Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.20 Published:15 August 2011

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  Effects of artificial disturbance on Maqu Alpine Degraded Meadow 2011, 27 (20):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   PDF ( 525774KB )   ( 1399 ) Abstract：In recent years degradation of Tibetan plateau Maqu alpine meadow has become increasingly serious. Maqu County of Gansu Province located in the first bend of the Yellow River, which is the main catchment area and the important water sources conservation areas of upper Yellow River, it added Yellow River water about 45%. However, nearly 90% of the natural meadow has appeared degradation and made wetlands shrinking in Maqu County for increasing in population and livestock, the predatory business to serious degradation of meadows. Desertification area of more than 5×104 hm2, and the annual increasing rate is 10.8%. The paper reviews recent effects of artificial disturbance on Maqu Alpine Degraded Meadow. It has important significance to Maqu County of alpine grassland ecological environment restoration and desertification control.

  Correlations Between Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Reproductive Performance of Animals 2011, 27 (20):  6-10.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 912360KB )   ( 1225 ) As a part of fatty，PUFAS can influence animal reproductive performance. The appropriate ratio of dietary ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs can increase animal survival rates，reduce the risk of preterm labor，and improve spermatozoa activity．Herein，the type，classification and metabolic transformation in vivo as well as correlations between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and reproductive performance of animals were reviewed．

  Expression of KiSS-1 Gene Related with Reproduction and its Regulation 2011, 27 (20):  11-13.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 454179KB )   ( 1163 ) Recently, it has been found that KiSS-1 gene plays important roles in mammlian reproduction. Kisspeptin, the peptide product of the KiSS-1 gene has been shown to be powerful stimulators of the gonadotropin. Recent advances of expression of KiSS-1 gene related with reproduction and its regulation of hypothalamic expression by sex steroid hormones, metabolic hormone and photoperiod were reviewed in this paper，providing a reference for the direction of further study of KiSS-1 gene.

  Establishing of ELISA Testing System of porcine Growth Hormon(pGH) 2011, 27 (20):  14-18.  Abstract + ( 1137 )   PDF ( 702079KB )   ( 1222 ) In this article to make a pGH and rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG anti-porcine growth hormone to affect the test elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) system of factors, established to detect porcine growth hormone elisa method. Porcine growth hormone monoclonal antibodies optimum operation reference value: the optimum coating antibody concentration 3μg/mL, coated overnight at 4℃ condition, 5% goat serum closed 1h, rabbit IgG anti-porcine growth hormone best work Concentration 2μg/mL.

  In Vitro Digestibility and NH3-N Concentration of Compositions between Neutral Detergent Fiber from different plants and Crude Protein in Sheep’s diet 2011, 27 (20):  19-23.  Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 607443KB )   ( 968 ) Three mixtures of neutral detergent fiber from sheep roughage(corn straw，wheat straw and silage corn stalks）with soybean meal protein according to the proportions of 1.8:1, 2.2:1, 2.6:1, 3.0:1, 3.4:1 and 3.8:1 respectively were conducted for in vitro digestive test to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter，changes of pH of compositions between neutral detergent fiber from different plants and crude protein, and NH3-N concentration of fermentative substrate, so that the parameters for preparation of sheep diets could be provided. The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were the lowest when NDF/CP of mixtures of corn straw and soybean meal was 3.8:1 and the highest digestibility appeared when the ration was 2.2:1. The digestibility of mixtures of wheat straw and soybean meal were similar to the mixtures of corn straw and soybean meal, the minimum and the maximum appeared separately when the rations of NDF/CP was 3.8:1 and 2.6~3.0:1. The digestibility of mixtures of silage corn stalk and soybean meal increased with protein proportion, the minimum and the maximum appeared separately when the rations of NDF/CP was 3.8:1 and 1.8:1. There was no significant difference between pH of mixtures（P＞0.05）. The NH3-N concentrations increased with protein proportion, but there was no significant difference between different levels. The NH3-N concentrations were not affected by NDF from different pants after mixtures were cultured for 96 hours.

  Allelopathy of several Lolium multifolorum and Medicago sativa L 2011, 27 (20):  24-28.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 521092KB )   ( 1085 ) The allelopathy of several Lolium multifolorum and Medicago sativa L was studied in the paper, and the acceptor was Sardi 7 seed. The results indicated that the aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves restrained the seed germination of Sardi 7; The aqueous extracts of Lolium multifolorum Barextra and Barmega have allelopathy on the seeding height、 root length and biomass of Sardi 7，and there was inhibition effect at higher concentration and there was the enhancement effect at lower concentration; The allelopathy of the different tissue is not the same; The extracts from stems of Medicago sativa L with the three different contentration have increased effection on the root length of Sardi 7， but restained on the seeding height.

  Studys on bud morphology of cytological development period of microspore and dedifferentiation capacity of anthers of Medicago truncatula 2011, 27 (20):  29-33.  Abstract + ( 1333 )   PDF ( 4330625KB )   ( 1031 ) In this experiment, Medicago truncatula plants were used to study the correlation between microspore development and bud morphology, de-differentiation capacity of the anther was also determined. The results showed that microspore development of Medicago truncatula could be divided into three periods: early-or mid uninucleate, late-uninucleate and binucleate. A significant correlation could be found between development stages of microspore and buds morphology. Anthers at different developmental stages judged by buds morphology were cultured to detect the capacity of dedifferentiation. The anthers with late-uninucleate microspores had the highest callus induction rate of 37.21%, followed by 4.82% of early-or mid uninucleate microspores, but the anthers with binucleate microspores could not dedifferentiate. This data suggested that anthers with late-uninucleate microspores of Medicago truncatula are the optimal materials for dedifferentiating, and at this period, the buds swells with green sepals shorter than petals.

  Effects of Additives on Quality of Water Hyacinth and Corn Straw Mixed Silages 2011, 27 (20):  34-39.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 608516KB )   ( 1140 ) For the purpose of producing high quality silage, water hyacinth silage and water hyacinth & corn straw mixed silage were studied. Water hyacinth & corn straw were mixed into 5 silages with their weight ratio of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60, besides water hyacinth silage. Water hyacinth silage and mixed silage with CON，corn straw fermented green juice (FGJC)，water hyacinth fermented green juice (FGJW)，formic acid (FA)，foraform (FOR) were ensiled to study the effect of the additives. Each treatment was two repeats. Silages were fermented for 60 days under normal temperature. Then the pH value, dry matter rate（DMR）, gas loss rate（GLR）, ammonia nitrogen（NH3-N）, and other items were measured. The result showed that the four additives significantly affected the fermentation quality of silages. The effect of FGJC and FGJW to the mixed silages with 80:20 mixed ratio was the best. The fermentation quality of mixed silages with additives was better than water hyacinth silages. Preparing of water hyacinth & corn straw mixed silages is a good way to utilize water hyacinth.

