Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.17 Published:15 June 2012

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  Research Status and Progress of Woody Fodder Plants 2012, 28 (17):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3906 Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 529108KB )   ( 871 ) This paper based on the summary of woody fodder plants concept and current state of China feed Resources and summarized the research dynamics of woody fodder plants in application, discussed the woody fodder plant' nutritional value, feeding effects, research progress in physiological and ecological characteristics of fodder plants in detail, and analyzed the necessity and advantages of the development of woody fodder in China, Accordingly all above, looking forward the broad prospects for development of woody fodder plants.

  Meta-Analysis of pH Value QTL in Swine 2012, 28 (17):  5-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0293 Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 1950719KB )   ( 974 ) In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted for the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) related to pH value to estimate the number and refine the positions of QTL. pH value QTL were collected and projected to the swine linkage map of USDA-MARC 2.0 to establish an integrated map. Meta-QTL (MQTL) were obtained by meta-analysis which reduced the confidence intervals. Positions of candidate genes and meta-QTL were compared to reckon the precision of meta-QTL. The results showed that 224 pH value QTL were collected from 27 published papers and an integrated map was established with the software BioMercator2.1. 37 meta-QTL were obtained, with which the confidence interval ranged from 1.35 cM to 25.32 cM, and the reduction rate changed from 29.20% to 92.36%. For instance, the confidence interval of MQTL35, MQTL16, MQTL10, MQTL4, MQTL17 was only 1.35 cM, 2.86 cM, 4.45 cM, 4.68 cM, 4.80 cM, respectively. The position of LYZ, RYR1, VTN, MYPN and PRKAG3 gene projected to the integrated map was in the confidence interval of MQTL13, MQTL18, MQTL29, MQTL32 and MQTL34. These results offered more precise QTL position estimates and a basis for molecular breeding in swine.

  Principal Component Analysis of Jin-Ding Duck’s Body Type Traits Zhang li 2012, 28 (17):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0659 Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 909687KB )   ( 775 ) Ten body type traits of Jin-Ding Duck were studied. The Mean and variability of indicators of these traits and the coefficients of correlation among them were computed, the indexes which provided the scientific basis for breeding and improved the native breeds. The result indicated that ten body type traits were divided into three components (85.441% cumulative for the male, and the representative traits were weight, Chest depth, pelvis width, Tibia Wai and Neck length. Eleven body type traits were divided into four components (85.244% cumulative) for the female, and the representative traits were weight, pelvis width, chest width, Chest depth, Sunenaga and Neck length.

  Comparatively Analysis the Production Performance of Different Dormant Alfalfa 2012, 28 (17):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3313 Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 713807KB )   ( 874 ) In order to obtain some dormancy alfalfa varieties that suited in Beijing Region, and used dormancy series of alfalfa to guide the domestic alfalfa planting regionalization. This article adopted a randomized block design, comparatively analysis the production performance of 7 different nondormant alfalfa in the Beijing Region. In 2010 August to 2011 October, the germination time of alfalfa, winter survival rate, growth rate, renewability, grass yield, ratio of dry and fresh weight, leaf stem ratio were determined. The results showed that different types of nondormant alfalfa had significant difference (P<0.05) on production performance, the grass yield of different varieties were significantly difference (P<0.05), the grass yield of semi-dormant alfalfa were significantly higher than that nondormant alfalfa. The grass yield of all varieties the first stubble>second stubble>third stubble. In the Beijing area, we basically should consider the cultivation and the introduction of dormancy and semi-dormant alfalfa of high-yield, the dormant and semi-dormant alfalfa could safely survived over the winter and the production performance were well that were suitable plant in Beijing area, if we cultivated nondormant alfalfa that had low survival rate, plant survival rate and productivity (7-9) in Beijing area we should adopted other agronomic measures to improve the survival rate.

  Studies of BMPR-IB , BMP15 and GDF9 as Candidate Genes for Fecundity in Daiyun Goat 2012, 28 (17):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3446 Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 1057332KB )   ( 762 ) To study the Molecular Mechanisms of fecundity trait in Daiyun Goat. BMPR-IB, BMP15 and GDF9 which control the fecundity of sheep were studied as candidate genes. PCR-RFLP was applied to analyze the relationship between the gene and genotype polymorphisms of BMPR-IB, BMP15 and GDF9 in Daiyun Goat and their prolific trait. The results showed that there was no same mutation in BMPR-IB gene of Daiyun Goat as that of Booroola Merino. The FecXI, FecXH , FecXB of BMP15 and FecGH of GDF9 were not found. Then it was ruled out the possibility that the fecundity of Daiyun Goat were affected by the mutations of BMPR-IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene. As we didn’t knew the whole gene sequence of the three genes in Daiyun Goat, it’s hard to determine whether these genes affected the fecundity of Daiyun Goat.

  TraTransgene Integration Site Analysis in Transgenic Bovine 2012, 28 (17):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0614 Abstract + ( 1528 )   PDF ( 992446KB )   ( 1414 ) It was important to detect transgene integration site after establishment of transgenic animal line, and it was necessary to determine transgene expression and function. The integration site was successfully amplified using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR). The results showed that the target sequence was integrated into chromosome 12 (NW_003104315.1). The homozygosis analysis of integration site showed the transgenic bovine was heterozygosity. The transplanted gene could be easily and quickly located in the genomic sequence and TAIL-PCR has advanced future application.

  Effects of Adding Fermented Green Juice and Sorbic Acid on the Fermentation Quality of Hunnigreen Forage Sorghum Silage 2012, 28 (17):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3840 Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 601474KB )   ( 1045 ) This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding fermented green juice and sorbic acid on the fermentation quality of Hunnigreen forage Sorghum silage. The treatments were as follows: control, PFJ addition, sorbic acid addition, PFJ+sorbic acid on the fresh weight basis of Hunnigreen forage Sorghum, respectively. The materials were ensiled at normal temperature and opened 60 days later. Then the fermentation quality and chemical composition of silages were analyzed. Based on results, adding PFJ, sorbic acid and PFJ+sorbic acid could significantly decrease pH, ammonia nitrogen content and the lost of gas and improved the lactic acid content, water soluble carbohydrate and dry matter recovery(P＜0.05). The results showed that adding PFJ, sorbic acid and PFJ+sorbic acid could significantly improved fermentation quality of Hunnigreen forage Sorghum silage.

