting density of 120 to 180 kg per hm2. Through the analysis of the combination of density and seedtime, the reasonable sowing dates were during the first and second ten days of October. And planting density of 60 to 120 kg per hm2 was more appropriate. With the delay of sowing dates the total growth period of wheat was shorten, but the shorten days were less than delayed days. Planting density has little influence on growing period. The appropriate sowing time was helpful to increase the total stalk number and LAI. Sowing late properly can reduce invalid tillers and leaf area to raise spike rate.

  Yield and Nutrients Use Efficiency of Different Winter Wheat Cultivars Response to Recommended Nutrients Fertilization System in North China Plain 2011, 27 (21):  177-181.  Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 543043KB )   ( 926 ) Five winter wheat cultivars, main cultivars planted in Shandong Province, were tested in yield and nutrients use efficiency under recommended fertilization system in North China Plain. The results showed that significant differences in grain yield were found within 5 cultivars, ‘Jimai22’ got the highest yield, and ‘Tainong18’ and ‘Shannong17’ followed it. From yield components analysis, different depended factors were found to get high yield for different wheat cultivars, ‘Jimai22’ and ‘Shannong17’ depended on high population at harvest to obtain high yield, but ‘Tainong18’ depended on kernels per panicle. Under the same nutrients application condition, nutrients uptake and nutrients use efficiency were different with different genotype. N, P, K uptake of ‘Tainong18’ were lower than others cultivars, it indicated that ‘Tainong18’ got high nutrients physiological efficiency and translocation ratio. Grain yield and nutrients use efficiency were taken into consideration, ‘Jimai22’ and ‘Tainong18’ were worth to be selected for yield and nutrients efficiency coordination.

  Effects of Microbial Organic Fertilizer on Saline-alkali Soil Nutrient and Maize Production 2011, 27 (21):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 602246KB )   ( 1429 ) The laboratory and field experiments of microbial organic fertilizer application were undertaken to test the effects on maize production and organic matter, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) in saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the yield of fertilized plot was 7652.10 g/7 m2 to 8609.17 g/7 m2, which were significantly higher than that of the control plot (6782.30 g/7 m2), root length, root dry weight, plant height, seeding dry weight and secondary root in the indoor pot experiment of all treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. The application with microbial organic fertilizer had an improvement on soil nutrients and increased the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium. The content of total nitrogen and phosphorus was 0.83% and 0.97% higher than the CK in field A treatment, the content of available phosphorus (A treatment) and potassium (C treatment) was 5.56 mg/kg and 15.04 mg/kg higher than the CK. The trend was the same to indoor pot experiment. The effect of Available potassium on root height and weight of maize showed a marked positive correlation, coefficient correlation was 0.6628 and 0.5399, respectively. The effect of total nitrogen and available phosphorus on ear weight and yield per plot of maize also showed a marked positive correlation. The result predicated that the use of microbial organic fertilizer could improve saline-alkali soil and increase maize production.

  Breeding and High-yielding Cultivation Technology of Super-maize Hybrid ‘Ludan818’ 2011, 27 (21):  187-191.  Abstract + ( 1416 )   PDF ( 638044KB )   ( 1229 ) Breeding and high-yielding cultivation technology of super-maize hybrid was a hot spot in crop production at present. Based on utilization of heterosis, aiming at compact and multi-resistant, the super-maize hybrid ‘Ludan818’ was bred through 10 years, which creationarily abhibited some new breeding technology including ukrainian maize germplasm, parthenogenesis technology, population improvement. The technical route and process of ‘Ludan818’ breeding, variety character was described in details, and breeding objective and technical route of super maize were discussed. At the same time, the high-yielding cultivation technology of ‘Ludan818’ was set after about 5 years of high-yielding technology research to achieve finy varieties combining with suitable cultivation method.