  Effects of Salt Stress on Seed 0f Onobrychis viciaefolia var.Qitai wangyuxiang 2011, 27 (20):  40-44.  Abstract + ( 1237 )   PDF ( 636592KB )   ( 1044 ) Abstract: The integrated salt tolerance of nine different concentrations of NaCl of Onobrychic vicaefolia，which was tested under 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% ,0.9 %，1.1%，1.3%，1.4%和1.5% concentration of NaCl by measuring the germination rate of its seeds, root length, soluble sugar content, Proline content and MDA content of its plants. The results as follows: the germination was delayed in higher concentration of NaCl, and the root length was decreased. But the soluble sugar content was increased.The soluble sugar content, Proline content and MDA content reached maximum when the concentration of NaCl was 1.4%. Keywords: Onobrychis viciaefolia; salt-stress; soluble sugar; proline; MDA

  Application of Adding Beneficial Photosynthetic Bacteria to Complete Feed in Raising Piglets 2011, 27 (20):  45-50.  Abstract + ( 1240 )   PDF ( 924547KB )   ( 1096 ) In order to meet the needs of the increasing population and the development of feed addition of the breeding industry, so that the spread of the environmental pollution resulting from urban sewage as well as the harmful substance in the feces from the livestock and poultry feeding can be controlled. The present study has firstly tested the biodegrability of 11 photosynthetic bacteria screened and seperated from Yunnan plateau lake in degrading ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), total phosphorus (TP), sulfide and nitrite (NIT). The study showed that being cultured and degraded with 120 h in pollutants with high concentration, the highest degradation rate of NH-N of these 11 bacterial strains was 42.6%; the degradation rate of TP reached 93.2%; the degradation rate of sulfide reached 71.3% and the highest degradation rate of NIT was 100%. Then, the study had chosen 3 bacterial strains with strong intergrated biodegrability, making them mixed into each other and applied in raising piglets. Adding beneficial photosynghetic bacteria to complete feed, the study showed that the breeding efficiency had been largely increased and the content of hazardous material of piglets’ excrements had been effectively decreased so as to eliminate stimulation of these harmful material to animals’ intestinal tract. The study proved that photosynthesis bacteria as feed additive could promote growing development, increase fodder returns and enhance anti-disease capability when it was added in raising pigs.

  A Brief Discussion on Regulatory Functions of MicroRNAs between Animal Cell and Virus 2011, 27 (20):  51-53.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 475107KB )   ( 1533 )

  The Effect ofβ-mannanase on Growth Performance and Immunity Function of AA+Chicken 2011, 27 (20):  54-57.  Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 618295KB )   ( 1161 ) In order to study the effects of dietaryβ-mannanase on the growth performance and immunity function of AA+ chicken, one hundred and eighty one-day-old AA+ chicken were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, each group had 3 replicates and 30 AA+ chicken in each replicate. Control group was fed with basal diet，treatment group was fed with basal diet supplemented 0.04% β-mannanase. The experiment period is 42 days. The results showed that β-mannanase could increase significantly average daily gain，and feed conversion rate(FCR). there were significant differences between treatment and control groups (P<0.05) in 1-21d and 1-42d; enhance significantly the levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG in viremic blood(P<0.05). Immune organ indexes, antibody level against ND and T lymphocyte transformation rate had different degrees of improvement，but no significant difference(P>0.05) between control group and treatment group. The results indicated that β-mannanase could improve respectively the growth performance. and immunity function of AA+ chicken.

  The analysis of community ecology of parasitic helminths of domestic waterfowl in Longyan city, Fujian 2011, 27 (20):  58-62.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 653255KB )   ( 987 ) The group of parasitic helminth from the random sample of 309 domestic waterfowl in Longyan city, where is in western mountainous areas of Fujian province from 2008-2010,was used as one unit, the ecological characteristics value and community of 18 species of parasitic helminth were calculated and analyzed .The results showed that the Tetrameres fissispinus and Echinostoma revolutum was dominant species.Hymenolepis venusta, Aploparaksis fukienensis, Dicranotaenia coronula, Amphimerus anatis, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Aploparaksis furcigera, Prothogonimus cuneatus, Metorchis orientalis, Epomidistomum anatinum and Streptocara formosensis were Sub-dominant species. Except for Notocotylus attenuatus and Polymorphus magnus belonging to randomly distributed, the other 16 parasitic helminth were aggregated distribution, which the Hymenolepis megalops was the highest aggregation, and the second were Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Metorchis orientali, Echinostoma miyagawai and Epomidistomum anatinum.

  Protective effect of Shuanghuanglian on acetaminophen injuried Canine hepatocytes 2011, 27 (20):  63-66.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 686592KB )   ( 1202 ) Canine primary cultured hepatocytes were isolated by a modified two-step collagenase digestion method. The injuried hepatocyte model was made by acetaminophen. The injuried hepatocytes were treated by Shuanghuanglian, ALT and AST activities were measured, the expression of CYP450 was determined by Western blot. The results as follows, the activities of ALT and AST in increased significantly by 16mM AP treated for 12h. The activities of ALT and AST decreased significantly. The expression of cytochrome P450 in injuried Canine hepatocytes increased gradually for 48h, the best dose was 1-5mM. 1-5mM Shuanghuanglian had protective effect on acetaminophen injuried Canine hepatocytes.

  Observations on Histology of Elaphurus davidianus’s labialis 2011, 27 (20):  67-70.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 3004325KB )   ( 1106 ) Abstract: The whole histological structure of Elaphurus davidianus’s labialis was observed on routine paraffin sections that were stained with H.E. The whole structure of lip shows:1)Like many other ruminants, the outer part of lip is covered by skin and its lining is mucosa , between skin and mucosa exits a great number of connective tissue among which is ample striated muscule.2)The basic structure of hair follicle includes internal root sheath ,external root sheath and hyaline layer; Medulla,cortex and cuticle of hair compose the structure of hair from centre to the outer layer. 3)There are abundant nerve,blood vessels and glands around hair follicle, the glands are composed of labial gland ,sweat gland and sebaceous gland.

  nfluence of Venenum Bufonis Injection Adjuvant Immune Effect on Newcastale Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Live Vaccine 2011, 27 (20):  71-75.  Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 643546KB )   ( 1082 ) In the present study, researchers observed the regulating action of Venenum Bufonis injection on Newcastale Disease（ND） and Infectious Bronchitis（IB） live vaccine. Methods: Researchers choose the traditional Chinese immunopharmacology method and combined different concentration Venenum Bufonis injection and ND and IB live vaccine as test groups. On the 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th, 42th, 49th and 56th day after immunization, researchers took blood samples through vein and choose the MTT method to test the optical density(OD) of peripheral blood T cells and B cells. Researchers took β-micromethod to test the antibodytiter of ND and IB in blood serum. The results showed that in the all of the test groups, Venenum Bufonis injection can observably increase OD of peripheral blood T and B cells. In the medium dosage group (0.25mg/mL), the OD of T cells and B cells was the highest. Venenum Bufonis injection can significantly increase the antibodytiter of ND and IB in blood serum. In the medium dosage group (0.25mg/mL), antibody existence lasted longer in late immunization and antibody peak hour lasted longer too. Therefore, Venenum Bufonis injection is the effective adjuvant of ND and IB live vaccine.

