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• 2011 Vol.27 No.19 Published:05 August 2011

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  The Progress of the Geomantic Forests in China 2011, 27 (19):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 1219 )   PDF ( 537959KB )   ( 1896 ) Geomancy forests are the product of combining of particular Chinese geomancy, botany, architecture, aesthetics and other subjects. They are natural or cultivated vegetation communities of favorable ecological, landscape and cultural values which have been strictly protected and influenced by geomantic theory after years of historical heritage. Researches on vegetation ecology, ecological applications, development history and other aspects of geomancy forests are reviewed. The definition of geomancy forest in the community and the research direction of geomancy forest are proposed.

  Study about the Suitable Seeding Container Substrate of Diospyros lotus Emergence and Growth 2011, 27 (19):  5-9.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 692732KB )   ( 951 ) Effects of different container nursery substrate on emergence and growth of Diospyros lotus seedings were studied by cultivation shaping of non-woven fabrics technique. Besides, we valuated the nursery effect of different container substrates by factor analysis method in order to search for the suitable seeding container substrate in Diospyros lotus cultivation seedings. Diospyros lotus emergence rate in the first treatment (Vpeat∶Vpearlite=3∶1), the second treatment (Vpeat∶Vpearlite=2∶1) and the seventh treatment (Vpeat∶Vvermiculite∶Vpearlite=6∶1∶1) was significant lower than other treatments being 95.8%, respectively. However, Diospyros lotus emergence rate of the fourth (Vpeat∶Vvermiculite=3∶1), the fifth (Vpeat∶Vvermiculite= 2∶1) and the sixth (Vpeat∶Vvermiculite=1∶1) treatment was 100%. Multiple comparison results showed that seedling height and ground diameter of Diospyros lotus in the third treatment was the lowest in all of the treatments, while the fourth treatment and the sixth treatment were higher than others. Ground diameter of Diospyros lotus in the fourth, sixth, and the seventh treatment were higher than other treatments. While the biomass in the fourth treatment and the sixth treatment were higher than others, being 69.28 g and 72.67 g of above ground part biomass, 34.36 g and 34.13 g of under ground part biomass, respectively. Biomass in the third (Vpeat∶Vpearlite=1∶1) and the fifth treatment were the lowest in all the treatments. The correlative coefficients between substrate physicochemical property and the growth of Diospyros lotus seedlings were not significant. Result of factor analysis and healthy seedling index was not coincident. Factor analysis method was suitable for valuation on the nursery effect. Result showed that the sixth treatment was the best compound substrate for Diospyros lotus cultivation, next came the fourth and the seventh treatment, while the third treatment was the worst in all the treatments.

  The Effect of Initial Planting Density on Caloric Value of Young Zenia insignis Chun 2011, 27 (19):  10-13.  Abstract + ( 1198 )   PDF ( 612426KB )   ( 1116 ) In order to study the effect of initial planting density on caloric value of Zenia insignis Chun, by both initial planting density test and sampling and testing of wood, the growth, biomass and caloric value of young Zenia insignis Chun were studied. The results suggested that the diameter at breast height, tree height and biomass of four-year old Zenia insignis Chun were significantly different. There was no significantly difference on caloric value of wood density effect. When the initial planting density was 10001-40002 plants per hm2, the caloric value of individual tree was 18200 J/g around. The initial planting density was 3334-6667 plants per hm2, the caloric value of individual tree was 19000 J/g around. When the initial planting density was 40002 plants per hm2, four-year old Zenia insignis Chun biomass reached 94.2 t per hm2, the total biomass were equated with 58.69 t standard coal. Zenia insignis Chun is a good fiber energy plants.

  The Effects of Different Phosphorus Levels on Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Hevea Brasiliensis 2011, 27 (19):  14-18.  Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 668292KB )   ( 1048 ) To study the effect of phosphorus (P) deficiency on P efficiency, the hydroponics culture experiments were carried out with the Clone RRIM600 (Hevea brasiliensis) seedlings under different P levels (P2O5: 0, 1, 5, 10, 31 mg/L). The results indicated that, in the root, stem and leaf of the Hevea, the absorption efficiency decreased but the utilization efficiency increased with the decreasing of the P level; all of the P deficiency treatments significantly differed with the normal P level. With the decreasing of the P level, the P partition of leaf increased, while the partition of stem decreased and partition of root had no obvious change. The soluble P content of leaf, stem and leaf of Hevea decreased with the decreasing of P level, most of the P deficiency treatments significantly differed with the normal P level. Meanwhile, the soluble P content of leaf, stem significantly higher than the leaf. The apase activity of root, stem and leaf of Hevea obviously increased under P deficiency, which significantly higher than that of the normal P level.

  The Photosynthetic characteristics, vegetative growth and leaves color of Cotinus coggygria Scop. seedlings under different light environments 2011, 27 (19):  19-22.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 661590KB )   ( 1167 ) The photosynthetic characteristics, vegetative growth and leaves color of Cotinus coggygria Scop. seedlings under different light environments were studied. The conditions of 100%, 60%, 30%, and 15% of full sunlight were set up to simulate different light environments. The results showed that, as light intensity decreasing, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in seedlings leaves decreased; the long of primary branches and leaf number decreased; the leaf area increased, then decreased, in 60% of full light, seedlings gained the largest leaf area. In growth period, the chlorophyll contents of seedlings leaves under all light and high light treatments were obviously lower than the leaves under middle and low light treatments, and had significant difference (P < 0.05), so the leaves of seedlings under higher light was green yellow and thin, while under lower light treatments was green and thick. In changing color period, the leaves of seedlings under all light and high light turned red with chlorophyll contents decreased and anthocyanin contents increased, but the leaves got a little sunburn under all light, the leaves of seedlings under middle and low light treatments turned yellow. We suggested the C. coggygria seedlings is a heliophilous plant, need a light enough environment and slight shade (more than 70% of full sunligh) is the most suitable environment of C. coggygria seedlings.

  Comparison of Methods for Total RNA Extraction from Ginkgo biloba L. 2011, 27 (19):  23-27.  Abstract + ( 1343 )   PDF ( 763443KB )   ( 1342 ) In order to obtain an ideal total RNA extraction method of Ginkgo biloba L. providing foundation for molecular biology research, total RNA from leaves at different growth stages were extracted with three methods, including CTAB method, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether method and a modified Trizol method, and its quality and quantity were compared. The results indicated that the modified Trizol method was better than the other methods since the value of OD260/OD280 and OD260/OD230 were 1.8-2.0 and 1.9-2.1, the purities were higher, the bands of 28S and 18S rRNA on gel electrophoresis were very clear and did not degradated. Comparably, CTAB method was not very good as the first method because RNA was easy degraded and dispersed although the value is higher, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether method was not fit the requirement of RNA extraction.