  Correlation Analysis Between Polymorphism of GHR gene and its Hereditary Effects in Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken 2012, 28 (17):  37-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0473 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 974913KB )   ( 739 ) The objective of this study was to confirm the polymorphism of GHR gene in Zhuanghe Dagu Chicken, and its genetic markers affecting slaughter traits. PCR-RFLP technique was used to analysize the polymorphisms of GHR, while least square method was used to analysize the correlation between the slaughter traits of the 17 weeks old Zhuanghe Dagu chicken and specific genotypes of GHR. The results showed that GHR gene was medium polymorphisms and the polymorphism information content (PIC) in GHR gene was 0.285. GHR was consisted of three genotypes and frequencies of the three genotypes were 0.3575, 0.3825 and 0.26 irrespectively. Frequencies of M gene and N gene were 0.54875 and 0.45125 irrespectively. Live weight, carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, pectorales weight, average daily gain of chickens with MM genotype were significantly higher than those of MN and NN genotype (P<0.05). In conclusion, MM genotype could significantly improved slaughter traits of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens. In conclusion, MM genotype of GHR could significantly improved laying performance of Zhuanghe Dagu Chickens.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of MC1R Gene in Reddish-brown Wusuli Raccon Dog 2012, 28 (17):  41-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1043 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 1073950KB )   ( 823 ) To study the sequence length in MC1R gene of Reddish-brown Wusuli Raccon Dog, the polymorphism and homology of the other species. In the experiment for research object, that had 8 wild Wusuli raccoon dog, 7 reddish-brown Wusuli raccoon dog, 6 Jilin white raccoon dog and 6 silver-black fox from Qingdao Lacy breeding base. By the SNP testing, we can analysis the correlation of MC1R gene expression level in the Wusuli raccoon dog in different colors. As known as NCBI sequence (GenBank: HM852533.1), with the extraction of raccoon dog hair follicle DNA as a template, we designed primer, sing for getting MC1R gene which play an important role in mammals melanin cell synthesis melanin process. The results showed that we was successful to get the reddish-brown raccoon dog MC1R gene sequence for 1329 bp, and the known sequence homology 91.47%, 18 mutations; with the wild type Wusuli raccoon dog homology reached 99%, 8 mutations. Through the enzyme cut in MC1R genes, two genes were got enzyme type AB and BB type about 300 bp, reddish brown raccoon dog for AB, wild type raccoon dog for BB type. According to the result of the experiment MC1R genes that there were brown coat of related functions mutations, which can lead to coat mutations.

  Sequence Analysis in the Intron-I of A-FABP Gene in Geese 2012, 28 (17):  49-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0138 Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 1043232KB )   ( 791 ) To study the sequence length in Intron-I of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene, the polymorphism and homology of the other species. A pair of primers were designed to amplify the Intron-I of goose A-FABP gene, according to the sequences of A-FABP mRNA in goose (AF472610) and A-FABP gene in chicken (AY675941) and the genetic polymorphisms of Intron-I of goose A-FABP gene were investigated by PCR-SSCP and sequence alignment. The results showed that sequence size of Intron-I of goose A-FABP gene was 1473 bp, which showed the highest homology with duck (up to 94.42%) and the homology with chicken (up to 81.82%) when aligned with same gene sequence of 12 other species; Genetic polymorphism analysis by SNPs showed that the frequencies of two alleles A and B were 0.597 and 0.403 respectively, polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.365, genotype distribution of which was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=0.02, P>0.05); the frequencies of two alleles D and E were 0.483 and 0.517 respectively, PIC was 0.375, genotype distribution of which was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=6.782, 0.01

  Design and Application of Safe Quality Supervision System for Live-pig Slaughtering 2012, 28 (17):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0546 Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 1012119KB )   ( 1858 ) The government supervision was effective method to ensure quality safety of live-pig slaughtering. In this study, a safe quality supervision system was established to implement quality supervision for pork products. The structure of each system was expatiated, the routines for realization of primary functions were designed, and the key technologies were discussed. Based on the design thought of decentralized management, the system was implemented with the technologies of SOA, MQ, and analysis of supervision. Supervision system tests in enterprises in Shandong Province were promising and satisfying. The level of production management was improved and the sensitivity of consumers to meat safety was enhanced after adoption of the supervision system. An effective supervision and guarantee mechanism would be set up through an organic combination of government control, subscriber supervision and enterprise self-discipline. A mode for effective supervision management was provided in the paper. This study lays a basis for realization of the meat quality traceability of the whole process from farm production to consumer tables.

  The antibacterial action of radix glycyrrhiza, rhizomacoptidis etc five traditional Chinese herbs in vitro 2012, 28 (17):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3847 Abstract + ( 1683 )   PDF ( 622921KB )   ( 920 ) In order to validate the applicability of synergistic index (SI) decision criteria on mutual compatibility antibacterial activity of clearing heat and removing toxicity traditional Chinese medicine in vitro, antibacterial activity to streptococcus was detected by the microtube-flat method on water extract and ethanol extract from the Radix glycyrrhiza, Rhizoma coptidis, Flos lonicerae japonicae, Cortex phellodendri chinensis and Cortex fraxini. SI was detected by the board trace broth dilution. SI was calculated by the formula. And then two Chinese herbs were matched into compound. The compound was extracted by water and ethanol solution. The minimum antibacterial concentration (MIC) of the extraction to streptococcus was determined. The results showed that SI of Rhizoma coptidis and Cortex fraxini compatibility was 0.5, while SI of Radix glycyrrhiza and Cortex fraxini, Radix glycyrrhiza and Flos lonicerae japonicae was both 0.75. MIC of ethanol-extraction to streptococcus, suis Ⅱ was 7.81 mg/mL. MIC of Radix glycyrrhiza and Rhizoma coptidis, Radix glycyrrhiza and Cortex fraxini ethanol-extraction was both 1.95 mg/mL. MIC of Rhizoma coptidis and Cortex phellodendri chinensis water-extract was 0.98 mg/mL. MIC of Coptis chinensis franch and Cortex fraxini water was 1.95 mg/mL. This showed that the compatibility on Rhizoma coptidis ethanol-extraction content and Cortex fraxini water extraction was present synergy obviously in vitro, the antibacterial activity of water-extraction on Rhizoma coptidis and Cortex phellodendri chinensis to streptococcus suis Ⅱ was the strongest.

  Determination of Serum Biochemical Parameters During Reproductive Cycle in Shitou Goose 2012, 28 (17):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0588 Abstract + ( 1274 )   PDF ( 626053KB )   ( 730 ) To perfect the breed characteristics data and investigate the changes of serum biochemical parameters in Shitou goose with strong broodiness during reproductive cycle, eleven serum biochemical parameters were measured on 45 adult female Shitou geese at different stages. The results were as follows: (1) The concentrations of serum calcium and phosphorus ions were highest during laying period, and the difference was significantly. (2) The level of ALP in laying was increased by 39.49% (P<0.05) and 12.70% respectively than that in incubation and laying cessation. (3) The levels of TP, CERA, UA and CHO were not significantly at different stages, but the level of BUN was lowest during incubation, and it was decreased by 24.49% (P<0.05) and 34.69% (P<0.05) respectively than that in laying and laying cessation. The results provided evidence to establish serum biochemical parameters of Shitou geese during reproductive cycle, which might provided a reference in feeding management, breed protection and selection, prevention and treatment of disease and so on.