  Genotype Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Produced by Escherichia coli Isolated from the Fowl in Dalian Area of Liaoning 2011, 27 (20):  76-78.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 800736KB )   ( 1005 ) Abstract: Objective：to elucidate the genotype distributions of ESBLs produced by E.coli isolated from the fowl in Liaoning Province. Method: thirty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were collected from four different chicken farms in Dalian, and were analyzed by PCR amplifying using the primers of TEM, OXA, SHV and CTX-M, respectively. Result: thirty-two strains with TEM-type, twelve CTX-M-types and two OXA-types were detected except SHV-type was not found; moreover, eleven strains with multiple TEM+CTX-M and two strains with TEM+OXA genotyes were detected. Conclusion: the predominant genotype of ESBLs is TEM (100% detection rate) in chicken farms of Liaoning Province, and then are CTX-M, SHV was not found; the multiple TEM+CTX-M positive rate reached up to 34.4％.

  The History Retrospect and Development Trend of Integrated Fish Farming in China 2011, 27 (20):  79-86.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 689314KB )   ( 1174 ) Abstract: It systematically reviewed the history of integrated fish farming practices in China, and analyzed on the current key issues in the development of integrated fish farming and made preliminary discussions on its development orientations. It also presented some basic ideas, including strengthening the basic and applied study of low-carbon economy idea on ecological fishery system of integrated fish farming, applying the ideas of recycling economy to sustainable development of integrated fish farming, promoting the technical extension of integrated fish farming and talents fostering and developing the integrated fish farming industrialization, so as to lower the aquaculture risks and improve the economic benefits. Key words: integrated fish farming; history retrospect; low-carbon economy; development trend

  A comparison study on the effects of enrofloxacin on the cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in two kinds of sturgeons 2011, 27 (20):  87-91.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 635053KB )   ( 1071 ) Oral drug delivery of Enrofloxacin was performed on the starlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus) and the Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrencki Brandt) for 5 days according to the concentration of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mg/kg, respectively. The enzyme activities of liver microsome cytochrome P450 were measured after drug withdrawal for 2 days. The results showed that CYP450 enzyme existed in both two sturgeons with a different degree. The protein contents of microsome and CYP450 enzyme activities were 5.029 mg/g and 0.102 nmol/mg?min in the Amur sturgeon respectively, which were higher than in the starlet with a data of 4.833 mg/g and 0.088 nmol/mg?min. Meanwhile, Enrofloxacin could inhibit the CYP450 enzyme activities in vivo. With the concentration of drug delivery from 0mg/kg to 100mg/kg, the CYP450 enzyme activities decreased gradually in both two sturgeons and the decreasing degree of CYP450 was larger in the Amur sturgeon than in the starlet. There was no significant difference of CYP450 between the Amur sturgeon and the starlet when the drug delivery concentration was 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, this study provides some theoretical basis for searching for drug metabolism of Enrofloxacin and the mechanism between the Enrofloxacin and the cytochrome P450 in the two kinds of sturgeons.

  The preliminary study of Sesuvium portulacastrum on the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate 2011, 27 (20):  92-96.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 616072KB )   ( 1293 ) In order to discuss the utilized efficiency of N and P by Sargassum portulacastrum . The preliminary study on the uptake rates of N and P by Sargassum fusiforme at the different concentrations、and different chemical combination of N and P were made under laboratory conditions. The results showed that: (1) At the suitable levels of concentrations, the uptake rates of N and P by Sesuvium portulacastrum’s increased with the increase concentrations of N and P in the media, and it was significantly different(P<0.05). When the N concentrations were at 100 μmol/L, uptake rates of N by Sesuvium portulacastrum reached the maximum value, and the maximum value was 11.11 μmol/g?d; when the P concentrations were at 10 μmol/L, the uptake rates of P by Sesuvium portulacastrum also reached the maximum value, the maximum value of P was 0.74 μmol/g?d. (2) At the different ratios of N to P and different N concentrations, the average uptake rates of N were not significantly different except at the ratio 1:1 and 5:1(P<0.05); but at the different ratios of N to P and different N concentrations, the average uptake rates of P were significantly different(P<0.05). The maximum uptake rates of N by Sesuvium portulacastrum occurred at the N concentrations of 50μmol/L and the ratios 50:1(N:P); and the maximum uptake rates of P by Sesuvium portulacastrum occurred at the N concentrations of 50 μmol/L and the ratios 10:1(N : P). (3) The uptake rates of NH4+-N by Sesuvium portulacastrum increased with the reduction ratios of NH4+-N and NO3－-N, while the uptake rates of NO3－-N by Sesuvium portulacastrum decreased with the reduction ratios of NH4+-Nand NO3－-N, and they all were significantly different(P<0.05). The trend of the uptake rates of TIN and PO43--P were broken line. The maximum uptake rates of TIN occurred at the ratios1:2(NH4+-N: NO3－-N), and the maximum uptake rates of PO43--P occurred at the ratios1:10(NH4+-N: NO3－-N).

  The Effects of Clostridium butyricum in Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) Activity Response to Nitrite Stress in Macrobrachium nipponense 2011, 27 (20):  97-102.  Abstract + ( 1570 )   PDF ( 743080KB )   ( 1186 ) The new breed “Taihu Lake No.1" (Macrobrachium nipponense) was fed with basal diet supplemented with different concentration treatments of Clostridium butyricum under nitrite stress. The study was conducted to explore the effects of C. butyricum on isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in muscles of M. nipponense. Results showed that the growth rate and the activity of SOD and CAT were significantly improved in the 1％ and 5％ treatment after 21days (P<0.01), and there was no significant different between these two groups (P>0.05).When the mass concentration of nitrite in water environment was in 0~0.50 mg?L-1, the activity of SOD and CAT in muscle was enhanced with the increase in the concentration of nitrite and C. butyricum, which reached to the top in 6 to 9day and then decreased. In 21 day, the activity of SOD and CAT in muscle depends on the concentration of nitrite-Na in water environment and supplement of different C. butyricum level on feed. All results indicated that supplement of C. butyricum on feed improved growth and alleviated the damage of nitrite stress. The optimal supplementation of C. butyricumw was 106 cfu/g.