  The Study on Volume Table with Two Factors for Short-rotation Industrial Timber Pinnus elliottii Engelm Plantation in Guangxi 2011, 27 (19):  28-32.  Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 627904KB )   ( 977 ) The paper focused on establishment of volume table with two factors for short-rotation industrial timber Pinus elliottii Engelm plantationin in Guangxi,which offers scientific bases for volume calculation and application of Pinus elliottii Engelm forestry management. 632 sample Pinus elliottii Engelm industrial timber trees were measured in 9 sub-farms of Guangxi stated Qinlian forestry farm with different site conditions, ages and density, 5 data models were conducted, the best volume increment model: V=-0.036509+0.010357D-0.000730D2-0.000498DH+0.000084D2H+0.001466H and volume table with two factors D (diameter) and H (height) for short-rotation industrial timber Pinus elliottii Engelm plantation were established. The average error and system error were 6.1%, 2.9%, respectively in model 1, its precision was eligible to be used in forestry production and application.

  Study on Water Conservation Function of Forest in Ecological Valley in Daxing’anling 2011, 27 (19):  33-37.  Abstract + ( 1274 )   PDF ( 579041KB )   ( 1129 ) Taking the water conservation funtion of 3 kinds of typical forest types in ecology ditch department of Daxing’anling area in Heilongjiang Province as research object, this study made comparative analysis to physical properties of forest soil, soil water-storage capacity, water-storage capacity of litter and interception quantity of forest crown by using system theory and water balance principle. The study showed that forest crown interception was the main way for precipitation redistribution in forest and played an important role in regulation and storage of water of forest. Mixed coniferous had the strongest ability of headwater conservation with 1259.07 t/hm2, followed by shrub 1046.23 t/hm2, the weakest for the larch forest 663.56 t/hm2. The land of conifer and broadleaf mixed forest had very strong ability of water conservation and regulation. The scrub forest took good improvement function on soil structure. These results provided a scientific basis for quantification research on developing conservation function of water and soil of forest and forest structure of forestations of Daxing’anling area.

  Influence Analysis of Climate Change on Dendroctonus valens LeConte’s Survival 2011, 27 (19):  38-43.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 866926KB )   ( 1153 ) In order to explore deeper reason about Dendrkctomus valens LeConte’s outbreaking, the Luliang, Zhongtiao and Taihang mountain in Shanxi province, appropriate representative sites were chosen, using rain, temperature, humidity, light and wind data from 1957 to 2005, observation data of Dendrkctomus valens LeConte, and quality data of ecological environment, the influence of climate changes on Dendrkctomus valens LeConte were analyzed by climate diagnosis. All showed that: (1) In migration, there were similar climate characteristics with its origin, which provided the most basic survival condition for Dendrkctomus valens LeConte. (2) It was the most important reason for Dendrkctomus valens LeConte’s outbreak which were appropriate climate condition caused by climate changes. (3) Quality down of ecological environment was one of important reason for Dendrkctomus valens LeConte. To contain hazardous biological invasion spreading, people should actively face and mitigate climate change, and improve ecological environment quality.

  Study on High Temperature Heat Treatment of Plantation Eucalypt Wood 2011, 27 (19):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 1261 )   PDF ( 662854KB )   ( 1079 ) Guangxi has abundant resources plantation eucalypt wood, but it has lots of disadvantages such as split, dimension stability and durability poor. To enhance its ranges of use and product added value, so the author made a study on high temperature heat treatment of it by the single factor method. The characteristics of FTIR and the effect of temperature and time of heat treated on the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of heat-treated wood (plantation eucalypt) had been researched in this paper. The results indicated that with the heat treated temperature and time increased, the EMC of wood decreased and the intensity of absorption peak of hydroxyl decreased significantly in heat treated temperature 165-210℃ and time in 1-4 h range; treated wood in 210℃ compared with EMC of untreated wood, that was decreased by 43.12%. Party's analysis showed that heat temperature affected to EMC even more notable. The results showed that decrease significantly used high temperature heat treatment to improve characteristics of plantation eucalypt wood and could greatly enhance the dimension stability.

  Canopy Height Model Segmentation Based on Marker Controlled Watershed Algorithm 2011, 27 (19):  49-54.  Abstract + ( 1859 )   PDF ( 992028KB )   ( 1371 ) Canopy height model (CHM) is the difference between canopy surface model with digital elevation model, which is forest resources inventory important data. The author proposed CHM segmentation based on marker controlled watershed algorithm. Firstly, the author used the Gaussian filter smooth CHM, obtained the crown edge; secondly, the author affirmed the crown shape by morphological reconstruction, and then exploited distance and h-minima transform to label treetop; lastly, used watershed algorithm segment CHM and outlined the canopy edge. Experimental results were provided to illustrate this method, which could effectively improve the recognition accuracy, the segmentation accuracy was 78.5% when parameter b and h was 3 and 1.5, respectively.

  The Efficiency Analysis and Path Optimization of Forestry Input-Output in China Based on Data Envelopment Analysis 2011, 27 (19):  55-59.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 660413KB )   ( 1123 ) To improve the efficiency of forestry production is the basic requirement of sustainable forestry as well as one of the key tasks of constructing modern forestry. The authors used DEA to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of input-output value of forestry, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and categories of scale values of forestry in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The results showed that Tianjin, Shanxi, Guangdong and Guizhou were relatively efficient in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China as for the input-output aspect, which meant China’s forestry management was in low level on the whole, meanwhile the projection analysis was employed to analyze the input or output low efficiency reasons, the analysis found that the forestry inputs were deficient across the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and forestry added values were great lower than the optimal targets, which hindered the forestry efficiency enhance. By virtue of the conclusion, some optimal measurements of forestry efficient improvement were put forward. i.e. only appropriate to change the provincial forestry industry structure, improve the utilization of forestry resources, it was possible to achieve the effective input-output efficiency of forestry.

  Spatial Distribution Pattern of Dominant Shrub Species in Poyang Lake Zone and Its Relationship to Soil Nitrogen 2011, 27 (19):  60-67.  Abstract + ( 1138 )   PDF ( 1597484KB )   ( 1000 ) The authors investigated the spatial distribution pattern of dominant shrub species and its relationship to soil nitrogen using the point pattern analysis, based on the plot sampling data of degenerative ecosystems in Poyang Lake zone. The results showed that: (1) Vitex trifolia presented random distribution at small scales, and transformed into contagious distribution with increasing scales; Vitex negundo showed contagious distribution at most scales. (2) At different sample plots, the scales at which the contagious intensity reached the maximum were also significantly different. (3) The soil nitrogen content of sampled plots increased significantly as the contagious intensity of dominant shrub species increased. Spatial distribution pattern of populations in a community was affected by the interaction between habitat conditions and eco-biological characteristics of populations, and was the reflection of a long-term adaption to habitats.Key words: Spatial Distribution Pattern, Shrub Species; Point Pattern Analysis; Soil Nitrogen.

  Comparison of Adaptive Cluster Samplings for Inventory of Rare Plant Hedysarum scoparium 2011, 27 (19):  68-73.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 697301KB )   ( 1086 ) Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) appears to be an effective method for sampling rare and clustering population. The forest vegetation is most rare and clustering in west China. Based on the density of Hedysarum scoparium in Ulanbuh desert edge, four kinds of adaptive cluster sampling methods and two simple rand sampling methods had been carried out, there were simple random sampling with primary units selected with replacement, simple random sampling with primary units selected without replacement, adaptive cluster sampling based on Hansen-Hurwitz estimator with primary units selected with replacement, adaptive cluster sampling based on Hansen-Hurwitz estimator without primary units selected with replacement, adaptive cluster sampling based on Horvitz-Thompson estimator with primary units selected with replacement, adaptive cluster sampling based on Horvitz-Thompson estimator with primary units selected without replacement, and simulation resampling of six methods had also been conducted, the result of which had been compared. The result showed that the design of adaptive cluster sampling using Horvitz-Thompson estimator with initial sample was selected without replacement was more effective than the others, the mean estimator relative error of which was 0.037%, and the mean variance estimator was 0.03571. These results were propitious to increase the precision and efficiency for forest inventory.