  The Influence of Excited or Inhibited PKC in GTH Cells on the Secretion of FSH 2012, 28 (17):  72-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3225 Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 609581KB )   ( 811 ) In order to analyze the post-receptor signal transduction mechanism of the secretion of FSH in rats. The GTH cells was stimulated by GnRH after the activity of PKC in them was treated by PMA or H7. FSH was detected by ELISA, which was compared with the control group. The results showed that PMA could significantly improved the activity of PKC in GTH cells, which H7 could significantly reduced. Neither PMA nor H7 could not influenced the content of cAMP significantly in GTH cells. The activity of PKC in GTH cells influenced the secretion of FSH significantly, that was to say, the level of FSH rose with the rise of PMA and fallen with the falling of H7. The conclusion was drawn that PKC-Ca2+ was the post-receptor signal transduction pathway that the cells stimulated by GnRH impulse secreted FSH.

  Optimization of Preparation Technology of Medicated Serum of Yinqiaotiangan in Mice by Response Surface Methodology 2012, 28 (17):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2935 Abstract + ( 1286 )   PDF ( 1237126KB )   ( 1136 ) In order to optimize preparation technology on medicated serum of Yinqiaotiangan in mice, on the base of single factor investigation, taking-blood time, administration times, administration concentration were selected for the independent variable and comprehensive score on the concentration of chlorogenic acid and forsythia in the mice serum was as response value. Effects of every independent variable as well as their interactions on response value were studied by response surface analysis. The predictive model of two polynomial regression equations was analyzed by Design-expert software. The results showed that preparation technology was concluded as take blood time 30 min, administration times 4 times and administration concentration 0.02 g/mL. In theoretical calculation, comprehensive score was 95.62%. In this condition, the concentration of chlorogenic acid was 33.65 μg/mL and concentration of forsythia was 193.86 μg/mL in mice serum. This study provided the foundation for preparation technology on medicated serum of Yinqiaotiangan.

  Molecular Cloning and Expression of E2 Gene of the Classical Swine Fever Virus 2012, 28 (17):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3240 Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 737478KB )   ( 816 ) In order to study the relationship between E2 and MHC at different time point, the E2 gene of Chinese classical swine fever virus (CSFV) Shimen strain was cloned, then inserted into the expression vector pcDNA 3.0, eukaryotic recombinant expression plasmid P-E2 was generated. The P-E2 was identified that the position of E2 gene of CSFV insert, the size and the reading frame were all right by restriction digestion and the sequence analysis. The P-E2 was used to transfect PK-15 cells in vitro by liposome infection protocol. The results of Western blot showed that the recombinant E2 protein was CSFV-specific. The fluorescence microscope detection indicated expressed E2 protein mainly located in plasma of PK-15 cells, which was the same as the results when PK-15 cells were infected by CSFV. These results above would provided basis for the pathogenesis of Classical swine fever virus.

  The Content Determination of Berberine Hydrochloride in Modified Pulsatilla Granule by RP-HPLC 2012, 28 (17):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3756 Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 832584KB )   ( 746 ) To establish a simple RP-HPLC method for determination the content of terberine hydrochloride in Modified Pulsatilla granule. HPLC method was used. The HPLC system consisted of Ture Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) and acetonitrile-0.03 mol/L phosphoric acid (30:70, v:v) mixture as the mobile phase,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 265 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 30℃. The excipients and solvents in the granule could be well separated from the drug under such a designated chromatogram condition and did not interfere with the assay. A good linear relationship was found between peak area and the concentration of berberine hydrochloride in the range of 93.00-186.00 μg/mL (r=0.9997, n=6). The average recovery was 99.49%, and RSD was 0.76% (n=6). The established approach was specific, accurate, reliable, prompt, sensitive and applicable. It can be used to control the quality of Modified Pulsatilla granule.

  Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against HN Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus and Establishment Antigen Capture ELISA 2012, 28 (17):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3654 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 934047KB )   ( 770 ) To produce a rapid Newcastle disease virus (NDV) pathogen detection method. BALB/c mice were immunized with HN recombination protein and the mouse splenic cells were fused with SP2/0 cells, hybridoma cell stably secreting anti-HA McAb was screened by ELISA designated 4F8, the immunoglobulin type of McAb identification shown was IgG2a type with κ chain. An antigen capture ELISA (AC-ELISA) was developed for detection of NDV using polyclonal antibody as capture antibody and specific monoclonal antibody 4F8 as detecting antibody. The AC-ELISA showed no cross-reaction with other four avian viruses (EDSV, ITLV, IBV, IBDV), The sensitivity four times higher than HA test, Comparing with RT-PCR, the concordance, sensitivity, specificity was 95.6%, 93.3%, 96.1%, respectively. The NDV AC-ELISA had good specificity, sensitivity and repeatability, could be used for diagnosing NDV infections.

  Production of Antibody to Open Reading Frame 3 of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 by DNA Vaccination 2012, 28 (17):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3667 Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 932255KB )   ( 789 ) The aim of this study was to produce the antibody against the protein of open reading frame 3 (ORF3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and lay foundation for research on ORF3 function. The ORF3 gene of PCV2 was amplified by PCR method, and the PCR product was digested by restriction enzyme EcoR I and Xho I. Meanwhile, the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1 (+) was digested by EcoR I and Xho I too. Then, the two expected products digested were ligated, and the transformation in the competent cells of E.coli DH5? was conducted. The results of colony PCR and sequence analysis showed that the recombinant expression vector pCDNA3.1-PCV2 ORF3 was constructed successfully. Thereafter, several BALB/c mice were inoculated with the recombinant plasmid constructed, and the specificity and titer of the antibody to PCV2 ORF3 were detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The IFA results demonstrated that the sera collected from the mice inoculated with the recombinant plasmid PCV2 ORF3 were the antibodies specific to PCV2 ORF3. Also, the IFA results showed that the antibody titer of PCV2 ORF3 in the sera of mice were all more than 1:25 after 4 times inoculation, which indicated that the antibodies against PCV2 ORF3 with relatively high titer was successfully produced. The research results revealed that the antibody to PCV2 ORF3 could be produced quickly and simply by vaccination of plasmid DNA, and this provided a new effective way to the production of the antibodies to PCV2 ORF3.

  Expression and Bioactive of TAT-NPY Fusion Protein 2012, 28 (17):  101-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3555 Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 1257586KB )   ( 720 ) In order to obtain the recombinant protein NPY containning TAT protein transduction domain and study the bioactive of the recombinant protein. NPY gene was cloned from the Calf Hypothalamus tissue by the molecular biology techniques. Coincidence rate was 100% by genetic test. TAT-protein gene was inserted into bovine NPY gene sequences and expression vector pGEX-3X-NPY-TAT was constructed, then the recombinant plasmids of pGEX-3X-NPY-PTD was induced in E. coli DE3 by addition of IPTG. The expressed fusion protein was identified, It was optimized and the bioactive test was carried out by CAM. The results showed that the bovine NPY gene of TAT protein transduction domain was expressed, and the expressed fusion protein had biological activity. Conclusion the study provided important base for the animal experiment.