  Effect of Straw Mat Mulch on Soil & Water Loss of Slope Arable Land and Seed Yield 2011, 27 (21):  192-198.  Abstract + ( 1214 )   PDF ( 693714KB )   ( 845 ) From 2008 to 2010, a field experiment was conducted to study the role of natural fiber textiles made of rice straw on soil and water conservation on sloping arable land by monitoring runoff, soil loss and biological traits and yield of maize. Results showed that rain events with stronger intensity produced more runoff and soil loss. The rice straw mat covering was more effective on water and soil conservation when rain fell with middle-intensity. The mean annual runoff and erosion rate were 295.98 m3/hm2 and 3.95 t/hm2 from the covered plot, which were reduced by 64.11% and 94.01% compared with non-covered plot, respectively. Besides, rice straw mat covering could improve maize growth and yield. In 2010, with covering the theoretical and actual yields of maize were 11.14 t/hm2 and 10.42 t/hm2 respectively, which were 47.5% and 45.7% higher than those without covering. Therefore, rice straw mat covering could control soil erosion and improve maize development, and was one of the sustainable practices.

  Effect of Different Factors of Saline Alkali Soil Stress on Yield of Fresh Feed Oat 2011, 27 (21):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 560467KB )   ( 1024 ) Abstract: On the saline alkali soil ,effect of different planting densities (B), basal volume (C), dressing rate(D) on yield of three kinds of feed oat(A)- Baiyan 2, Baiyan 6, Baiyan7-were studied by the method of orthogonal design of four factors and three levels, and yield of different combinations of fresh grass were analyzed. The results showed that, there were extremely significant differences in effect of different planting densities on yield of fresh grass, and effect of the other three factors were not significantly different. The influence degree of each factor on yield of fresh feed oat followed by planting density > Variety> basal amount of> dressing rate. In the case of experiment, the best planting compound mode for the maximum yield was sowing Baiyan 6 150kg/hm2, applying a compound fertilizer375kg/ hm2 and dressing 5kg/ hm2 after cutting on the saline alkali soil.

  Study on the Appliance of Microbial Strains Rongfeng When Composting Canola Meal 2011, 27 (21):  203-206.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 623527KB )   ( 1077 ) In order to accelerate the process of the composting of canola meal, this paper studied the effect of microbial agent and different C/N on the dynamic changes of temperature, pH, NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations and C/N ratio during the composting of canola meal. The results showed that adjusting original C/N ratio to 25, which was able to make the temperature rise and accelerate the translation from NH4+-N to NO3--N. At the same time, adding the microbial agent was capable of rising to the highest temperature (50-60℃), lasting about 10 days, causing organic matters decomposing rapidly, and the C/N changing obviously from original 25 to 13 in the end, advancing the composting time for 20 days. On suitable conditions, adding microbial agent of Rongfeng was beneficial to improve the composting processes and qualities, and microbial agent of Rongfeng benefit the composting of canola meal.

  Cloning of Chalcone Synthase Gene in Tartary Buckwheat 2011, 27 (21):  207-214.  Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 777846KB )   ( 1156 ) The key chalcone synthase (CHS) gene was cloned in tartary buckwheat, and its evolution status was evaluated, which would play an important role for molecular assistant breeding for the excellent Fagopyrum tataricum accessions with high flavonoids content. The gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties and homology by bioinformatics methods. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree of chalcone synthase family was constructed by neighbor-joining. Full length of CHS cDNA was 1250 bp containing 241 bp 3'UTR and 185 bp 5'UTR. Isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (Mr) were 5.33 and 35340.75 Da, respectively. Meanwhile, 975 bp open reading frame (ORF) was cloned. We predicted the gene encoding 325 amino acid residues. Amino acid sequences alignment results showed that chalcone synthase in tartary buckwheat had higher similarity with Polygonum cuspidatum. The phylogenetic tree showed that chalcone synthase of tartary buckwheat had one same origin with other dicots. The genetic relationships were closed among Gypsophila paniculata, Polygonum cuspidatum, F. dibotrys, F. esculentum, F. tataricum. We obtained the cDNA of CHS in tartary buckwheat, cloned the whole ORF, determine the status and direction of the enzyme in tartary buckwheat.