  Age Structure Analysis of Rhizomes in a Clonal Population of Carex lasiocarpa on the Sanjiang Plain of China 2011, 27 (19):  74-78.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 595943KB )   ( 813 ) In order to reveal some strategies in vegetative propagation of Carex lasiocarpa clonal popuation, and to provide the scientific basis for the protection and conservation of wetland plants, the rhizomes of C. lasiocarpa were classified into different age classes by propagation generation number of tillering node. The age structure of rhizomes was characterized in terms of length and biomass, and the pattern of quantitative change in rhizome numbers of different ages was analyzed. The results showed that rhizomes of C. lasiocarpa could live to 9 generations at most. As among the age classes, 2-6 years old were superior in the length and biomass of rhizomes. The rhizomes showed a stable age structure. During the growing season, larger changes taken place in 1 age class and 9 age class of rhizomes. 1 age class of rhizomes began to appear in the fruit and then increased rapidly. The 9 age class of rhizome was death in the late growing season. As among the age classes, 2-5 years old were superior in the dry matter storage per unit length, and 4 age class had the highest value of the dry matter storage per unit length. The final stage of the growing season was an important period for nutritional substances accumulation of C. lasiocarpa rhizome population. The rapid growth of 1 age class of rhizomes was advantageous to the population to rapid, adequately occupy or expand to grow space.

  Nutrition Analysis of Common Ants in Lesser Khingan Range 2011, 27 (19):  79-82.  Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 654575KB )   ( 1164 ) In order to provide practical and theoretical basis for better development and use of the northeast forest ants resources, the author analyzed and determined the nutrition and compared the antioxidant components in two kinds of ants’ body (Polyrhachis vicina Roger and Formica truncicola Forel) in Fenglin national nature reserve of Lesser Khingan Range in Heilongjiang province. The results showed that: Polyrhachis vicina Roger and Formica truncicola Forel were all rich in nutrients, crude protein contents exceed all the reference classes of livestock and poultry food as well as fish food. The crude protein contents of Polyrhachis vicina Roger and Formica truncicola Forel were 62.4% and 56.6%, separately. By the variance analysis we can know, they two had significant difference (P＜0.01), the vitamin C contents were 23.0 mg/g and 23.2 mg/g, separately, this showed no significant difference (F=6.161, P＞0.05); the superoxide dismutase contents (SOD) of Polyrhachis vicina Roger was 73.5 U/mL, but the superoxide dismutase contents (SOD) of Formica truncicola Forel was 42.5 U/mL, that was to say SOD contents in Polyrhachis vicina Roger’s body were 72.94% higher than in Formica truncicola Forel. Similarly, the peroxidase contents (POD) of Polyrhachis vicina Roger was 7.1 U/mL, while the peroxidase contents (POD) of Formica truncicola Forel was 4.7 U/mL, that meant POD contents in Polyrhachis vicina Roger’s body were 51.06% higher than in Formica truncicola Forel. The conclusions were, Polyrhachis vicina Roger was more suitable as protein health food for development; the two kinds ants all had high antioxidant ingredients, can do the development and utilization for the pharmaceutical industry.

  The Role of Endophytes in Medical Plants and the Effect of Endophytes on Secondary Metabolites 2011, 27 (19):  83-88.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 565587KB )   ( 2072 ) Endophyte and its host medicinal plants formed a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship in the long-term co-evolution process. This paper reviewed the relationship between endophyte and the accumulation of active ingredients, and the effect mechanism of endophyte to secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The principle of endophyte to the growth, stress resistance and genuineness of medicinal plants were discussed. The main problems and countermeasures were provided too.

  Research progress of growth and development and resistance to Stress on tall fescue turfgrass 2011, 27 (19):  89-93.  Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 524704KB )   ( 1030 ) Abstract: Tall fescue turf grass is cool-season perennials turf grass, had widely been applied and cultured in our country because of its higher resistance to stress and stronger adaptive ability. In this paper, growth and development, culture technique, resistance to stress of tall rescue home and abroad were summarized, and the prospects of tall fescue were put forward according to research of and its development trends，in order to give references for further study and reasonable use of tall fescue．

  Establishment of cDNA-AFLP Sliver Staining Technical System in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) 2011, 27 (19):  94-99.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 1491539KB )   ( 1160 ) In order to obtain white period leaves genes in Anji Bacha, cDNA-AFLP amplification reaction system was established and optimized, and cDNA-AFLP was analyzed. In the experiment of leaf in Anji Bacha, the optimization of cDNA-AFLP reaction system was studied by employing white and green period leaves as samples. Different levels of concentration of primer, dNTP mixture, Mg2+ and Taq DNA polymerase were studied in 20 μL amplification system. The results showed that amplification effects are good when the volume of primer concentration was 75 ng/20 μL, Mg2+ concentration was 2.0 mM, dNTP concentration was 0.2 mM, Taq DNA polymerase was 1 U in 20 μL pre-amplification system and the volume of primer concentration was 75 ng/20 μL, Mg2+ concentration was 2.5 mM, dNTP concentration was 0.2 mM, Taq DNA polymerase was 1.5 U in 20 μL selective amplification system. This test obtained better pre-amplification and selective amplification system.

  Clone and Expression Profile of A Cold-inducible Gene of Camellia sinensis 2011, 27 (19):  100-104.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 1017480KB )   ( 1323 ) Study about the mechanism of cold acclimation of tea plants is of importance for elucidating the frost resistance of perennial plants and breeding cold-resistance variety of tea plants. In present paper, CsCOR1 gene was cloned from tea leaves by RACE approach, and the expression profile of CsCOR1 gene were analyzed by Real-time RT PCR strategy under cold, hyperosmosis and ABA-treatment. The results show that CsCOR1 gene encodes a 86 amino-acid peptide, which consists of a hydrophobic N-terminal region for a signal peptide and a hydrophilic C-terminal domain that is rich in glycine，arginine and proline. There are two internal repeat sequences in mature CsCOR1. CsCOR1 expression was induced dramatically by cold/hyperosmosis and moderately by ABA in tea leaves via real-time RT PCR analysis.

  Effects of Water Deficit at Maturing Stage on Neutral Aroma Constituents of Flue-cured Tobacco 2011, 27 (19):  105-109.  Abstract + ( 1166 )   PDF ( 603539KB )   ( 1117 ) A pot experiment was conducted to study effects of different soil water moisture on neutral aroma constituents of flue-cured tobacco at maturing stage. The soil moistures were controlled at (40±5)%, (60±5)%, (70±5)% or (80±5)%. The results indicated that at the soil water level of (40±5)%, the total amount of kinds of aroma constituents of ‘Yunyan 97’ were the lowest. At the soil water level of (60±5)%, the total amount of kinds of aroma constituents of ‘Yunyan 97’ were the highest. The effects of different soil water moisture on some neutral aroma constituent of ‘Yunyan 97’ were not the same. The soil water level of (60±5)% was benefit to the neutral aroma constituents at maturing stage.