  Development of PCR Methods for Detection of Three Main Pathogens Isolated from Bovine Mastitis 2012, 28 (17):  105-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1421 Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 999630KB )   ( 807 ) Bovine mastitis was an important bacterial disease that influences the development of milk industry. To improve rapid and accurate diagnosis of mastitis in diary, establishment of a sensitive and special method was necessary. The primers were designed according to the special sequence of the 16S to 23S rRNA spacer regions, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus dysgalactiae which were three major bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. Then, the pathogenic bacteria strain was isolated from the 31 milk samples and detected by PCR. The results indicated that PCR assay could detected three main pathogenic bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis and confirm the pathogen. The sensitivity of the method for detecting the Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus dysgalactiae was 1×106 cfu/mL, 1×105 cfu/mL and 1×103 cfu/mL, respectively, These data suggested the method could be used as an alternative in routine diagnosis.

  Research Progress of Biological Characteristics and Artificial Breedingof Ridgetail White Prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda 2012, 28 (17):  109-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3631 Abstract + ( 1675 )   PDF ( 1230894KB )   ( 940 ) In order to improve the artificial breeding technical of E. carinicauda successfully and provide references to its integrated aquaculture, the advancement of the biological characters and some experiments about artificial propagation of Exopalaemon carinicauda were summarized in this paper, some worthy details of notice in the process of artificial breeding were also preliminarily discussed, and the analysis of the current situation of large-scale artificial breeding techniques was made.

  Bibliometrics-based Analysis of Papers and Core Authors of Fishery Biotechnology Sciences in China 2012, 28 (17):  117-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3686 Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 1002801KB )   ( 929 ) The present study aims to understand the current situation of research activities in biotechnology field in China, and thus provide reference for the researchers, research management department and journal editors. Using Bibliometric analysis method, we analyzed the distribution of domestic and abroad biotechnological papers published from 2005 to 2009 by the authors from Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, in the aspects of paper content, author and organization. The results showed that the overall amount of the articles published by the authors from Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences experienced great growth. The authors involved in genetic breeding published the most articles. The most key words were micro-satellite, gene clone, gene expression and sequence analysis which present the current research focuses. Trait-related gene, pedigree identification, karyotype, genome and gynogenesis were the emerging key words which indicated new research field. Core authors were selected out and co-citation between authors were analyzed using the method of social network analysis. From the above, it could be concluded that in recent years, the number of biotechnology articles published by the authors from Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences increased steadily, and domestic paper number was much higher than international ones. Biotechniques such as micro-satellite were widely used and promoted great improvement of genetic diversity and genetic breeding. Close relationship between researchers had not came into being yet and the research production and research influence did not distributed equilibriumly in every institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences.

  Application of Gray Metabolic GM (1,1) in Prediction of Annual Total Yields of Chinese Aquatic Products 2012, 28 (17):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3625 Abstract + ( 1704 )   PDF ( 1381338KB )   ( 854 ) In order to predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products five years ahead (2011—2015), an ordinary GM (1,1) model and three metabolism GM (1,1) models, which were based on the gray system theory, were first established to predict annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products from 2006 to 2009. Meanwhile, comparison analysis in prediction accuracies between the ordinary GM (1,1) model and metabolism GM (1,1) models was performed. The results of comparison analysis showed that the gray metabolism GM (1,1) model had higher value of prediction accuracy and was more suitable for predicting annual total yields of aquatic products, comparing to the ordinary GM (1,1) model. Therefore, the gray metabolism GM (1,1) model was then chose to predict the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products five years ahead (2011—2015). Predicting results showed that the annual total yields of Chinese aquatic products from 2011 to 2015 would respectively reached 55.32333, 57.46315, 59.72634, 62.02738, 64.43838 million tons. At the same time, the annual growth rate in aquatic products yield could be 3.7%, which was much higher than the objective annual growth rate (2.2%) of China’s 12th Five-Year Plan. Results above indicated that: (1) the gray metabolism GM (1,1) model was very suitable for predicting yields of aquatic products; (2) the total yield of Chinese aquatic products five years ahead could completely reached the target of China’s 12th Five-Year Plan.

  Study on the developmental and morphological characters in Missgurnus arguillicaudatus larvae 2012, 28 (17):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3045 Abstract + ( 1644 )   PDF ( 4125562KB )   ( 891 ) In order to understand the growth and development of the juvenile of the mud loach and provide basic data for large-scale larval rearing, The morphological development of larval and juvenile mud loach, Missgurnus Arguillicaudatus was examined in a hatchery-reared series. The results showed that when the water temperature ranged between 19.5-22.0℃, the embryonic development took 24-28 hours. The average standard body length of newly hatched larva was 3.04 mm, the body is transparent without any pigments. The mouth and gut haven't formed in the newly hatched larvae. The mouth opened 4 days after hatching and entered a mixed feeding stage. It took 6 days for larva to develop into preflexion larva stage, the yolk is absorbed completely and exdoerophic stage begins. Notochord flexion started on the 10th day. On the 15th day, the hypurals were completed and entered the postflexion larva stage. Transformation from the larval to the juvenile stage occurred on 23th day, the round scales had been formed and the juvenile fish had basic external shape and habits of adult fish. This study is significantly important in conservation and seed breeding of Missgurnus Arguillicaudatus.

  Dalian Seaside Common Invertebrate Species Diversity and its Protective Study 2012, 28 (17):  139-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0212 Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 740543KB )   ( 1005 ) In order to know the species diversity and distribution of seashore invertebrate in Dalian. We investigated in the Xiajiahezi, Heishijiao, Lvshunkou Coast and Shuangtaigou Area. The results showed that there were totally 136 species of seashore invertebrate belonging to 18 classes, 10 phyla in the four regions and most of them were mollusk and arthropod. Comparison with other areas, species diversity level and population number of invertebrates were 113 species and highest in Lvshunkou Coast. The species number of Xiajiahezi and Shuangtaigou were smaller but higher similarity, and Heishijiao was lower similarity with the others. Different habitats selection, tourism developing, breeding of seafood and over catching would affected the number and distribution of vertebrate species. It has been suggested that the seashore invertebrate resources should be utilized reasonable and protection of the ecological environment should be strengthened.

  Effects of Hg2+on Limnodilus claparedianu Acute Toxicity and Superoxide Dismutase Activity 2012, 28 (17):  143-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3618 Abstract + ( 1477 )   PDF ( 632618KB )   ( 807 ) In order to clarify the aquatic environment to the bearing limit Hg2+. The author of this article adopted an acute toxicity method to measure the semi-lethal concentration (LC50) of Limnodilus claparedianus that were disposed in Hg2+ with different concentrations. The variation of L. claparedianus SOD activity toxic was tested by means of enzyme activity in this paper. The results showed that the semi-lethal concentration (LC50) of 48 hours was 9.659 μL/L. Hg2+had a significant effect on L. hoffmeisteri SOD activity (P＜0.05). The SOD activity in the animal specimen increased when they were disposed in low concentration Hg2+ (8.000~9.241 μL/L). But SOD activity in the animal specimen decreased at different levels when concentrations of Hg2+ increased to 10.674 μL/L, a conclusion was achieved that Hg2+ could cause coercion to L. claparedianus and even cause death of animal individuals, and they could also lead to direct and indirect influence on aquatic ecosystems and the subspecies which were fed by L. claparedianus.