  The Comparison of Two Methods about Preparing Molecular Imprinting Polymers of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 2011, 27 (21):  215-220.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 873768KB )   ( 963 ) Molecular imprinted polymers of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were prepared in two methods which were compared in this thesis. 2,4-DMIPs and 2,4-DMIPMs were prepared by noumenon polymeric and suspension polymerization method respectively. The polymerization formula was optimized via orthogonal experiment. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the optimal preparation formula for DMIPs was as follows: 2,4-D 1.0 mmoL, MAA 4.0 mmoL, chloroform 4.0 mL, AIBN 20.0 mmoL, and that for DMIPS was as following conditions: 2,4-D 1.0 mmoL, MAA 8.0 mmoL, chloroform 8.0 mL, AIBN 10.0 mmoL. The absorption selectivty of the MIPs and MIPMs was studied by UV, and Scatchard analysis was performed. Scatchard analysis showed that the binding sites of equal class were formed in the MIPs and MIPMs under the concentration range studied. When 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2, 4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde (2,4-DCAD) were chosen as the competitive molecules, the separation factors for MIPs and MIPMs were 3.27, 3.15 and 3.78, 3.70 respectively. The rusults showed that: 2,4-DMIPMs had better adsorption and selective properties than 2,4-DMIPs in certain range. The MIPMs were expected to enrich and test 2,4-D in the environment and crops, and had a good application prospect.

  The Expression Analysis of Drug Efflux Gene emrE mRNA in Shigella spp. by Real-time RT-PCR 2011, 27 (21):  221-224.  Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 627535KB )   ( 868 ) The aim was to establish a rapid detection method of expression of the efflux pump genes via determination expression of emrE efflux pump gene from clinical isolated multidrug resistance Shigella spp. strain H24. RNA of multidrug-resistance Shigella H24 was extracted, and real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was performed to investigate the correlation between emrE gene mRNA expression level and the drug resistance ability. The relative expression content of the efflux pump gene emrE mRNA from Shigella H24 was obtained by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR, and the relative expression of emrE gene was 20000 times more than house gene gapA. The same sample repeat amplification, and average coefficient of variation of emrE and gapA relative copy numbers was 1.4%和1.3%, it revealed this method detected both relative copy numbers exactly. The high expression of emrE gene could infer that it was related with multidrug resistance of Shigella spp.. This result was consistent with the findings by cloning emrE gene formerly. The SYBR GreenⅠFQ RT-PCR method had a highly sensitivity and specificity, and could be further applied to other efflux drugs, clinical diagnosis and research from multidrug-resistance.

  The Research of Somatostatin Immunoreactve Endocrine Cells in Digestive Tract of Lacerta vivipara 2011, 27 (21):  225-228.  Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 1141810KB )   ( 928 ) The distribution and density of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of Lacerta vivipara were studied by the method of ABC (avidin-biotin complex method) immunohitochemical technique with gut hormone antisera, to study Lacerta vivipara digestive tract of somatostatin on the role of animal nutrition and metabolism. The result indicated that Somatostatin cells distributed throughout the digestive tract from Cardiacus to ileum. Somatostatin cells were not detected in the oesophagus and rectum. The density of somatostatin cells was the highest in the pylorus, followed by stomach part, and they were rarely observed in small intestine. Somatostatin cells were mainly in round shape and shuttled shape. They widely lied between epithelial cells, between glandular epithelial cells and at the bottom of epithelia. The distribution density of endocrine cells was related to its feeding habit, food component and living environment. And morphologies of endocrine cells were conformable with the endocrine and exocrine functions.

  Research Progress of Botanical Insecticides 2011, 27 (21):  229-233.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 593836KB )   ( 1432 ) More and more attention has been paid to the research of botanical insecticides for developing alternatives of chemical pesticides. In this article, the superiority, opportunity, current researching state, mode of action, toxic mechanism of botanical insecticides were reviewed, and the prospective of botanical pesticides were described.

  Study on the Relationship Between Characters of Panicle and False Smut Resistance of Hhybrid Late Indica Rice New Combinations 2011, 27 (21):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 489146KB )   ( 768 ) Panicle main characters and false smut resistance of 205 new hybrid late indica rice combinations from the State of the Yangtze River, Hunan and Hubei rice regional trials were studied by artificial inoculation. The results showed that there was significant difference between the new hybrid late indica rice combinations with false smut resistance of Yangtze River middle and lower reaches, resistance of majority combinations was weaker, above middle susceptible accounted for 75.12%. Hybrid late indica rice panicle main characters were closely related with rice false smut resistance, the resistance combinations were fewer total grains per panicle, fewer branches per panicle, fewer grain density, susceptible combinations were the opposite, resistant, susceptible combinations displayed significantly difference in the panicle main characters. Grain number, branch number and grain density was significantly positively associated with resistance to false smut and the order of correlation between the number of grain > number of branches > grain density. The difference between spike length of resistant and susceptible was not significant and spike length was no significant correlation with resistance to rice false smut. Ear disease rate was significantly associated with disease index.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of Chitin Binding Protein Family in Magnaporthe oryzae 2011, 27 (21):  239-245.  Abstract + ( 1447 )   PDF ( 729452KB )   ( 794 ) In order to know the distribution and structural features of hypothetical chitin-binding protein in Magnaporthe grisea database, which would may a good foundation on further research in the encode genes function. In this paper, bioinformatics approaches were used to analysis the domains, subcellular localization EST and phylogenetic tree construction of putative chitin binding proteins (CBP) in the genome of Magnaporthe oryzae, and predicted the gene expression characteristics in different developmental stages and different tissue. In total, 23 putative CBP family proteins were retrieved from the genome, which distributed inequable in seven chromosomes, the majority of CBP were localized in the extracellular. The expression of CBP in different developmental stages and different tissues were different in Magnaporthe oryzae. The chitin binding proteins interlaced between different species fungi, the evolutionary relationship was complicated between them.