  Analysis on the Physicochemical Properties of Tobacco Leaves for the Typical Tobacco Growing Areas in Wuping of Fujian 2011, 27 (20):  103-108.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 602268KB )   ( 1063 ) In order to illustrate the internal quality’s characteristics of tobacco in Wuping, improve and stable the Tobacco’s quality and style’s characteristics, improve the tobacco’s industrial usability. In this paper, the physicochemical properties and panel test quality of the ‘Yunyan87’ tobacco leaves in Wuping of Fujian province has been studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in the opening leaf degree and thickness of Wu Ping’s tobacco leaf, and eight areas of Wuping on the opening leaf degree were approaching 40% or more than it which was national standard. The nitrogen, potassium and chlorine content and ratio of potassium chloride and of nitrogen to nicotine existed significant difference in middle leaves of Wuping. The height potassium, low chloride and appropriate nicotine level in tobacco leaves of Wuping was the most significant features. The fragrant quality, odor and aftertaste of tobacco leaves with different soil texture and pH displayed significant difference.

  Detection of Volatile Hydrocarbons in Irradiated Sunflower Seeds by SPE-GC-MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS Methods 2011, 27 (20):  109-114.  Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 912859KB )   ( 1135 ) Two pretreatment methods which were SPE (solid-phase extraction) and SPME (solid-phase micro-extraction) had been studied to identify irradiated sunflower seeds by GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrum) analysis of six hydrocarbons, which were 1-C14:1 (1-tetradecene), C15:0 (n-pentadecane), 1-C16:1 (1-hexadecene), C17:0 (n-heptadecane), 1,7-C16:2 (1,7-hexadecadiene) and 8-C17:1 (8-heptadecene) between unirradiated and irradiated samples. Meanwhile, the effect of irradiation dose and frying process on hydrocarbons in sunflower seeds were also studied. Results showed that these two methods could both be used to identify whether sunflower seeds were irradiated or not, and HS-SPME-GC-MS method was easy to operate for quick and extract qualitative analysis. Irradiation dose had significant affected on hydrocarbons. Four hydrocarbons (1-C14:1, C15:0, 1-C16:1 and C17:0) were detected in unirradiated sunflower seeds. 1,7-C16:2 and 8-C17:1 were only detected in irradiated samples. Therefore, the two hydrocarbons were the best markers for detection of irradiated sunflower seeds.

  Analysis on Volatile Components Extracted from Microbial Fresh-keeping Agent for Fruit Longan 2011, 27 (20):  115-118.  Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 589388KB )   ( 1265 ) The microbial longan fresh-keeping agent “GLX” was made from Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX, which not only had very good fresh-keeping effect toward longan and other fruits, but also had particular aroma. This experiment was designed to find out volatile components extracted from GLX. The volatile components of GLX were analyzed by SPME/GC-MS. Thirteen compounds were identified with the match degree above 90%. There were eight types of alkene in the volatile, with relative amount of 14.11%, including Hexadecane; Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-; Tetradecane; Heptadecane; Octadecane; Pentadecane, 2,6,10,14- tetramethyl-; Pentadecane, 4-methyl-; Pentadecane, 4-methyl-. There were two types of alkene, with relative amount of 1.65%, including Longifolene, (+)-、Cedrene,(-)-alpha-.There was one type of esters, with relative amount of 0.70%, including sulfurous acid, 2-propyl tetradecyl ester. (+)-Longifolene, and (-)-alpha-Cedrene, two kinds of natural spice, were the aromatic compounds extracted form microbial longan fresh-keeping agent. Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) was the important intermediate product light stabilizer of light stabilizer and antioxidants.

  Nutritional Assessment of Apple Seed Protein and Soy Bean Protein 2011, 27 (20):  119-122.  Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 612472KB )   ( 1191 ) In order to enriching protein resources and solving the present situation of protein resources deficient, the contents of main nutritional components and amino acids of apple seed were detected, and the international general nutritional value assessment method was applied for the overall nutritional assessment of its protein. The assessment result showed that apple seed which contained 51.23% protein, 26.2% fat and 5.05% carbohydrate had rich nutritional. The contents of protein were higher than soy beans which contain about 46.78%. The kind of amino acids were perfect. First, the total content of essential amino acids in apple seed was high, which occupied 34.32% of the total amino acids. Moreover, the IEAA is 80.82 by comparing with the ideal protein model recommended by FAO/WHO. The essential amino acid content of apple seed was accorded with adults.

  The changes about sugar components of Nanguo pear of different harvest times during after-ripening 2011, 27 (20):  123-126.  Abstract + ( 1571 )   PDF ( 630648KB )   ( 1148 ) Study the change about sugar content of Nanguo pear of different harvest times during after-ripneing,the results show that:Nanguo pear in diffferent harvest time ,its content of fructose,glucose,sucrose and total sugar shows ‘up-down’ trend in after-ripening,sugar components reach peak need different time; Starch degraded in short time;Content of sorbitol shows down trend. Nanguo pear of late-harvest ,its content of sugar component,total sugar reach high value in short time, and its contents higher than early harvest and maintenance long period peak;Different harvest time effect content and components of sugar.

  The Sequencing and Analysis of Amino Acids in Silkworm Pupa 2011, 27 (20):  127-132.  Abstract + ( 1452 )   PDF ( 757600KB )   ( 1195 ) The aim was to develop new resources about silkworm chrysalis, 13 amino acids were determined in silkworm pupa. The contents of amino acids were analyzed by column derivatization with OPA, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), gradient elution method and fluorescence detection. The contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, threonine, alanine, taurine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine contents were 63.97 mg/g, 72.48 mg/g, 32.46 mg/g, 52.21 mg/g, 6.531 mg/g, 35.63 mg/g, 31.37 mg/g, 21.39 mg/g, 1.806 mg/g, 71.01 mg/g, 68.08 mg/g, 35.86 mg/g and 25.34 mg/g, respectively. Total amino acid content was 518.15 mg/g with 45.88% essential amino acids. RP-HPLC method for determining amino acids is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate.

  The Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide Extract from Phyllanthus emblica L. 2011, 27 (20):  133-136.  Abstract + ( 1330 )   PDF ( 663039KB )   ( 1293 ) The water soluble polysaccharide was extracted from phyllanthus emblica L. by the method of ultrasound-water extracting-alcohol precipitating. Polysaccharide extraction yield of 4.61% was obtained and the content of polysaccharide in the extract was reached to 44.62%. The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide of phyllanthus emblica L. was investigated. The IC50 of scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radical generated by Fenton reaction was 0.38 mg/mL, the maximum scavenging rate was 80.3%. The IC50 of scavenging effect on superoxide radical generated by riboflavine photosensitization was 0.93 mg/mL, the maximum scavenging rate was 85.9 %. The IC50 of inhibition effect on lecithin lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl free radical was 0.39 mg/mL, the maximum inhibition rate was 71.3%. The results showed that phyllanthus emblica L. polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity, which was closed to tea polyphenols.