  Microsatellite Marker Analysis of Genetic Variation in Hybrid Progenies and Backcross Progenies from Oxyeleotris lineolatus(♀) and Oxyeleotris marmoratus(♂) 2012, 28 (17):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1083 Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 805475KB )   ( 913 ) For the breeding of Oxyeleotris new varieties with fast growth, appearance beautiful, crude feed tolerance and easy to catch up, 20 pairs of microsatellite primers were used to study genetic variation of Oxyeleotris lineolatus (♀), Oxyeleotris marmoratus (♂), their hybrid progenies and backcross progenies. The results indicated as follows: Ninety-five alleles in total were detected from four stocks, the lowest average numbers of alleles was in O. lineolatus stock (1.6087), and the highest was in hybrid progeniey stock (2.9130). The average effective number of alleles was O. marmoratus (2.2570)>hybrid progeniey F1 (2.1516)>backcross progeniey F2 (2.1061)>O. lineolatus (1.5164). The mean levels of observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC) and Shannon (I*) in four stocks were 0.4891-0.7767, 0.2714-0.5193, 0.3473-0.4458 and 0.3662-0.7993, respectively. Among all parameters, the O. lineolatus stock was always the lowest, the highest average observed heterozygosity and Shannon appeared in the hybrid progeniey F1 stock, the highest levels of average expected heterozygosity and average polymorphism information content were in backcross progeniey F2 stocks and O.marmoratus stocks, in addition, all stocks’ average observed heterozygosities were higher than their average expected heterozygosities. Chi-square tests showed that most loci were deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). An UPGMA tree which on a basis of Nei's genetic distance demonstrated that the hybrid progeniey F1 and backcross progeniey F2 grouped together, and then grouped together with O. lineolatus, O. marmoratus comprised the other clade. Not only hybrid progenieies but also backcross progenies all showed definite maternal effect.

  Study on the Technology of Off-season Healthy Aquaculture in Higher-altitude 2012, 28 (17):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3318 Abstract + ( 1316 )   PDF ( 877981KB )   ( 866 ) The technology of Litopenaeus vannamei in higher-altitude culture ponds by off-season healthy aquaculture was studied. In this experiment, the health quality shrimp larvae, microecology preparation and microtubule oxygenation were utilized by the scientific plan and execution of programs which the pathogens and the environment-related factors were monitored by real-time. The results showed that the water temperature, transparency, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen were kept in 19.5-26.7℃(mean 22.94±0.63℃), 23.2-59.1 cm(mean 37.8±12.0cm), 7.7-8.5(mean 8.1±0.0.2), (30.0-33.5)‰(mean 31.72‰±0.84‰), 4.0-6.0 mg/L(mean 5.13±0.38) mg/L, respectively. The ammoniacal nitrogen, the total number of bacteria and vibrio were controlled within the range of 0.05 to 30 mg/L(mean 0.59±0.09)mg/L, (5.05×104 to 19.23×104) cfu/mL, (mean 10.92±3.45×104) cfu/mL, (0.45×104 to 3.71×104) cfu/mL, (mean 1.14±0.73×104) cfu/mL. The regress equations of the body length and culture days was 0.087d+0.1968(r=0.9843), and the regress equations of the body weight and culture days was W=0.0001d2.3847(r=0.9948). There were only 17.86% of culture ponds (5:28) whose average yield were less than 500 kg/666.67m2.There were 39.29%, 28.75%, 10.71% and 3.57% of the culture ponds whose average yield were in the range of 500-1000 kg/666.67 m2，500 -1000 kg/666.67 m2,1000-1250 kg/666.67 m2, 1250-150kg/666.67 m2 and more than 1500 kg/666.67 m2, respectively. The mean yield, survival rate and feed conversion ratio of the 28 ponds were (769.08±440.22) kg/666.67 m2, (67.84±15.23)% and (1.27±0.83) respectively.

  Isolation and Screening of Microsatellite Markers from the Clam Paphia Undulate by Using FIASCO 2012, 28 (17):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2981 Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 786982KB )   ( 935 ) In order to revealed the genetic resources and Germplasm repository of the clam Paphia undulate. The present studies reported that isolation and screening of microsatellite markers from the clam Paphia undulate were performed using the method of Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats (FIASCO). After restriction digests of genomic DNA with Mse I, the digested fragments were ligated with adaptors and then hybridized with 5’-biotinylated (CA)15 probe or 5’-biotinylated (AAG)7 probe. The tentative microsatellite DNA was isolated by streptavidin-coated magnetic beads from the hybridized mixture. After purification, the isolated microsatellite DNA was amplified using degenerated primer Mse P and then cloned into T-vector. After transforming, the microsatellite- enriched library was constructed. The second PCR screening was performed using the primer of (CA)15 probe or (AAG)7 probe) and T vector’s primers. The SSR developed were used for analyzing genetic diversity of Zhanjiang wild population of the species. A total of 108 alleles were detected by the 8 SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 5 to 19 in a sample of 39 individuals captured in inshore water of Zhanjiang. Observed and expected heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.400 to 0.882 and from 0.666 to 0.926, respectively. Four loci (Pun4, Pun5, Pun6，Pun7) showed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni correction (P<0.00625). All loci were high polymorphic loci. This study demonstrated that FIASCO is a useful technique of microsatellite isolation for the species. 8 microsatellite markers should provide a tool for assessing genetic diversity and population structure of wild or breeding stocks.

  Structural Analysis on Income Gap between Urban and Rural Population in Beijing 2012, 28 (17):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3705 Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 602320KB )   ( 831 ) To study on income gap between urban and rural population in Beijing was important for China to balancing urban and rural development. The paper analyzed evolution of income gap between urban and rural population in Beijing during the 1990—2009 period, and studied on structural differences in between. The results showed that the income gap between urban and rural population in Beijing was widened gradually. Income gap in rural population themselves was signal. The wage income and transfer income greatly influence on income gap between urban and rural population in Beijing.

  Empirical Study on Agricultural Science and Technology Enterprises Introducing Risk Investment and Risk Factors——A Case Study from Fujian Province 2012, 28 (17):  176-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0397 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 582174KB )   ( 752 ) Taking chinese agricultural science and technology innovation competition as a Good Chance， based on the first hand data from agricultural science and technology enterprises of Fujian province，this paper analyzes present situation of agricultural science and technology enterprises introducing risk investment and the reasons of effecting agricultural science and technology enterprises introducing risk investment. And then this paper draws the following conclusions: the risk investment should bring money and the efficient management and excellent business model to agricultural science and technology enterprise; agricultural science and technology enterprises should strengthen communication with venture capital company, renew ideas, deeply understand capital operating effect to enterprise; if the agricultural science and technology enterprise wants to be bigger and stronger, it must strengthen the grasp of market demand.