  Effects of Cd2+ on the Number of Rhizospheric Soil Microbial from Winter Wheat Seedlings 2011, 27 (21):  246-252.  Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 871090KB )   ( 1078 ) The number of microorganisms from winter wheat rhizospheric soil under Cd2+ pollution (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 70.0 mg/kg dry soil) was studied using pot experiment. The results indicated that the number of bacterial, fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacterial, and nitrosobacterial mainly decreased significantly (P<0.05), however the number of actinoplanes increased significantly (P<0.01) at three weeks after winter wheat seedlings emerged under Cd2+. At the same time, the ratio of bacterial in microorganism communities decreased and that of fungi and actinoplanes increased, however the total number of microorganism reduced, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index increased, and the ratio of fungi/bacterial rise under Cd2+. After seven weeks when winter wheat seedlings emerged, the number of bacterial and nitrosobacterial increased significantly (P<0.01) and the number of fungi, actinoplanes, and nitrogen-fixing bacterial decreased. At the same time, the ratio of bacterial in microorganism communities increased and that of fungi and actinoplanes decreased. The total number of microorganism went up, but the Shannon-Wiener diversity index reduced and the ratio of fungi/bacterial reduced insignificantly (P<0.01) under Cd2+. After twelve weeks when winter wheat seedlings emerged, the number of bacterial and fungi increased significantly (P<0.01) and that of actinoplanes, nitrosobacterial, and nitrogen-fixing bacterial mainly decreased. At the same time, the ratio of bacterial and fungi in microorganism communities increased and that of actinoplanes decreased. The total of microorganism mainly increased, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index mainly reduced and the ratio of fungi/bacterial changed unregularly under Cd2+. On the whole, the amount of microorganism decreased and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index increased under Cd2+ during early winter wheat seedling growth, but the amount of microorganism increased and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index decreased under Cd2+ during later seedling growth compared to 0.0 mg/kg dry soil.

  Yield Loss Assessment of Under Wheat Stripe Rust Stress Based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 2011, 27 (21):  253-258.  Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 3712830KB )   ( 820 ) In order to monitor the wheat stripe rust with hyperspectral remote sensing and estimate the loss of wheat yields. This paper analyzed spectrum and the first derivatives characteristic after infecting wheat stripe rust, the effect of the disease index on yield and yield component factors, the correlation between yield and spectral reflectance, first derivatives spectrum, chose the vegetation index and the first derivatives parameters of the high correlation to built yield simulation equations. The results showed that yields loss increased with the disease index increasing within a certain range. Chose the vegetation index (NDVI and RVI) and the first derivatives parameters (SDr) of the high correlation to build yield simulation equations. The vegetation index NDVI and RVI established multi-temporal combination simulation equation, the equations were fit well, the first derivatives parameters SDr were built yield regression equation of the different growth stages with higher precision. The conclusion of this paper had great practice and application value to monitor the yield under wheat stripe rust stress.