  Identification on Causal Agent of Dendrobium Black Spot and Indoor Determination of Fungicide Toxicity 2011, 27 (19):  110-114.  Abstract + ( 1447 )   PDF ( 2537217KB )   ( 1189 ) In order to identify the pathogen and provide effective disease control, a series of fungal isolation, purification, plant reinoculation were conducted, and six indoor fungicides toxicity was determined. The experimental results showed one fungal pathogen was isolated from the infected leaves. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculated the isolates by wound inoculation with a sterile needle into tender leaves of young dendrobium plants. After 20 days at 25°C, all inoculated leaves showed black spots, just similar to that observed in the field. A fragment of approximately 600bp of the rDNA-ITS gene was amplified via PCR with the universal primer and sequenced. Subsequent database searches in the NCBI indicated that the resulting sequences had 100% identity with the corresponding gene of Phyllosticta sp. Six fungicides toxicity on mycelial growth of Phyllosticta sp was tested in laboratory. The results showed that Cabria and Sportak could inhibit the Phyllosticta sp mycelial growth effectively. This study provided a scientific basis for dendrobium leaf black spot disease control.

  Prokaryotic Expression and Antiserum Preparation of the CP gene of Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus 2011, 27 (19):  115-120.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 1340884KB )   ( 972 ) The aim was to study the technology which detected Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), which was one of the most important and worldwide viruses attacking orchids. Chinese Cymbidium plants which showed disease symptoms were collected from Zhangzhou, Fujian. One pair of specific primers was designed for amplification of the coat protein (CP) gene from the samples infected with ORSV. The open reading frame encoding CP of ORSV isolate obtained from Zhangzhou, Fujian is 477 bp, encoding a 18.0 kD protein with 158 aa. The expected CP gene was then inserted into the pET-29a (+) vector for the prokaryotic expression. And the aimed protein was purified and used to immune the rabbit for antiserum preparation. According to the result of ID-ELISA analysis, specific rabbit anti-ORSV serum was prepared with a high titre of 1:25600, a working concentration of 1:12800, and a sap sensitivity of 0.195 mg/mL. Western blot analysis confirmed that the antiserum reacted strongly and specifically to the CP of ORSV. There were no obvious cross reactions between the antiserum and 11 kinds of homologous or heterologous viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).

  Induction of Lilium amabile Bulb and Establishment of Regeneration System 2011, 27 (19):  121-124.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 541890KB )   ( 1032 ) Wild lily species is exiguous, individual species is unique to China, rapid propagation is an effective method to protect endangered or rare wild lily species. The purpose of this experiment was to develop a rapid propagation of Lilium amabile. This study used wild lily Lilium amabile as test materials, based on MS culture medium, additional different type and concentration of plant growth regulating substances (6-BA, NAA) induced adventitious bud and regenerative plants. With Lilium amabile bulb as explant, and determine the best sterilization time, bulbs affected bulb bud induction best hormone combination and different hormone of bulb buds proliferation influence. The results showed that the best disinfecting time was 0.1 % HgCl disinfection 10 minutes; Due to the different proportion endogenous hormones, the best bulb inductive medium: MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L; the best subculture medium: MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L; the best proliferation medium: MS + 6-BA1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.15 mg/L.

  Study on Cutting Propagation of Dai Medicine Aspidopterys obcordata var. obcordata 2011, 27 (19):  125-128.  Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 540447KB )   ( 880 ) The effects of different cutting materials, cutting substrates, exogenous hormone and cutting date on the cutting survive rate of Aspidopterys obcordata var. obcordata were studied to obtain an optimum cutting condition. The results showed that both of roots and stems of A. obcordata var. obcordata could be used as the cutting materials. When the semi-lignified branches or roots were chose as cutting materials and river sand as cutting matrix, the cutting survive rate was reached 67.78%~100%. The cutting survive rate was improved evidently with the treatment of NAA or IAA and the best cutting time was in the middle of March.

  Chemometrics Research on the Trace Elements in Flowers of Gentianaceae from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 2011, 27 (19):  129-132.  Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 559186KB )   ( 1113 ) The study aimed to comprehensively evaluate 6 kinds of trace elements of flowers of Gentianaceae in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The factor analysis and cluster analysis methods were used to analyze the data of trace elements in flowers of Gentianaceae from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and find the relationship between 6 kinds of trace elements including Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Combining with MATLAB2010, the chemometrics methods were made on the trace elements of flowers of Gentianaceae and the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. The first commonality factor F1 had greater load on the indexes of Cu, Fe and Mn, and the second commonality factor F2 had greater load on the indexes of Ca and Mg, and the third commonality factor F3 had greater load on the index of Zn. Six kinds of trace elements in flowers of Gentianaceae in the order were manual twist Gentiana flowers >Gentian nubigena Edgew>linear Gentian flowers>hosta blue Gentian flowers>yellow tube Gentiana flowers>tube flowers Gentiana flowers. The study provided the scientific base and theoretical foundation for the relation development of flowers of Gentianaceae resource and for the research of medication efficiency and trace elements．

  Extraction of Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Protein from Ginseng 2011, 27 (19):  133-136.  Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 667350KB )   ( 1202 ) The ginseng protein was extracted from ginseng powder, and the inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was detected. Ginseng powder was prepared by stirring in water (pH 9.0), followed by centrifugation at 3000 r/m for 20 min. An ACE inhibitor was purified by using consecutive chromatographic methods, including: D101 macroporous resin chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The inhibitory activity of ACE was determined as ACE inhibitory activity in vitro of ginseng protein. The ginseng protein had inhibitory activity for ACE, the ACE inhibitor could be extracted by using consecutive chromatographic methods, and the ACE inhibitory ratio could achieve 92.5%.

  Category Identification and Analysis of Carotenoids in Chinese Cabbage 2011, 27 (19):  137-143.  Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 1492859KB )   ( 1280 ) To establish a method for identification of carotenoids in chinese cabbage, reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), coupled with carotenoid standards and photodiode array detection was used to analyze caotenoid composition in different genotypes of chinese cabbage. 48 kinds of carotenoids were separated on a C30 column, and 30 of them were identified on the basis of retention time and spectral characteristics with standards. Among which neurosporene, zeaxanthin, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, γ-carotene and violaxanthinand were first identified from chinese cabbage. The kinds of carotenoid varied among genotypes and those in orange-heading chinese cabbage were the most. The results also indicated that this method was suitable for identification of carotenoids in chinese cabbage.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by SSR Markers 2011, 27 (19):  144-149.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 681195KB )   ( 1096 ) The genetic diversity of 48 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), which were from domestic and foreign, was analyzed by SSR markers. The results showed that 45 pairs of primers performed 326 allele loci, and the percentage of polymorphism locus was 86.2% with 281 loci was detected. The average number of allele and polymorphism loci per primer was 7.2 and 6.2, respectively. The range of PIC per primer was 0.374~0.856, with the average of 0.699. Difference among the accessions was large with the genetic similarity range 0.48~0.79. To set 0.51 as the threshold, all 48 accessions were divided into 3 groups, as winter group, weak-winter group and spring group. The groups were independent, but still had degree of mutual inter-penetration. That was to say the accessions might have some genetic relationship. The result of PCA and cluster analysis was consistent. It concluded that SSR could reveal the genetic diversity of germplasm, provide help for preservation of germplasm, and analyze genetic diversity of breeding material. It had important reference for breeding.