  Implementation of White Tea Quality and Safety Traceability System via Internet 2011, 27 (20):  137-140.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 507217KB )   ( 1146 ) In order to let consumers trace to white tea production when they are purchasing white tea, as well as make the white tea quality and safety traceability system simply and practicable, this research introduced the bar-coding technology to mark the white tea processing. Moreover, the white-tea traceability system via internet has been designed. This system adopted .NET to design and adopted the Microsoft Sqlserver to design the database. The C/S (Client/Server) and B/S (Browser/Server) architecture was used to put the management system, which made the white-tea traceability system be networking and popularizing.

  Comparative Advantage Analysis of the Major Three Crops in Henan Province 2011, 27 (20):  141-145.  Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 589054KB )   ( 1259 ) Henan is one of the provinces that have huge grain production, and is important to the nation’s food security. To explore the comparative advantaged regions of rice, wheat and corn in Henan Province, during the national grain core region’s building, based on the comparative advantage theory, this paper used the integrated comparative advantage index, collected the three grain crops’ production data in 18 cities in Henan province and systematically analyzed values in EAI, SAI and AAI of every major crop, both province’s level compared to the nation’s average and city’s level compared to the province’s average. The results showed that there exist differences in comparative advantage among the 18 cities, and there were 3 rice advantaged yield regions, 9 wheat advantaged yield regions and 13 corn advantaged yield regions in Henan Province.

  Hunan Cotton Refining Climatic Regionalization Based on GIS and Interpolating Preference 2011, 27 (20):  146-150.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 2222270KB )   ( 974 ) In order to develop Hunan cotton production and make full and proper use of climate resources, based on GIS technology, through the adaptability analysis of diversified common small grid interpolation methods, preferably selecting interpolation method of climatic element small grid, and eventually using interpolation method of preferred selection, the author predicts the climatic elements by means of 500 m×500 m small grid interpolation, and conducts Hunan cotton refining climatic regionalization by adopting ≥15℃ accumulated temperature, sunshine from the last ten days of April to the middle ten days of November, and high-temperature days in July and August when the highest daily temperature equals or was over 35℃ as regionalization factors. By comparing dynamic climate regionalization of different year periods, the paper analyzed the influence on Hunan cotton planting adaptability of climate changes. The results showed that Hunan had the climatic advantage to develop cotton plant, and the areas were suitable to plant cotton are large. Because of the climate change, the most suitable areas to plant cotton in Hunan decrease, but the suitable areas increase, while less suitable areas and unsuitable areas almost remained the same.

  The SWOT Analysis of Eco-cultural Industry in Beijing Mountain 2011, 27 (20):  151-154.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 579715KB )   ( 1461 ) The mountainous area of Beijing is about 1 million square kilometers, accounting for 62% of the city. The development of eco-cultural industry is very important for the conservation of mountain ecosystems, economic and social development .This paper describes what ecological culture is, and on this basis, sums up the characteristics of the eco-cultural industry, then make a SWOT analysis about it, finally put forward how to develop the new industry in Beijing Mountain.

  Study on Development Status and Strategy Planning of Guangdong Agricultural Media and Communication Discipline 2011, 27 (20):  155-161.  Abstract + ( 1652 )   PDF ( 624017KB )   ( 1044 ) The foreign and domestic development statuses of discipline were reviewed in this paper, such as development trend of digital media and communication for foreign, institute development and technology progress of media and communication for domestic. Some development situations of Guangdong agricultural media and communication were analyzed, such as digital media, agricultural sci & tech communicating and extension, theories level and basic service, etc. Based on the demand analysis of the agricultural media communication discipline construction and development, the development strategy planning of this discipline was formulated, such as guiding ideologies, construction rules, research planning, development target and prior strategy, etc. Some strategy guiding and theoretical supporting about the strategy planning of scientific development Guangdong agricultural media and communication discipline in the future was provided.

  Hot Patent Applications and R&D of Large Tobacco Companies at Home and Abroad 2011, 27 (20):  162-166.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 511548KB )   ( 1412 ) In order to understand the situation of large tobacco companies patent applications, technology distribution and research and development trend at home and abroad, 10 tobacco companies patent applications during 2006-2010 were quantitatively analyzed with comparative analysis method and literature metrology. Results showed that: (1)Tobacco industry enterprises became the main force of technological innovation and foreign tobacco competitors were powerful; (2)China tobacco company inventions shared a lower proportion of patent applications, patent structure needed to be optimized; (3)The most applications of both home and abroad tobacco companies were tobacco materials, but the foreign tobacco additives almost added in the filter rods, cigarette paper and other materials, and the domestic tobacco additives added to tobacco, filter rods.

  Development and construction of Beijing suburban natural resources and socio-economic information management platform 2011, 27 (20):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 910194KB )   ( 1026 ) In order to improve rural informatization and modern city agriculture, according to countryside and agriculture current situation, Beijing suburban natural resources and socio-economic information management platform was built based on Oracle database, ArcSDE and 3S.Development and construction of the platform were discussed from system platform preparation, design, testing, training, operation and maintenance and data updating, also the main features and several aspects need to pay attention of system platform were pointed out . It achieves space integrated management of Beijing suburban natural resources and socio-economic information and provides sufficient data basis and analysis tool for countryside and agriculture management departments at all levels of government to make rapid and scientific decision. It is very great significant for capital new countryside construction.

  Implementing Mutual Assistance Trade in Poverty-stricken Area Based on the Idea of International Fair Trade 2011, 27 (20):  172-177.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 602579KB )   ( 1864 ) Implementing Mutual Assistance Trade in Poverty-stricken Area Based on the Idea of International Fair Trade

  The Experience and Enlightenment of Culture Construction in Korean New Village Movement du lihua 2011, 27 (20):  178-181.  Abstract + ( 1510 )   PDF ( 545673KB )   ( 1146 ) In 1960s, Korea implemented New Village Movement, in which the countryside cultural construction obtained great success. The article summarizes the culture experience in Korea: fully playing the government duties, attention to the farmer’s "spiritual enlightenment"; focus on education and training of farmers; improved capacity of the village environment, and financial support from government. It Points out that the government should play the leading role in the new countryside cultural construction. We should not only attach importance to farmers’ education and train new farmer, but innovate rural humanism ecological environment and build new villages.

  Discussion on the Long-term Support Mechanism of Agricultural Science and Technology for the National Food Security 2011, 27 (20):  182-185.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 507394KB )   ( 1203 ) Ensuring the national food security is the eternal goal of the agricultural science and technology development. Based on the national conditions and agricultural situation, this article summed up the role of the varieties and technology in food production and analyzed the national food security situation of the next 5 to 10 years. Then, building a long-term support mechanism and policy recommendations of agricultural science and technology for our national food security were proposed for the relevant decision-making.