  Thought on Establishment of the Base of Agricultural Headquarters Rely on the Brand-agriculture Exhibition——Case Study on Seeds Industry Headquarter Bases in Fengtai District 2012, 28 (17):  181-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1079 Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 553860KB )   ( 879 ) Abstract: In order to use the superior resources of urban and rural areas to develop modern agriculture ,especially the modern seeds industry，we should use the idea of headquarters economy and the influence of Beijing seeds congress brand effect，establish seeds industry headquarter bases in Fengtai District，formed the model of seeds industry headquarter bases，so that we can accelerate the construction of the capital of seeds industry in Beijing. The results show that compared with the disadvantages the advantages of rely on the brand effect of Beijing seeds congress to establish seeds industry headquarter bases in Fengtai district are more, and many disadvantages could turn into advantages by efforts, such as small scale of seeds enterprise, high cost of entering, strong regional of seeds production and sales, etc. These Problems could be solved by enterprise annexing, improving management and enlarging the influence of exhibition. In order to accelerate seeds industry headquarter bases in Fengtai District, we should pay attention to definite the regional range and function orientation of seeds industry headquarter bases in Fengtai District, develop leading enterprise, introduced the seeds enterprises headquarter, strengthen the power of policy support.

  A Research of construction and evaluation of a Efficiency Index system to Prevent and control the Rocky desertification Area --With a special reference to Guanling-Zhenfeng huajiang demonstration area 2012, 28 (17):  187-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0018 Abstract + ( 1218 )   PDF ( 1745921KB )   ( 726 ) Taking the Guanling – Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area as an example, based on the principal component analysis model, from ecology efficiency, economy level of development and the level of development of society, the appraisal target is screened and the index weight is determinated.Finally, 4 major appraisal targets of affecting the ecology efficiency and the economy level of development, and 3 main appraisal targets ofaffecting the level of society development are determined and construct the comprehensive management efficiency index system.The selected appraisal targets are used to estimate the comprehensive management efficiency of Huajiang model district, using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation approach,and the result is divided into 5 ranks---worse, bad, good, better and best. The research indicates that the rank of the model district has changed from “bad” to “good”, which shows that the measures has a good trend of development in the short-term ecology efficiency and the level of economy development. Overall, the measures are well integrated.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Florescence in Paeonia suffruticosa Nearly 21 Years in China 2012, 28 (17):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0256 Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 608013KB )   ( 809 ) For the purpose of revealing the characteristics and issues of researches on florescence regulation techniques of Paeonia suffruticosa and based on China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), this paper had retrieved 195 articles on florescence regulation of Paeonia suffruticosa from 1991 to 2011 and statistical analysis was done respectively according to time, subject, author, journal, downloading frequency and so on. The results showed as follows: firstly, the quantity of papers in this field was on the rise according to the years; secondly, some subjects these papers had explored still need to be studied in depth and many technical details were in the blank; thirdly, 24 authors were ranked as the core authors in this field according to Price Law; fourthly, the paper cooperation rate in this field was 69.23%; fifthly, Beijing Forestry University, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University and Shandong Agricultural University were the institutions which published the most papers, Beijing, Henan and Shandong were the main areas where the papers in this field were published, and colleges, universities and research institutes were the major supporter in this field; sixthly, 3 journals which printed the most papers in this field are non-core journals; seventh, the citation index of papers in this field was 53.85% and the downloading rate was 99.49%, and the papers which were funded by national, provincial and municipal natural science foundation account for 3.59% of total papers.

  Based on .NET Analysis and Build Farmer training Information platform 2012, 28 (17):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0277 Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 1728240KB )   ( 740 ) It is important means building farmer training information platform important means,This article conducts the research which theory and technological under the distributional database and .net environment building Information platform based on XML Web Services,The functions and technology bave been proposed the development of management information system.With building Farmer training Information platform research about xml web services and applications under .net framework, the environment of distributional database and data integration, query, design Commonly string and safety technologies, building information platform of farmer training .

  Cultivated land deficit 60 million hm2——China’s food crisis and Counter-measures 2012, 28 (17):  206-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3827 Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 613711KB )   ( 849 ) No one thinks that there are any trouble on food security in China so far. Some relevant officials departments and agricultural specialists have been repeatedly declaring that China has been keeping sufficient in food and keeping the redline of ‘self-supply rate no less than 95%’. But our research indicates that the redline of food security has fallen long ago. The food self-supply rate in 2010 was even less than 65% and all the imported food needs 59.48 million hm2 (0.9 billion Mu) cultivated land to produce. Therefore, cultivated land deficit has been up to 0.9 billion Mu, exceeding all the cultivated land in 13 provinces of ‘Three-North’ area. It gives us a start! It is time to reconsider the thesis of the book 《Who will feed China》

  Problems and risk preventing of agriculture construction auditing 2012, 28 (17):  211-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0617 Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 550266KB )   ( 913 )

  The Analysis on Supply and Demand of Potatoes Based on Cobweb Model in Gansu Province 2012, 28 (17):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3509 Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 686630KB )   ( 838 ) Based on market price, cultivated area and harvest statistical data of potato in Gansu Province from 1999 to 2008, models among market price, cultivated area and harvest were established with the cobweb model and the change characteristic and reasons for cobweb model of potato market in Gansu Province were analyzed. At last, some effective countermeasures were put forward from different quarters including price expectation of potatoes; Price subsidy for means of production; Dissemination of advanced techniques; the prevention and control of natural calamities of potato etc.

  The Model of Rural Public Service Communization: Experience and Enlightenment ---Investigation and Analysis Based on TX Community 2012, 28 (17):  226-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0091 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 557895KB )   ( 721 ) The survey in TX community recommended by the Ministry of Civil Affairs strongly shows that we must play the role of community as platform，build the model of rural public service communization in order to increase the number of rural public service, improve the structure of the public service supply, establish lasting effect mechanism, make up the defects of government and market. The paper introduces public service Communization experience of TX community and gets the enlightenment. That is to take the "endogenous" path of development, build effective operation mechanism for the public service communization, make full use of social capital, define the right and responsibility boundary between governmental and community reasonably.

  Conflicts and Crack Contain in Cooperatives System from Moderation Ideology 2012, 28 (17):  231-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3891 Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 624090KB )   ( 650 ) The Western Moderation theory and the traditional Chinese "golden mean" laid the theory in moral and ethical foundation for economic cooperation.This paper discusses Aristotle, as a representative of the western moderation theory and the traditional Chinese "golden mean" ;found the establishment of a cooperative way, the property rights system, management structure, distribution methods involve mean thinking.The mean thinking laid the theory in moral and ethical foundation for economic cooperation, at the same time, also make the cooperatives system exist contradictions,such as "open-door" conflicting,Property rights system of conflict,governance structure of conflict，the contradiction of distribution system,ect.To solve these problems，the paper puts forward a innovation system in the club threshold, property rights system, governance structure, distribution system, etc.

  Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmers’ Income in Beijing 2012, 28 (17):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0822 Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 586885KB )   ( 932 ) The question of farmers’ income is the core of the construction of new countryside in China. With the great development of Beijing urban agriculture, planting industry has played an essential role in increasing farmers’ income. By using SPSS factor analysis, the author chose 10 relating indexes from the Beijing Statistical Yearbook from 1978 to 2009, set up a linear regression equation involving the three principal factors of basic input in agricultural production, additional input in agricultural production, and soil and water conservation and got the direct relation between farmers’ income and various factors influencing agriculture. From the linear regression equation, it can be seen that he factor of additional input in agricultural production has the most important influence, and a big scale management is also beneficial to increasing farmers’ income. Furthermore, the increase of basic input, as well as soil and water conservation, plays a crucial role in increasing farmers’ income.

  Rural tourism occupation education development predicament and route of development 2012, 28 (17):  242-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0298 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 513741KB )   ( 669 )

  Research on Evaluation of Soil Fertilities of Farmland at County Level in Henan Based on GIS 2012, 28 (17):  252-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0151 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 743656KB )   ( 674 ) On the geographic information system (GIS) and the second general survey soil, overlaying the current land use map with the basic farmland protection map and the soil map, forming 7609 patches, which are used as the basic management and evaluation cells. This research selected seven influencing factors from three aspects such as soil nutrient content, profile situation and land management, and the evaluation system and model of farmland fertility was built up. The grade of arable land productivity was formed according to the theory of Fuzzy Mathematics, Telphi Principle and Analytic Hierarchy Program, and the farmland fertility of the county and analysis of its spatial distribution were evaluated. The results suggested that, 90319.89 hm2 farmlands could be divided into five grades, the grade one was 3612.68 hm2, the grade two was 15856.61 hm2, the grade three was 31795.51 hm2, the grade four was 29261.32 hm2 and the grade five was 9793.77 hm2, the fertility of grade one to five account for 4%, 17.56%, 35.2%, 32.4%, 10.84%, respectively.

  Simulation on Soil Erosion and Streamflow in Maotiaohe Watershed of Guizhou Province Based on SWAT Model Wang Zhenhong 2012, 28 (17):  256-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3982 Abstract + ( 1343 )   PDF ( 1195922KB )   ( 742 ) In order to know the condition of hydrology and water resources, forecast the physical hydrology process, use water resources reasonably and take effective measures on the soil erosion in the Maotiaohe watershed. Based on GIS, the author installed spatial database, climate database, land utilization database, and soil attribute database of the Maotiaohe watershed for the establishment of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to simulate the hydrological and sediment process in the watershed. Taking the particular hydrological characteristic of southwest karst region into consideration, the author successfully established the SWAT model of the Maotiaohe watershed on GIS platform by using the parameters selected from abovementioned databases. The runoff generation and sediment in the watershed each month of 2006 and 2007 were also simulated to indicate the dynamic of watershed runoff and soil erosion using the SWAT model. Furthermore, the adaptability of the SWAT used to simulate the karst watershed was assessed by comparing field observation data with simulation data of the watershed runoff and sediment. The results showed that the SWAT model could present a good simulation on the hydrological process and sediment of the Maotiaohe watershed, and generalized the parameters of the watershed, causing change of the simulation result. Finally, the soil erosion modulus was calculated in the 27 sub-basins delineated by the SWAT. The result also showed that serious soil erosion occurred mainly in the lower of Maotiaohe watershed, where more attention should be paid to and some practical measures should be taken to reduce soil loss.

  Meteorological Model Study of Soil Relative Humidity in Shuangyashan Region of Heilongjiang Province 2012, 28 (17):  262-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3955 Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 730671KB )   ( 725 ) In order to qualitatively describe the soil relative humidity to be influenced by the cooperation with meteorological factors, and the agricultural drought and waterlog could be qualitatively evaluated, with 10 days average temperature, precipitation, evaporation and soil relative humidity (10-30 cm) data from 1994 to 2007 in Shuangyashan Region of Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province, based on grey correlation analysis, test and mathematical statistics method (CAR), the meteorological factors models of soil relative humidity were built. The results were shown: (1) the better correlativity was present between soil relative humidity and meteorological factors, the correlative prominent factors order was 10 days precipitation, ten days sun-shine, 10 days evaporation and ten days average air temperature, the important leading roles were precipitation and evaporation for soil relative humidity change, average air temperature and sun-shine impact on soil relative humidity by evaporation. (2) The model simulated effects were better, the physical significance of the model parameters was explicit, the impact were explained reasonably for soil relative humidity to be influenced by meteorological factor, at the same time, the impact degree under the cooperation with meteorological factors were described comprehensively and quantitatively for soil relative humidity. The simulated average error of soil relative humidity was 7.2% for 10-30 cm multilayer soil, the simulated effects were superior to 10 cm soil layer for 20 cm, 30 cm, and 10-30 cm average soil layer. The simulated effects of summer and autumn were superior to spring, but the one was good in May for crop sowing phase, the simulated error was 4.4%. The model could provide the reference for soil evaluation of drought and waterlog, agricultural disaster prevention and reduction in Heilongjiang Province.

  Studies on the Soil and Water Loss in Different Planting Manners LUO Xing-LU 2012, 28 (17):  267-270.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3720 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 1118587KB )   ( 733 ) In order to explore the relationship between the soil and water erosion and the farming ways in the dry slope field in Guangxi and provide a theoretical and technical basis for comprehensive control of soil and water erosion. The effects of different farming ways on the soil and water loss were studied in this experiment. The results showed that: compared with non-contour farming system, contour farming reduced water and soil losses and soil nutrient losses significantly. The water reduce by 10.51%, soil by 67.09%, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil reduce by 67.34%, 66.46%, 66.73%, respectively, organic matter in soil reduced by 68.13%. It was an effective way to farm according contour lines for preventing soil and water erosion.

  The Evaluation on the Land Reclamation Potential of Wangmo County after the ‘6?06’ Serious Flood and Mudslide Disaster Based on 3S Technology 2012, 28 (17):  271-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3910 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 1507291KB )   ( 670 ) The ‘6?06’ serious flood and mudslide disaster in Wangmo County caused a serious damage the county. In order to make the damaged land be reclaimed and utilized scientifically and reasonably, field investigations were carried out, GPS was used to collect the information of typical damaged points, some maps including the second national land survey sub-compartments, the topographic maps (1:10000), regionalism map (1:50000), hydro-geological map, Spot 5 satellite images were used, and software including Arc View, Arc GIS and Erdas were used to analyze and evaluate the land reclamation potential and define the key reclamation areas. It was found that the cultivated land, especially those on both sides of the rivers were seriously damaged, among which the seriously damaged land washed out occupies the most proportion, then the moderate damaged land covered and the slightly damaged land flooded was the third; there were large areas being damaged, but a small amount could be reclaimed; the land with the highest potential for reclaiming was located on both sides of the river mainly in slightly damaged land flooded; the reclamation potential were divided into three grades, of which the key areas are Lewang Town and Fuxing Tow; it was suggested relevant departments promote the reclamation immediately to ensure the food production and supply.