  Study on Fermentation Condition of Organophosphorus Pesticide-degrading Bacterium Using Sweet Potato Starch 2011, 27 (21):  259-265.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 1079224KB )   ( 961 ) In order to obtain the best organophosphorus pesticide-degrading bacterium at low cost, we use sweet potato starch wastewater to ferment inocula, which can decrease the COD of wastewater and lessen environment pollution. In this study, the organophosphorus pesticide-degrading bacterium strain N20 was isolated from Brassica napus leaf. The strain N20 was preliminarily identified as Bacillus cereus using scanning electron microscopic observations, 16S rDNA sequence homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the potato starch wastewater was used as the culture media to explore the influence of growth status in different culture conditions. The results of research showed that the optimum culture condition determined with shaking flask cultures was at the bacterium spawn age of 10 hours, inoculation capacity 5%, initial pH 7.0-7.5, shaking speed 200 r/min, temperature 35℃, and fermentation time 24 hours. These results were the available parameters for the industrial production of this organophosphorus pesticide-degrading agent.

  Residue and Application Safety Assessment of Emamectin Benzoate in Cabbage and Soil 2011, 27 (21):  266-271.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 606921KB )   ( 959 ) For the evaluation of ecological security of emamectin benzoate after use in cabbage and soil, and guiding emamectin benzoate the scientific and rational use, field experiment was conducted to reveal residual degradation dynamics and the final residues of emamectin benzoate in cabbage and soil, the residues of emamectin benzoate in cabbage and soil were determined by HPLC with FLD, and application safety was assessed. The degradation dynamic test results showed that the half-live of emamectin benzoate in soil was 10.2-12.6 d, more than 80% degradation at 28th day after application, and the half-live of emamectin benzoate in cabbage was 1.9-2.3 d, more than 90% degradation at 7th day after application. The final residue tests showed that emamectin benzoate was sprayed for 2 to 3 successive times at application dose 3.3 g a.i./hm2, 4.95 g a.i./hm2, at 7th, 14th, 21th after the last application, the final residues of emamectin benzoate in cabbage were all lower than the minimum detection limit. Therefore, preharvest interval was suggested to be 7 days when emamectin benzoate was applied at recommended dosage for cabbage.

  The Inhibitory Effect of Extract from Tithonia diversifolia on Seven Kinds Plant Pathogens 2011, 27 (21):  272-275.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 549028KB )   ( 758 ) In order to find a new plant fungicide, the petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract from aerial parts of Tithonia diversifolia were isolated. The antifungal activities of seven plant pathogens were measured with the colonies diameter method. The result showed that the order of the antifungal activities was: ethyl acetate extract>the ethanol extract>petroleum ether extract. The effect of ethyl acetate extract against Fusarium avenaceum in 120 h was the best, and the lowest EC50 was 0.68 mg/mL. Therefore, the secondary metabolites of Tithonia diversifolia had some development potential.

  Study on Antibacterial and Acute Toxicity of Seven Rare Earths Berberine Complexes to Four Kinds of Crops Bacteria 2011, 27 (21):  276-281.  Abstract + ( 1097 )   PDF ( 695554KB )   ( 896 ) Seven new rare earths berberine complexes were synthesized and developed. The complexes are characterized the infrared spectra. Antibacterial of 4 kinds of difficult controllable crops bacterias (Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp., Sunflower Hyphal Cluster Germ, Fusarium Oxysporum and Carrot Peutz bacteria) of the complexes were studied by inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration test. Acute oral and acute dermal toxicity test were adopted in this experiment. The results indicated that 7 complexes were low toxicity pesticides and had good antimicrobial activity. To Sunflower Hyphal Cluster Germ, Minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.125 mg/mL. The best antimicrobial activity to Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp. was Ce(NO3)3(B)3 and Gd(NO3)3(B)3. Their minimum inhibitory content was 0.125 mg/mL. La(NO3)3(B)3, Gd(NO3)3(B)3 and Y(NO3)3(B)3 to Fusarium Oxysporum had a better antimicrobial activity, which minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.5 mg/mL. The best antimicrobial activity to carrot Alternaria was Gd(NO3)3(B)3, its minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.5 mg/mL. Seven new rare earths berberine complexes were widespread and efficient pesticides with low toxicity.