  SWOT Analysis and Planning Countermeasures for Town and Village Demonstration Area’s Co-governance——A Case Study of Linli County Guanting Township in Changde City Hunan Province 2011, 27 (20):  189-193.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 590482KB )   ( 956 ) In the current situation, “town and village co-governance” means that from the regional center of town, it carries out synchronous planning of town and village, synchronous governance of environment, simultaneous development of estate, synchronous creation of civilization and promotes the new urbanization and construction of new rural cooperative development of all constructions in accordance with the requirements of urban and rural. Through connecting SWOT analysis method with the demonstration area development framework, it will form SWOT analysis framework and SWOT analysis system which aim at the demonstration area development. Through studying Linli county Guanting township in Changde Hunan province and analyzing the factors that influencing SWOT in this area, we hoped that put forward countermeasures for town and village co-governance.

  The Role of Rural Clans in the Process of Rural Community Development----Research Report on Rural Community Development and the Rural Clans 2011, 27 (20):  194-198.  Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 574056KB )   ( 843 ) Clan plays an important role in the survival and development of rural communities and residents in our history. The pattern of race gathering in Chinese rural thousands of years ago is a cultural phenomenon. It has formed the rural social network. The Clan concept is strong , and it is difficult to eliminate its influence. Therefore, we must respect facts, respect the rural traditional culture, correct recognition of the clan, oppose unilateral suppressed. According to the situation of rural race gathering, we should use and the guide the clan reasonably, so that it can play an important role in the economy, society and democracy, and promote economic development and social harmony and promote humanity return.

  Studies on the Team Building of Rural Agro-technical Extension Personnel 2011, 27 (20):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 504656KB )   ( 1097 ) Based on Agricultural Extension General Station of Anhui Province & Animal Husbandry General Station of Shaanxi Province, this article chose 10 typical districts & counties in the mentioned provinces, and analyzed currant situation of village-level agricultural extension technicians’ workforce specialized on planting & breeding. After symposiums among village-level agricultural extension technicians, questionnaires based on partial village-level agricultural extension technicians & potential village-level agricultural extension technicians like model households & major planting and breeding households, and related investigation. This article summarized some good methods, meanwhile gave some advice on village-level agricultural extension technicians workforce enhancement, as to existing common questions.

  The Study of Ecological Function of Wetland Soil 2011, 27 (20):  203-207.  Abstract + ( 1330 )   PDF ( 529908KB )   ( 1164 ) In order to improve the theoretical study and give full play the ecological function of wetland soil. The author described the definition and ecological characteristics of wetlands soil. Wetlands have many functions which include sustaining biodiversity, maintaining nutrition function, carbon storage function, decomposing and degrading pollution, distributing and regulating surface water, and indication functions. The current research status of wetland soil was described and the future of wetland soil function was prospected finally.

  Study on the Geo-ecology of Soil Fauna in Typical Karst Area of Guizhou Province, China 2011, 27 (20):  208-215.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 831862KB )   ( 942 ) To understand the ecology distribution of soil fauna and the impact of rocky desertification upon the community structure of soil animals along Dingtan, Boluo and Shiqiao in Guizhou Province, the soil fauna and the part of chemistry factor of soil were investigated in August 2008. The results show that in these area there are rich soil animals species which dominanted by the arthropod species. Ponerinae, Oribatida and Oppiidae are dominant groups. With the rising of latitude, species numbers, individual numbers and group numbers of soil animals were increasing. The differences of soil fauna in the level distribution is closely related to the degree of habitats intervened and the ecological differences of rocky desertification controlling, and soil animals trend gathering to the surface of soil in the vertical distribution. In addition, there are a negative relationship about species number，individual numbers of soil animal and contents of pH, TN, TP and OM in 0~5 cm soil layer. Therefore, the distribution of soil fauna and relationship between soil animal and environment should be further investigated in varied karst environment.

  Study on Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in Purple Soil Hilly Region -Take Tongliang in Chongqing as an Example 2011, 27 (20):  216-223.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 1786259KB )   ( 967 ) In order to discover the content and spatial variability of purple soil nutrients in southwest China and to make proper fertilization recommendations adapted to the local conditions, the author combined geostatistics with GIS to analyze the spatial variability of soil nutrients in topsoil (0-20 cm) in Tongliang, Chongqing. The results showed that the mean of available N, available P, available K and Organic matter were 105.86 mg/kg, 7.19 mg/kg, 81.31 mg/kg and 22.89 g/kg, respectively, and they were all in middle or low level. Soil pH was mainly around 6.5, which indicated that the soil was acidic. The coefficient of variation of available P was 77.61%, which was the highest among the five nutrients, followed by available K, organic matter and available N, and they all expressed medium variability. While the soil pH was more stable whose coefficient of variation was 17.78%. The spatial interpolation figure indicated that the content of available N was mainly centralized between 114.42-148.39 mg/kg, and the content of available P was lower than 14.35 mg/kg, with the lowest value was 1.00 mg/kg. The distribution of available K showed no regularity and the content of available K in about half of the area was between 60.56-74.82 mg/kg, followed by 79.83-94.09 mg/kg. The content of organic matter was mainly centralized between 15.27-33.77 g/kg and soil pH in most area was between 5.2 to 6.5, which could be another proof to the conclusion that the soil was acidic.

  Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in Chaihe Basin 2011, 27 (20):  224-229.  Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 1657240KB )   ( 1152 ) 100 soil samples (GPS used for recording sample location) were collected in Chaihe basin in 2010. Porosity, total soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were measured. The spatial pattern of the data was analyzed using both traditional descriptive statistics and geo-statistics. The results indicated that soil organic matter contents was at moderate level of soil fertility, nitrogen and phosphorus were rich, according to the soil fertility classification standards of the second national soil. The semivariograms of geostatistics analysis indicated porosity, total soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were spatial autocorrelations. Spatial autocorrelation and random both contribute to the spatial structure of porosity, total soil organic matter, and total phosphorus. The study showed the spatial pattern soil total soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Chaihe basin due to complex natural and social variables and provides a scientific basis for the evaluation and sustainable management of soil fertility and nutrient.

  Effects of Different Land-use Types on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Alpine Region of Tibetan Plateau 2011, 27 (20):  230-234.  Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 604628KB )   ( 1115 ) Three different land-use types, primary vegetation(PV)、artificial grassland(AG), degraded vegetation (DV) in alpine region of Tibetan Plateau. In the paper, soil bulk density, soil moisture content, Soil pH, Soil porosity, Soil organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, nitrify nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen contents of the 0-10, 10-20 cm soil layers were investigated. It is suggested that: The content of soil organic nitrogen and total nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer varied in the order of PV(2.6495、1.5905 g/kg) >DV (2.5490、1.5700 g/kg)> AG (2.34、1.5015 g/kg) ; the content of soil total carbon and organic carbon in the 0-20cm soil layer varied in the order of PV> (15.6355、14.37 g/kg)> DV (13.609、11.359 g/kg)> >AG (10.876、10.810 g/kg). The ratio of C/N in the 0-20 cm soil layer varied in the order of PV (5.90)>DV (5.10)>AG (4.65). The PV community had the best ability to maintain the soil organic matter. To maintain the stability of primary vegetation community, that was important for replacement, recovery and reconstruction of soil in alpine region of Tibetan Plateau.