  Study on Index of Evaluation and Method of Identification in Low Temperature and Weak Light Tolerance of Vegetable Soybean 2011, 27 (19):  150-155.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 818680KB )   ( 929 ) To establish an effective, reliable identification method and evaluation index of soybean resistance to low temperature and weak light, twelve vegetable soybean strains were primary studied on the difference of adaptability to low temperature and weak light with germination time, survival ratio, index of biochemistry and morphology. The result was proved germination time, survival ratio, active of SOD, POD and CAT of vegetable soybean existed evident differences under the condition of light (60-80μmol/(m2?s)), temperature(12℃), and relevant analysis showed that the protective enzyme activity and light temperature combination was very significant positive correlation.

  Investigation of Three Sulfonamides Residues Contamination in Vegetables Sold in Hefei 2011, 27 (19):  156-160.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 694582KB )   ( 1170 ) To investigate typical sulfonamides residues contamination of vegetables, the contents of three sulfonamides in 14 kinds of vegetables sold in Hefei were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that three sulfonamides were detected in vegetables in different levels, but the contamination levels varied significantly with different sulfonamides. SM2 was detected in 97.3% of the samples, the maximum concentration was 0.5824 mg/kg; SMZ was detected in 24.5% of the samples, the maximum concentration was 0.0296 mg/kg; SDZ was detected in 22.8% of the samples, the maximum concentration was 0.0298 mg/kg. The contents of sulfonamides varied significantly in different kinds of vegetables, the contamination of sulfonamides in leaf vegetables and root vegetables was severe; SM2 was mainly distributed in leave and root of vegetable. The detectable rate of SDZ and SMZ in vegetables sold in winter was higher than in summer. The evaluation results showed that the contamination of SM2 was the most serious, the over standard rate was 96.3%; the contamination level of SDZ and SMZ was relatively low, the over standard rates were 1.8% and 24.5%, respectively. The results showed that the residues contamination of sulfonamides in vegetables was serious.

  Cluster Analysis on Yield and Quality Characters of Different Chinese kale Varieties 2011, 27 (19):  161-165.  Abstract + ( 1133 )   PDF ( 517403KB )   ( 1004 ) Cluster analysis on plant morphology, yield and quality characters of 27 commercial Chinese kale varieties was made. The results showed that, 27 Chinese kale varieties were divided into 4 groups according to morphology and yield characters. Group Ⅱ could further be divided into 3 subgroups, among which 3 varieties in Ⅱ-1 subgroup performed well on plant morphology and yield characters. 27 Chinese kale varieties were divided into 4 groups according to quality characters. Group Ⅰ could further be divided into 2 subgroups, among which 10 varieties inⅠ-1 subgroup performed well on integrated quality characters. The maturity, morphology, yield and quality of Chinese kale varieties were obviously different, thus suitable varieties should be chosen according to production aims in practice.

  The Effect of Cadmium Stress on Two Genotype Tomato Seedlings 2011, 27 (19):  166-171.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 889772KB )   ( 1116 ) In order to investigate the different response of antioxidant system to Cd stress in relation to genotype in different tomato cultivars, Hydroponically grown tomato young seedlings under 0, 15 and 30 mg/L Cd stress were used, we detected antioxidant system in two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) seedlings (hyper-accumulator ‘YSL189’ and low-accumulator ‘HZ903’). The results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzyme varied significantly because of Cd stress in relation to different cultivars, tissues and enzymes. For ‘YSL189’, the activities of POD and CAT in above-ground tissue were increased followed the addition of Cd in growing medium, and get higher values significantly than ‘HZ903’ which decrease tendency in the two enzymes; both cultivars posses increased and then decreased SOD in stem-leaves tissue. We made the conclusion that according to the different antioxidant enzymes, the POD and CAT can adopt to higher Cd concentration than SOD, especially in high-accumulator ‘YSL189’. Because of higher antioxidant enzymes activities and higher GSH level, the ‘YSL189’ get no more TBARS than ‘HZ903’ base on the higher Cd accumulation.

  Study on Effect of Biogas Slurry from Swine Farms on Tomato Quality in Soilless Cultivation 2011, 27 (19):  172-175.  Abstract + ( 1224 )   PDF ( 658821KB )   ( 1091 ) he objective of this study was to determine the effect of applying biogas slurry from swine farms on tomato fruit quality in soilless cultivation. Four treatments (T1, T2 and T3 representing mixed irrigation with a ratio of fresh water to slurry of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, and T4 for alternate irrigation of fresh water and slurry) with a control were set to study the effects of irrigating biogas slurry on tomato quality. Vc, reducing sugar, crude protein, soluble solid, total copper, total zinc, nitrate and nitrite of tomato fruits were tested, and results showed that Vc content of tomato fruit increased while reducing sugar content did not in slurry treatments. Crude protein and soluble solid contents of tomato fruit in T4 improved while total copper, total zinc, nitrate and nitrite contents did not increase. It concluded that T4 was suitable for improving tomato fruit quality while ensuring food safety.

  Research of Distant Hybridization between Fig-leaf Gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia) and Three Mainly Cultivated Species in Cucurbita 2011, 27 (19):  176-180.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 823736KB )   ( 1316 ) Asynchronous flowering period in different species of Cucurbita was overcome by the means of adjusting sowing time. The experiment of interspecific hybridization was done between 12 materials of three mainly cultivated species (C. pepo, C. moschata and C. maxima) and fig-leaf gourd (C. ficifolia.). It was no fruit when the fig-leaf gourd act as female parent，and it was fruiting when the other three mainly cultivated species did. There were no seeds in the fruits when C. pepo×C. ficifolia and C. maxima×C. ficifolia. 18 F1 plants of C. moschata×C. ficifolia were obtained. The stamens were degenerate in the plants of the interspecific hybrids F1. It was fruiting but no seeds when the interspecific hybrids F1 as female parent and backcrossing using C. moschata or the C. ficifolia as male parent. The plant morphology of F1 of C. moschata×C. ficifolia was intermediate type of parents and had a tendency to the male parent. Disease resistance and insect resistance of the F1 were worse than C. ficifolia of male parent and approached C. moschata of female parent.

  Effect of Genotypes on Haploid Plant Induced by Pollination with Irradiated Pollens in Cucumber 2011, 27 (19):  181-185.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 1270644KB )   ( 1544 ) Effect of genotypes on haploid plant induced by pollination with irradiated pollens was studied, by using 29 cucumber genotypes as female. The results indicated that variation of induction efficiency ranged from 0.18 to 2.20 and the mean was 0.76. 11 genotypes haploid plan induction efficiency ranged from 0.5 to 1, which occupied 37.93% among all genotypes. 10 genotypes haploid plan induction efficiency ranged from 0.18 to 0.5, which occupied 34.48% among all genotypes. Induction rates of different genetypes had diversity.

  Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Paenibacillus Strain from the Package of Agrocybe cylindracea Processed by Super High Pressure Technology 2011, 27 (19):  186-192.  Abstract + ( 1613 )   PDF ( 4439112KB )   ( 974 ) The aim of this study is to identify the bacteria strain numbered as WM1003 isolated from the package of the Agrocybe cylindracea processed by super high pressure technology. The genomic DNA of the strain WM1003 was isolated and purified. 16S rRNA gene sequence was amplified using genomic DNA of the strain WM1003 as template and was sequenced. Phylogenetic position of the WM1003 was analyzed by using MEGA4.0 based on the 16S rRNA sequences. PCR product of the strain WM1003 was about 1600 bp. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain WM1003 was accepted by GenBank as HM748831. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequences showed that the strain WM1003 held highest similarity with Paenibacillus jamilae CECT 5266 (99.5%). In the present study, the strain WM1003 was identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. This laid the foundation for the application of super high pressurs technology in Agrocybe cylindracea.

  Nutrient Element (N) Reproductive Allocation of Sagittaria trifolia under Different Nitrogen Levels 2011, 27 (19):  193-198.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   PDF ( 626943KB )   ( 947 ) Through sampling measure on paddy field weed Sagittaria trifolia under different nitrogen levels, each component nutrient element (N) reproductive allocation was researched in the seeding stage, the flowering stage and the ripening stage. The results indicated that from seeding stage to ripening stage, each organ total nitrogen content and the whole nitrogen content increased, nitrogen element allocation to root and stem increased, to leaf decreased, to the reproductive organs increased. In flowering stage, nitrogen element allocation pattern showed that leaf> root and stem> flower>scape, and nitrogen element to root and stem increased, to leaf decreased with supplying nitrogen increased and nitrogen element reproductive allocation ratio show that N2>N3>N1>CK. In ripening stage, nitrogen element allocation pattern showed that root and stem> leaf> fruit>scape, the priority of nitrogen element was allocate to reserve organ (root and stem), and nitrogen element allocation to root and stem decreased, to leaf increased with supplying nitrogen increased, and nitrogen element reproductive allocation ratio show that N3>N2>CK>N1. Meanwhile, Sagittatia trifolia gave priority to clone reproduction in low nitrogen supply level (CK and N1), to sexual reproduction in high nitrogen supply level (N2 and N3).

  Comparison on the Effects of Rootstocks on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Sweet Cherry ‘Summit’ under Salt Stress 2011, 27 (19):  199-204.  Abstract + ( 1278 )   PDF ( 933233KB )   ( 1219 ) To study the effect of rootstocks G5 and B5 on photosynthetic properties of sweet cherry ‘summit’ under salt stress, the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of ‘summit’ combined with G5 and B5 were measured under different NaCl treatments. The results showed that, the value of Pn, Gs, Fv/Fo, ΦPSII and ETR declined obviously paralleled with NaCl concentration or treatment time in leaves of ‘summit’ combined with G5 (S-G5) and ‘summit’ combined with B5 (S-B5), photosynthesis of ‘summit’ was inhibited by salinity most cause for stomatal limitation under moderate salinity (3‰ and 6‰ NaCl), while most cause for nonstomatal limitation under high salinity (9‰ NaCl).The discrepancy on photosynthesis between S-G5 and S-B5 depended on the salinity degree, Pn, Gs, Fv/Fo, ΦPSII and ETR in S-G5 declined later and lower than that in S-B5 under moderate salinity, while declined faster and higher under high salinity treatment.

  Study on Correlation between Leaf of Vegetative Shoot Character and Fruit Character in Hybrid Progeny of Fragrant Pear 2011, 27 (19):  205-209.  Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 530410KB )   ( 749 ) The correlation between leaf character and fruit character in hybrid progeny of fragrant pear were studied, early stage selection was conducted in hybrid progeny of fragrant pear by leaf character. The correlations among different leaves of vegetative shoot character, branches character and fruit character in the progeny of 12 fragrant pear cross combinations were studied, the results showed that the significant or very significant positive correlation were presented among single fruit weight, fruit horizontal diameter, fruit vertical diameter, fruit-type index and other characters in hybrid progeny of fragrant pear. It showed different correlation with leaves characters on the basal part, the middle part, the top part of vegetative shoot. Leaf index of basal leaves was significantly positively correlative with fruit vertical diameter and single fruit weight. The very significant negative correlation was presented between leaf area of middle leaves with fruit core size, and the prominent positive correlation was presented between fruit horizontal diameter. The very significant negative correlation was presented between leaf width with fruit core size. Leaf area of top leaves and leave width were significantly negatively correlative with fruit core size. Internode length of vegetative shoot was significantly positively correlative with single fruit weight, fruit horizontal diameter and fruit vertical diameter. The regression equation also can be used to forecast seedling stage and sapling stage.

  Studies on the Change of Nutritional Components of Pre and Post Ripening in Different Lines of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Anli’ 2011, 27 (19):  210-213.  Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 669377KB )   ( 981 ) Mature fruits of seven lines of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Anli’ in Yanshan area were stored in common temperature. The changes of nutritional components of pre and post ripening in different lines of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Anli’ were studied. The results showed that fruit softens and hardness decreases of post ripening due to content of pectin and cellulose decreased in fruit structure. Content of soluble solid, titratable acid, phenolics and stone cells were increased, and pectin, pH, TSS-Acid ratio and cellulose decreased in seven lines of ‘Anli’ pre and post ripening. 10-7 and 10-8 of Dongle village had the best fruit quality and the highest nutritional components in seven lines of ‘Anli’, and didn’t browning easily. Fruits of 11-2 in Dacui village had the best storage tolerance, nutritional components had lower losses during storage, and can be used as further study of the fine lines.

  Study on Gene-gene Interactions between GA20ox1 and rol gene in Transgenic Citranges 2011, 27 (19):  214-221.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 1750864KB )   ( 1178 ) To examine the gene-gene interactions between GA20ox1 and rol gene so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of dwarfing morphogenesis in citrange. The potted seedlings of transgenic citrange with rol ABC genes were used as trial materials, the sensitive response to GAs was tested by spraying GA3 regularly, the expression of GA20ox1 and rol A, B and C genes were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR, phytohormone content of tender bud were quantified by GC/MS method. The result demonstrated transgenic citrange was neither defective genotype of GA3, nor unsensitive genotype of GA3. However, the spraying of GA3 elongated the internode; it was still shorter than wild type citrange. The content of IAA (P<0.01), GA1 and GA4 decreased (P<0.05) while peroxidase activity increased markedly in the tender bud of transgenic citrange (P<0.01). The GA20ox1 expression quantity markedly decreased in apical bud (P<0.01), while it was similar in tender stem of B, D clones, and decreased in old leaves, compared with that in wild type. However, the expression in tender stem and old leaves were increased. Also its expression in tender leaves was higher than wild type. The expression of rol C gene and GA20ox1 gene reveal negative correlation in tender bud, tender stems. rol gene expression could inhibit synthesis of GAs by down regulating the expression of GA20ox1 gene in bud, lower bioactive GAs could suppress citrange growth, then it played an important role in constructing dwarfing characteristics of transgenic citrange with rol ABC genes.