  The Identification of Biocontrol Bacterium K-8 and Its Biological Control against Meloidogyne incognita 2011, 27 (21):  282-286.  Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 620710KB )   ( 886 ) In order to evaluate classification status of biocontrol K-8 and its control efficacy to Meloidogyne incognita, using methylene blue staining method, death efficacy of biocontrol strain K-8 to Meloidogyne incogita was determined, its control efficacy to Meloidogyne incognita was studied by pot tests, and its identification was launched by means of phenotypic characteristics observation, physiological and biochemical indexes determination, FAME identity and the assay of 16S rDNA sequences. The results showed that the fermentation broth of strain K-8 showed a better killing effect on second stage juvennil Meloidogyne incognita and its correct death rate was 70.8%, which was close to that of 69.4% of 200 g/L cadusafos, pot trials of strain K-8 indicated that it had a better control efficacy to Meloidogyne incognita and was 47.8%, significantly better than that of 41.3% of 200 g/L cadusafos. According to the similarity index (SI) and its difference, fat analysis showed that strain K-8 could be identified as Bacillus megaterium, in accordance with the first choice entry name. Phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain K-8 were very close to Bacillus megaterium, in addition, we found that strain K-8 and the sequence of Bacillus megaterium constituted a separate branch and had a nearest evolutionary distance by phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequences. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, FAME identity and based on phylogenetic analysis, strain K-8 was identified as B megaterium.

  Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Nematode Community Structure 2011, 27 (21):  287-291.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 587023KB )   ( 871 ) To understand the effect of long-term fertilizing on the structure of soil nematode community, the distribution of nematode communities in black soils of different long-term fertilizing managements from Harbin area was investigated. The results showed that the structure of soil nematode community changed significantly after long-term fertilizing, owning to the change of soil environmental conditions. The number and species of soil nematode community decreased and relative abundance of bacterivores increased after long-term fertilizing. Plant-parasites can be controled significantly by long-term fertilizer managements; espically in soils of organic matter and NPK management treatments, the biodiversity of plant-parasites was controled significantly too.

  Effects of Host Plants on Nutritional Utilization and the Carboxylesterase Activities in the Larvae of Loxostege sticticalis L. 2011, 27 (21):  292-295.  Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 583984KB )   ( 856 ) In order to illustrate the effects of different plant hosts on nutritional utilization and activity of the carboxylesterase of the larvae Loxostege sticticalis L., L. sticticalis L. was fed respectively with Chenopodium album L., Glycine max L., Medicago sativa L., Beta vulgaris L., Helianthus annuus L.. The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutrient status and activity of the carboxylesterase of the insect fed with five different plants. The relative growth rate (RGR=0.91) and the approximate digestibility (AD=63.89%) of 3th instar larvae fed with the lambsquarter were significantly higher than those with the soybean, alfalfa, sugarbeet and sunflower. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI=24.65%, 24.96%) and the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD=38.70%, 41.41%) had no significant differences in larvae fed with the lambsquarter and soybean. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI=10.63%) and the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD=25.89%) of the larvae fed with alfalfa were significantly lower than those fed with the other four plants. Preliminary physiological reaction of testing 5th instar larvae showed that the contents of protein in haemolymph of the larvae fed with the soybean were significantly higher than those fed with the other four plants and the contents of protein in mid-gut of the larvae fed with the sunflower were the highest. The esterase in mid-gut of the larvae fed with the lambsquarter and soybean were significantly higher than those fed with the other three plants. The results suggested that lambsquarter was considered the most appropriate host, followed by soybean, sugarbeet, sunflower and alfalfa.

  Effects of Temperature on Development and Reproduction of Thrips hamaiiensis (Morgan) 2011, 27 (21):  296-300.  Abstract + ( 1129 )   PDF ( 679428KB )   ( 842 ) To research the influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Thrips hamaiiensis (Morgan), series of experiments were carried out to investigate the experimental population growth of T. hamaiiensis at five constant temperatures (20, 24, 28, 32 and 36℃) in the laboratory. The results indicated that, within the range from 20℃ to 28℃, the developmental duration of T. hamaiiensis evidently reduced with the increase of temperature, while increased when the temperature went beyond 32℃; within the range from 20℃ to 36℃. The developmental rate of T. hamaiiensis increased with the increasing temperature. The development threshold temperature of T. hamaiiensis at its egg, nymphal, prepupal, pupal and egg-adult stages was 15.67, 9.48, 11.06, 8.54 and 11.39℃respectively, and the effective accumulated temperatures was 91.23, 82.35, 41.23, 34.81 and 251.43℃?d respectively. Within the range of 20~36℃, the generation survival rate of T. hamaiiensis decreased according to the sequence of 32℃, 28℃, 24℃, 20℃ and 36℃. It can be concluded that the temperature had great influence on the developmental duration and survival rate of experimental populations of T. hamaiiensis.