  A Study on Coordination between Urbanization and Farmland Resources in Hubei Province 2011, 27 (20):  235-240.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 654126KB )   ( 958 ) The study of the coordinating level between urbanization development and cultivated land change benefits both the formulation of appropriate urbanization scale and Implementation of severe cultivated land protection policy. Firstly, the cointegration theory was applied to analyze the data stability of urbanization and cultivated land change, then, coordination degree model was constructed using the model between economy and environment for reference, which was on basis of Hubei statistic yearbook (1978-2002). We analyzed the relationship between urbanization and farmland resources change in Hubei Province. The result showed that there was a nonlinear coordination between urbanization and farmland resources change in Hubei Province. In most of the period, the coordination index between urbanization and farmland resources in Hubei Province was less than 0.7, and the status quo fluctuated from time to time. The coordination degree of cultivated land resources and urbanization level assumes the type of concession, basical concession and hardly concession in most ages, it implied that there existed some unharmonious factors in farmland decrease during the urbanization. At last, some suggestions were put forward to coordinate urbanization and the farmland resources change.

  Effects of Desulfurised Gypsum form Coal Power Station on Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil 2011, 27 (20):  241-245.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 622152KB )   ( 1364 ) Saline-alkali soil is one of important reserve arable land resources for food safety. It has been demonstrated that desulfurised gypsum form coal power station can be used as soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil. However the components of desulfurised gypsum are influenced by coal material employed by power station it is necessary to understand desulfurised gypsum produced by local power station. We found that applying desulfurised gypsum, produced by No:1 Power Station of Taiyuan, to saline-alkali soil had no influences on heavy metal contents in neither soil nor plants. Soil pH could be reduced by desulfurised gypsum application; whereas it increased salt content in soil. Manure application could diminish the increase of salt concentration caused by desulfurised gypsum. The optimum application rate of desulfurised gypsum was 22.5 t/hm2.

  Influence of Straw Application on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China 2011, 27 (20):  246-250.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 548532KB )   ( 1450 ) In order to provide better understanding and handling of the influence of straw application on agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in China. The author reviewed the influences of straw application on agricultural greenhouse gas, such as CO2, N2O and CH4 based on literatures in recent year. Research showed that straw application could increase soil CO2 and CH4 emissions fluxes, but the influence on N2O emission fluxes was uncertainty. The author analyzed the influence factors of straw application on agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, the present and future research needs about straw application on the fluxes greenhouse gas from farmland soil were discussed. Straw application influenced agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in China, the influence degree and influence mechanism of each greenhouse gases were different.

  Water Consumption Characteristics of Alternative Crop Rotations in the Piedmont of Mt. Taihang 2011, 27 (20):  251-257.  Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 876488KB )   ( 864 ) North China Plain is characterized by high water consumption of winter wheat and summer maize system, considered the local crops ecological adaptation and the safety requirements of grain and cotton production, we selected 3 different crop rotations to do this long-term experiment from 2003 to 2010. These plant patterns are wheat /maize - Spring Sweetpotato - Spring Cotton - Spring Sweetpotato (G-C-S), Ryegrass / Spring Cotton - Peanut - wheat/maize (R/C-P-G) and wheat/maize- Peanut(G-P). This study was to analyze the feasibility of the three rotation patterns instead of winter wheat and summer maize plantation. This research was focused on studying the water consumption characteristics of rotation patterns. Through the determination of soil moisture in a rotation cycle (2006-2009), we analyzed the changes in soil water storage, water consumption, soil volumetric water content at all levels and the balance of soil water storage of different patterns. The results showed that compared with wheat and maize system, soil water storage and use of soil moisture at different levels of three rotation patterns showed more significant stubble effect. These three alternative rotations were better to achieve the annual complementary use of water. The water consumption of wheat/maize system was about 18% more than the patterns of G-C-S and G-P. The increase of water storage of G-C-S and G-P could reach to 20 mm a year which had no significant difference with wheat and maize system, but the invalid evaporation during the 4 years of the G-C-S and G-P was significantly higher than wheat and maize system. The water consumption of G-C-P was 5.4% less than the pattern of wheat/maize, the increase of water storage of G-C-P was about 18 mm which was significantly less than wheat/maize system. There was no significant difference between G-C-P and wheat/maize plantation in the invalid evaporation of moisture. The water-saving effect of G-C-P was better than wheat/maize system, but there was no significant difference between them. Of these three alternative patterns G-C-S and G-P plantation had the better effects to replace wheat/maize plantation. From the perspective of food security, G-P crop rotation was the best.

  A Survey about Rural Non-point Pollution in Mountain Region of Northern Zhejiang Province and the Countermeasures 2011, 27 (20):  258-264.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 1138175KB )   ( 1034 ) There are so many distinct features of rural area watershed in mountain region and plain region, so the discipline of the non-point pollution must be different. The author studied the discipline of N and P discharge in rural area in mountain region of northern Zhejiang province in Taihu lake basin and suggested some measures to treat the pollution. The results showed that the N and P source which resulted the river to be eutrophic concluded the domestic sewage, the poultry raising sewage, the runoff/drainage from paddy field and the bamboo forest and the tea plantation. In Xishan village, the N and P loads were 3604.99 t/a and 609.17 t/a, respectively. According to the contribution rate, the runoff from the bamboo forest and the tea plantation (47.59%) was the most important source of TN, and then were the poultry raising sewage (24.41%), the domestic sewage (19.94%), the runoff/drainage from paddy field (8.06%). About TP, the runoff from the bamboo forest and the tea plantation (49.59%) was the most important source, and the poultry raising sewage (24.13%), the runoff/drainage from paddy field (20.90%), the domestic sewage (5.38%) came next. People should pay attention to the pollution from the bamboo forest and the tea plantation, the poultry raising sewage, especially the bamboo forest and the tea plantations when people treat the pollution. The author suggested that restoring the stream channel, combined with the cleaning capabilities of constructed wetland, and making good use of the paddy field and the drainage ditch had a good future to reduce the N and P loads in rural area watershed in mountain regions.