  Preliminary Study on the Origin of a Good Locale Citrus Varieties——Citrus reticulata ‘Gonggan’ 2011, 27 (19):  222-227.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 725972KB )   ( 967 ) The phylogenetic relationships among Citrus reticulata ‘Gonggan’ and partial Citrus were investigated by random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD). Ten primers generated 87 bands, with an average of 97.7% polymorphic bands. Dendrogram was drawn by the genetic similarity among the materials tested, which could help to clearly distinguish the relationships among different species, breeds and lines. The genetic background of Citrus reticulata ‘Gonggan’ was analyzed primarily as well, the results supported the view that Citrus reticulata ‘Gonggan’ was a natural hybrid of orange and tangerine more emphasis on tangerine which originating from Sihui region.

  RAPD Analysis of Genetic Diversity on Germplasm Resources of Oriental Melon 2011, 27 (19):  228-233.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 863254KB )   ( 972 ) The genetic diversity of oriental melon resources was analyzed with RAPD. 11 RAPD random primers produced 78 polymorphic bands, averaged 5.3 bands each primer pair. The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 74.4%. Genetic distance was calculated by the NTSYS-pc software. A dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA based on genetic distance matrix. 41 accessions were clustered into three groups and eight subgroups based on the RAPD data by the method of clustering analysis, and four groups and twelve subgroups by the method of principal coordinates analysis. The results from these two methods were similar, but the result from the principal coordinate analysis was more informative.

  Analysis of Results from Smut Resistant Identification in Sugarcane Varieties Introduced 2011, 27 (19):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 966872KB )   ( 1009 ) In order to prove the level of smut resistance of new sugarcane varieties introduced and provide materials for sugarcane breeding of smut resistance, using mixed spores of Ustilago scitaminea Sydow from Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, a main sugarcane-producing area, as the inoculum, by dipping inoculation method, smut resistance identification has been carried out in the 17 sugarcane varieties introduced through a new plant and a ratoon field experiments, the results showed that Q200B, Q124, Q171, Q190, Q138, Q208, Q151 and Q96 were resistant to smut, accounting for 47.1%; Q135, Q170, Q182 and Q183 were moderately resistant to smut, accounting for 23.5%; Q155 was susceptible to smut, accounting for 5.9%; Q157, Q200A, Q117 and Q120 were highly susceptible to smut, accounting for 23.5%; no varieties with resistance level of high resistance. In addition, we initially concluded that there were 3 or more races of Ustilago scitaminea Sydow in cane area of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.

  Occurrence of Sugarcane Ratoon Stunting Disease in Sugarcane Healthy Seed Nurseries 2011, 27 (19):  239-243.  Abstract + ( 1335 )   PDF ( 1712665KB )   ( 830 ) Ratoon stunting (RSD) is a major disease of sugarcane affecting sugarcane yield, sucrose and ratoon sugarcane years, and one of the important reasons of sexual degradation, causing seriously economic loss. In this paper, in order to investigate the occurrence of ratoon stunting disease at all levels and to provide scientific guidance for the nursery plantlets production, an established ratoon stunting virus PCR detection technology was used to monitor ratoon stunting disease-free seed production of plantlets or nursery seedlings, The results showed that RSD were not detected in the nursery in the new kinds of primary and secondary health plantlets, like ‘YT00-236’ and ‘ROC22’, while RSD detection rates in nursery perennial species of a health were 20% and 5%, respectively. In addition, RSD detection rates at all levels of health of the total species of nursery were 6.7% and 2%, which were reduced by 86.6% and 68%, respectively, compared with the common stem seedlings. Thus, our results indicated that the RSD bacteria had been effectively removed in the established nursery healthy sugarcane plantlets.

  Study on Physiological-biochemical Characteristic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Functional Leaves of Oil Palm during the Male Flower’ Development Stages 2011, 27 (19):  244-250.  Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 920664KB )   ( 807 ) In order to find out the physiological-biochemical characteristics of functional leaf as the main organ for energy during male flowers’ development stages of oil palm and the relationship with the male flowers, the author studied on dynamic changes of soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein, parameters of antioxidant system and chlorophyll fluorescence of functional leaf during male flowers’ development stages of four oil palm varieties, and correlated with male flowers characters. The results showed that with the development of male flowers, functional leaf metabolism showed a certain coordinate synchronization. At unopened bud and split stage, a large number of nutrients produced of functional leaves were transferred to the growth of male flowers, soluble sugar, sucrose and soluble protein showed low levels. The ratio of sucrose to soluble sugar was highest at split stage, metabolism was strongest. Superoxide anion radical by-products as a strong metabolism, removed by three protective enzymes ‘POD, SOD, CAT’, to protect the normal physiological function of functional leaves. With the male flowers morphogenesis, accumulating and wilting, Fo, Fv, Fm of Functional leaves highest, Fo/Fm lowest, minimal damage to photosynthetic apparatus, chlorophyll content highest, photosynthetic electron transport activity at the split stage while the Fv/Fm remained stable state. Unopened bud and split stage were closely related to the male flowers and function leaves metabolism, was the key period of cultivation and management.

  Analysis of 12 Kinds of Roof Greening Woody Plants Cold Resistance under Natural Conditions in Winter 2011, 27 (19):  251-254.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 650917KB )   ( 919 ) To explore the cold resistance ability of roof greening woody plants and screen out the more cold resistance plants, the 1-year-old dormant shoots cell membrane permeability of 12 kinds woody plants were determined by conductivity combined with the roof surface temperature, wind, relative humidity observed on roof and ground under natural cooling conditions in winter in December, 2010, January and February, 2011. The results showed that the roof had higher temperature, greater speed wind and lower humidity than the grand in winter in Shijiazhuang. The cold resistance of Broussonetia papyrifera, Salix matsudana, Lonicera maackii were best, and which of Ulmus pumila ‘jinye’, Morus alba, Periploca sepium, Ulmus pumila Populus simonii and Ligustrum cv. ‘Vicaryi’ were better, and the cold resistance of Sorbaria sorbifolia, Kerria japonica and Swida alba were worst. It was feasible for using conductivity to evaluate the cold resistance of roof greening woody plants, and which can provide a reference for screening better cold resistance woody plants.

  Practical Application of ‘Principles of Production Tea Garden’ 2011, 27 (19):  255-262.  Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 631285KB )   ( 600 ) Abstract: Crops over the past characteristics of the non-leaf tea or experience for a long time less effective, in order to change this situation was to explore the principles of tea, but it is used in the production of practice, theory and practice in order to better integration, to build a practical plan in advance, the practice of the basic content of the program are: Principles of tea to stay under the guidance of tea leaves to develop technology, standards and methods to stay leaves. So that the tea leaves to stay way from the theoretical basis to keep tea leaves to form a system. The formation of this system is the formation of the basic role of tea. And its formation, but also to make tea leaves remained a leading role in the formation. In the tea leaves of the dominant role of stay, according to the amount of tea leaves remained to determine the amount of hectares of tea garden fertilization fertilization, the result of the implementation will be able to grow tea to get the intended results. This has created a concept model of practice. This practice is not the original concept of abstract model theory tea, but it combined the regularity of tea, purpose and the combination of real possibility.