  Preliminary Study on Isolation of High Effective LAS Degrading Strain and Its Degradability 2011, 27 (20):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 677752KB )   ( 1017 ) In order to supply microorganism resources to LAS pollution control, the author dealt with isolating a strain with high degradability to degrade LAS from environment and studying on its degradability. The strain with high degradability to degrade LAS, isolated through enrichment culture method from sludge soaked in detergent sewage for a long time in a region of Chongqing was called L1. The strain L1 was preliminarily recognized as Xanthomonas sp by the analysis of its morphology, physiology and biochemical characteristics. After studying, its growth and degradation rate of LAS was comparatively stable when the pH ranged between 5.0-7.5 and it could reach its summit when the pH was 7.0. What’s more, it had certain ability on pH regulations. When the consistency of LAS was 150 mg/L, it was the most favorable consistency to the growth of L1 and the degrading of LAS: the growth of L1 during 48 h could reach 0.413 (OD460) and the degrading rate was as high as 87.64%. All this showed that the strain L1 had certain potential in LAS pollution control.

  On the Current Research Situation and Prospect of Airborne Microbe in Green Space in China 2011, 27 (20):  269-273.  Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 587916KB )   ( 1008 ) The biological particles, such as bacteria, fungus spores, actinomyces, virus and so on, are widely distributed in the air. Green space has some important function, such as sterilization, air cleaning, and so on, named as air disinfector, being important to the environment and quality of human health. Many researchers have begun to pay attention to antibacterial functions of green space. Systematic studies by researchers were made on classification, concentration, particle size, and influence factors of community structures of airborne microbe in green space. The research progress of main types, monitoring contents and dynamic fluctuation of airborne microbe in green space were summarized in this paper and developing prospect was also discussed briefly here. We hold that further study on toxicology and synergistic antibacterial functions of plant were important aspect in future.

  The Application of CAPM Model in Rainfall Forecasting 2011, 27 (20):  274-277.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 621316KB )   ( 1128 ) Rainfall is an important factor in agricultural production and that how to predict the results of rainfall has important guiding significance for agricultural production. In this study, the author studied the similarity of changes in asset pricing and rainfall precipitation, and then established a rainfall’s CAPM model to forecast rainfall. The results also showed the model was reasonable in rainfall forecasting, and its calculation was simple, and easy to compare.

  The Effect of Climate Change on the Climatic Productivity of Jidong Area in the Nearly 30 Years 2011, 27 (20):  278-284.  Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 807141KB )   ( 920 ) 【OBJECTIVE】 In order to find out the annual average temperature and precipitation changing condition and the effect on crop climate productivity and the crop climate changing condition of Jidong area under the global climate change background.【METHOD】With meteorological and statistics data from 1977 to 2006 of 11 observation stations of Jidong area, based on the analysis of annual average temperature and precipitation variation, using Thornth waite Memorial model, the author calculated the impact of the climate productivity on annual average temperature and precipitation variation of this area. 【RESULT】It showed that: (1) the temperature in this area increased by (0.41-0.75)℃/10a, the volatility of the annual precipitation reduced, but not obviously; (2) In the past 30 years, the climate productivity was in decreasing tendency, but not obviously. The average utilization rate of the climatic productivity was 43.3%, with the increasing tendency; (3) ‘Warm-wet’ climate would increase the climatic productivity by 7%-20.8%; ‘Cold-dry’ climate would decrease the climatic productivity by 7.1%-9.7%, based on the future variation of the climate. 【CONCLUSION】(1) The annual average temperature change in mountain areas, plains and coastal areas showed good consistency, annual precipitation showed the inconsistency; (2) Crop climate productivity increased with the increasing of the annual average temperature and precipitation. Single temperature rising and precipitation increase can make climate productivity increase. The insufficient of precipitation became the major limitation factor rate productivity change. The productivity of this area had great potential; (3) It’s possible to increase production for the none-crop factor; (4) In future climate changing condition, ‘Warm-wet’ climate would have greater advantage of increasing productivity, ‘Cold-dry’ climate would have disadvantage of increasing climate productivity.

  The Risk Grading Regionalization of Meteorological Disaster of Facilities Agriculture in Jiangsu Province 2011, 27 (20):  285-291.  Abstract + ( 1359 )   PDF ( 1268829KB )   ( 1503 ) Based on the technology platform of GIS, utilizing the observed data to construct the greenhouse microclimate model to predict the average temperature inside greenhouse which can represent the northern and southern greenhouse in Jiangsu. Then, utilizing the common meteorological observation data which came from 7 basic and 43 ordinary stations from 1990 to 2009 and DEM data of Jiangsu province, combined with the index of meteorological disaster of facilities agriculture, the risk grading regionalization of few light disaster, low temperature disaster and high temperature disaster had been employed. The results showed that a obviously trend of enhanced frequency in mild and severe few light disaster; low temperature disaster performance the most serious in Nantong and the least serious in Peixian; moderate high temperature disaster appeared in most of Jiangsu province, high temperature disaster performance the most serious in Liyang and the least serious in Sheyang. Finally, The risk grading regionalization of meteorological disaster of facilities agriculture in Jiangsu province had been completed based on the technology platform of GIS. The results in this study can support for preventing meteorological disaster of facilities agriculture and guiding the operation earlier than the disaster for the peasant and providing the scientific basis of developing facilities agriculture with high productivity and efficiency.

  Open Park Management Issues and Policy Research——A Case of Liuzhou City 2011, 27 (20):  292-296.  Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 640599KB )   ( 1133 ) There have been new problems and contradictory appearing gradually after the park is open to the public for free. In order to investigate and study something, the author chose four parks in Liuzhou city including Liuhou park, Jiangbin park, Longtan park and Queshan park, all of which have been constructed or newly built with a special representative since June 1, 2007. Based on the investigation and study, the author concluded some problems existing in the current management of the freely open parks such as the inadequacy of capital, the green land and public instrument being destroyed, the obviously big difficulties in management, the increase of potential danger, public service instrument and the inadequate space for activities, etc. In addition, the author also put forward the system of carrying the lines between incomes and expenses, the system of carrying the finance totally supported by nation, the reinforcement in governmental investment, the strengthening for environmental spreading and educating, the introduction of market economy operation, the construction of a capable managing team with a high efficiency, the establishment and improvement of the systems related to the park’s running, the emphasis put on park’s social security and comprehensive administration, etc. All of the said managing strategies were useful for the sustainable development of open parks and make the 3 big benefits referring to the open parks’ society, economy and environment, to get a harmonious development.

  Planning and Design of Tourism Village in Beijing Valley Economy Development 2011, 27 (20):  297-300.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 518077KB )   ( 1168 ) Tourism village construction is the focus of the whole industry chain in Beijing valley economy development. With further development of economy and the consumer demand changes, Beijing mountain area truism villages cannot meet the current of the development situation. It should be to design and planning and upgraded. The author analyzed the problems of the truism villages in Beijing mountain area. Through the project planning and image design method, this paper analyzed upgraded planning cases of the three villages’ node in Yebohai, Huairou. The countermeasure should be adding investment, building more infrastructures, paying attention to the landscape design and planning, adding cultural elements, adding regional features and updating management idea, etc. To enhance the standard of tourism village, overall image design，personalized image design and product development should be done.