  Analysis on the Stability of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Regional Trail by AMMI Model 2011, 27 (19):  263-267.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 581287KB )   ( 957 ) Abstract: AMMI model has obvious advantages of analyzing the interactions between varieties and locations, and it can described the differences in the stability of varieties and the discriminability of varieties in different locations quantitatively.The prolificacy and yielding stability of four pilots and seven varieties were analyzed for flue-cured tobacco regional trial in Henan province with AMMI model,the result showed that all the mean yield of new varieties tested were higher than control NC89；the variety Y106 and H8190 had high and stable yield with wide adaptability;Y102 had highest yield,but it had a poor stability;The yielding dependability of variety 8182 was better,but it had a poor prolificacy; the variety 8122 and Youxuanyihao had poor prolificacy and yielding dependability;The prolificacy of variety NC89 was poor, and it had a general yield stability.

  Effects of Plant Density and Remained Leaves Number on Main Economic Characters of ‘KRK26’Zimbabwe Introduced Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivars 2011, 27 (19):  268-271.  Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 591053KB )   ( 791 ) The effects of plant density and the remained leaves number on main economic characters of ‘KRK26’ of Zimbabwe introduced flue-cured tobacco cultivar in Zhaotong city of Yunnan Province were studied to explore the its cultivation techniques. The results showed that: the plant-row-line-spacing combining of 120 cm×55 cm and the 21 remained leaves number had the best yield, value and output index. The plant-row-line-spacing combining of 120 cm×55 cm and the 23 remained leaves number had the best average price, grade index and proportion of high grade leaves. The appropriate cultivation measures of the ‘KRK26’, Zimbabwe introduced flue-cured tobacco cultivar were 120 cm row spacing, 55 cm plant spacing and 21 to 23 remained leaves number in Zhaotong city of Yunnan Province.

  Salt resistance between three kinds of turfgrass and the related research about their leaf microstructure 2011, 27 (19):  272-276.  Abstract + ( 1421 )   PDF ( 1557213KB )   ( 841 ) Abstracts: In order to understand the salt tolerance of Tall Fescue L., Poa pratensis L.and Lolium Perenne L.,8 different varieties, Festuca arundinacea L.（Barlexas, AridⅢ, Sunboy）, Poa pratensis L.（Nassau , Bluechip, Merit）and Lolium Perenne L．（Prime，Focus）had been treated by nutrient solution in different concentration of NaCl. The results showed that: the critical concentration of salt of Poa pratensis L. was 200 mmol / L, the critical concentration of salt of Tall Fescue L. and Lolium Perenne L．was 150 mmol / L ; salt-tolerance of the differences: Bluechip was the best, Prime was the worst. The related leaf microstructures have been observed also, that included bulliform cell ,Vascular, Epidermic cell,stomatal apparatus,the results indicated: the capacity of salt tolerance of Poa pratensis L.was due to its microstructures similar with other salt-tolerant plants. Key words: turfgrass;salt resistance;leaf microstructure

  The Study on Antiviral Effect of Chlorogenic Acids from Flos Lonicerae japonicae and Flos lonicerae on NDV in Vitro 2011, 27 (19):  277-282.  Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 1119988KB )   ( 826 ) The aim was to study the antiviral effects between Flos Lonicerae japonicae and Flos lonicerae which were very different in price. Chlorogenic acids were extracted from them. The antiviral effects of the Chlorogenic acids extracts on the infection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to cells were investigated by observing cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cell, and the cell survival rate by MTT method was detected. The antivirus effects of Flos Lonicerae japonicae and Flos Lonicerae were compareed. The results showed that the chlorogenic acids ingredients from Flos Lonicerae japonicae and Flos Lonicerae had significant antivirus function in safe concentration; the chlorogenic acids extracts had obvious interdiction, inhibition and neutralization effects to NDV in Vero cell. There were no obvious differences between Flos Lonicerae japonicae and Flos Lonicerae in the antivirus effects. It will give the test proof that the cheaper Flos Lonicerae can take part place of Lonicera japonica japonicae in a certain area.

  Field Efficacy of Eugenol against Phytophthora Blight 2011, 27 (19):  283-286.  Abstract + ( 1415 )   PDF ( 569910KB )   ( 986 ) For screening botanical fungicides to control phytophthora blight, 3 g/kg eugenol and 25% metalaxyl-propamocarb hydrochloride were tested to control phytophthora blight by spray. Field efficacy trials showed that: 3 g/kg eugenol and 25% metalaxyl-propamocarb hydrochloride could control phytophthora blight successfully. Control efficacy was over 70% to control phytophthora blight after 3 g/kg eugenol was diluted 2000 times and 25% metalaxyl-propamocarb hydrochloride was diluted 1000 times. It was suggested that eugenol and metalaxyl-propamocarb hydrochloride were efficient to control phytophthora blight with highly control effect and safety to non-target organisms, and could extent in practice.

  Attractive Effects of Different Color Boards to Orchard Pests and Natural Enemies 2011, 27 (19):  287-290.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   PDF ( 506331KB )   ( 1213 ) To decline the use of pestcide and reduce the environmental pollution of pesticide residues, find harmless prevention and cure to orchard pests, 10 different color insect-attracting boards were used in mangos and carambola gardens. The results showed that yellow boards had more attractive effects to Ichneunmonidae, Empoasca flavescens and Trypetidae, and blue boards had more attractive effects to Thripidae; yellow boards had trapped more natural enemies than others, it was 7.2 averages on per board. Yellow boards and blue boards could be used in pests control of the orchard, because of stronger attractive effects to pests and less to natural enemies.

  Screening of Pesticides for Controlling Green Pharmaceutical Watermelon Aphids 2011, 27 (19):  291-295.  Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 616783KB )   ( 1012 ) The efficacy of three different types and six different kinds of insecticides were evaluated against aphids in watermelon field，and carried on the variance analysis by using new multiple range method, it screened the best insecticides against the aphids in watermelon field. The results showed that six kinds of tested insecticides including 1% matrine SL, 0.32% azadirachtin EC, 20% acetamiprid Hong Ding WP, 5% hypertonic imidacloprid EC, 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin AS and 48% chlorpyrifos EC could be used, 20% acetamiprid Hong Ding WP was optimal for comprehensive efficacy, 48% chlorpyrifos EC was worst for efficacy, the efficacy of different types of insecticides showed different features, we should choose flexibly suitable varieties of pesticides according to role of the characteristics of various pesticides and occurrence of aphis in production.

  Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Quality in Strawberry 2011, 27 (19):  296-300.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 627331KB )   ( 1071 ) In this study, the ‘Meiho’ was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different planting density on the yield and quality of strawberry. The results showed that the planting density was at 15 cm spacing in the rows, strawberry fruit weight reached 11.23 g, yield per plant to reach 223.18 g, yields up to 29459.74 kg/hm2, the fruit quality was significantly higher than 10 cm of conventional planting density, but there was no significant difference comparing to the planting density at 25 cm and 20 cm spacing in the rows. Therefore, it was suggest that the planting density of 15 cm spacing in the rows was suitable for strawberry cultivation and this method was worth promoting for field production.