  Research in Removing Pollutants from Ground Irrigation Water of Vegetable Garden 2012, 28 (17):  277-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0016 Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 1506239KB )   ( 873 ) The pollutants in raw sewage, once-treated and double-treated ground water were tested and biological effects on floating lettuce were analyzed to alleviate pollution issue of surface water in vegetable garden, which resulted in irrigation water under proof. The results showed, the content of suspended solids in raw sewage was 78 mg/L, exceeding the warning level, BOD5, COD three fecal coliforms were 11.5 mg/L, 42 mg/L and 700 /100 mL, respectively, failing to meet the clean water standard. Most of pollutants were reduced to some extent after once or double treated. The suspended solid amount was decreased to 13 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, qualified for agronomical irrigation. BOD5 and COD, fecal coliforms were up to scratch. Once-treated water and tap water were used in lettuce floating transplant system to test its biological effects on vegetable growth. Results demonstrated that compared with tap water treatment, no biological abnormal phenomenon on development and yield was observed, indicating once-treated water can be used in vegetable irrigation.

  Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Relationship Between Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth of Inner Mongolia 2012, 28 (17):  284-291.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3645 Abstract + ( 2858 )   PDF ( 885549KB )   ( 700 ) Abstract: Based on the theory of Environmental Kuznets Curve, we used various models to test if the relationship between environmental wastes and gross domestic product in Inner Mongolia In order to provide suggestions for environmental policy and keep balance between environment protection and economic development, the authors studied the relationship between environment pollution and economic growth in Inner Mongolia. Based on the theory of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), the authors used various models to test if the relationship between environmental wastes and gross domestic product in Inner Mongolia from 1986 to 2009 could fit the Environmental Kuznets Curve model. The authors discussed the relationship between environment quality and economic development of Inner Mongolia and estimated the trend of wastes discharge theoretically. The results showed that: 1) the production of volume of solid waste and industrial emissions in Inner Mongolia increased rapidly as per capita GDP increased, of which the relationship could fit the left part of the inverted ‘U-type’ EKC, the discharge of solid wastes had increased by 105.0832 million tons from 1986 to 2009 with the annual growth rate of 9.17% and the discharge of industrial emissions increased by 228.2836 million tons with the annual growth rate of 11.54%, while the emission of sulfur dioxide was surpassing the turning point of the curve, being in the decreasing phase of the inverted ‘U-type’ EKC. The discharge of liquid waste was in a slow growing phase accompanied by the increase of per capita GDP and the discharge of soot and dust displayed a general downward trend. Meanwhile, using the gray relative analysis method, the authors studied the internal association results, and the results showed the main factors which influenced environmental changes in Inner Mongolia included industrial structure, total gross domestic production, energy consumption in unit GDP and urbanization process. Based on our analysis, it presented a series of policy choices as guidelines for creating a win-win situation for both the economy and the environment.relationship between environment quality and economic development of Inner Mongolia and estimated the trend of wastes discharge theoretically. We concluded that: 1)the production of volume of solid waste and industrial emissions in Inner Mongolia increased rapidly as per capita GDP increased, of which the relationship could fit the left part of the inverted ‘U - type’ EKC， the discharge of solid wastes had increased by 105.0832 million tons from 1986 to 2009 with the annual growth rate of 9.17% and the discharge of industrial emissions increased by 228.2836 million tons with the annual growth rate of 11.54%， while the emission of sulfur dioxide was surpassing the turning point of the curve, being in the decreasing phase of the inverted ‘U - type’ EKC. The discharge of liquid waste was in a slow growing ohase accompanied by the economic development and the discharge of soot and dust displayed a general downward trend. Meanwhile, using the gray relative analysis method, we studied the internal association results showed that : the main factors which influenced environmental changes in Inner Mongolia included industrial structure, total gross domestic production, energy consumption in unit GDP and urbanization process. Based on our analysis we presented a series of policy choices as guidelines for creating a win-win situation for both the economy and the environment.

  Monitoring and Analysis on Wind Energy Source in Chongqing 2012, 28 (17):  292-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3579 Abstract + ( 1292 )   PDF ( 1181875KB )   ( 859 ) In order to reveal actual conditions of wind energy resource and analyze the influence of topography on wind energy resource, sequential 12 months’ wind data was used which was obtained from professional observing towers and meteorological stations in Chongqing. Wind energy source was calculated and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) data of meteorological stations could not be used to accurately evaluate wind energy source in Chongqing; (2) there were developable wind energy source at present technology level in Chongqing; (3) vertical profile of wind speed fitted power exponent relationship. The final conclusion was that wind energy could be developed and utilized under the technology for the moment in some high mountains northeast and southeast in Chongqing.

  Analysis on Preliminary Effects and Basic Features of Agroclimatic Changes in Huaibei Plain from 1955 to 2010 2012, 28 (17):  301-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3626 Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 1011920KB )   ( 702 ) To provide the scientific basis for inducting the agricultural production in winter in Huaibei plain, based on the daily meteorological observation dataset from typical site in Huaibei plain (from December to January) from 1955 to 2010, the author analyzed and disclosed the evolution characteristics of agroclimatic basic elements and agroclimatic index and their influences on agriculture by means of mathematical statistics. The results showed that: (1) in Huaibei plain, the average temperature and accumulated temperature (≥0℃) in winter obviously increased in 55 years, in which the mutational point appeared in 1986, but the sunlight time decreased and the fluctuation of inter-annual rainfall increased, so the meteorological drought became the main meteorological disaster for wheat production in winter; (2) Even though warming winter caused the winter wheat in low-growing stage, the phenomenon that the most suitable and suitable chilling days needed to complete the stage of vernalization for winter wheat exhibits an up and down trend and the fact that warming winter caused the growing stage of wheat to happen in advance increase the risks of not completing the stage of vernalization successfully and being subject to injury by frost. So the breeds whose vernalization coverd a wide temperature range should be selected in wheat introduction breeding; (3) Even though warming winter was good for agricultural facilities, the number of dimly days which was turning against agricultural facilities increased. Simultaneously the current greenhouse cropping system still had the risks of low temperature and freezing injury. So, it was necessary to guard against lower temperatures and scientifically design the greenhouse structure to fight against insufficient hours of sunshine. The winter temperature had an obvious increasing trend in Huaibei plain in Anhui Province. The agroclimatic basic elements i.e. sunlight, heat and water and agroclimatic index i.e. accumulation temperature, extreme winter cold, insufficient illumination had different changes and had both advantages and disadvantages to agricultural production in winter.

  An Overview of Climate Change of Temperate Grassland and Its Impacts on Vegetation 2012, 28 (17):  310-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3571 Abstract + ( 1230 )   PDF ( 636838KB )   ( 1265 ) In order to study climate change in temperate grassland and its impact on nature-social-economic systems and its response and adaptability, this paper reviewed the changes of drought and the main elements, such as temperature, precipitation in temperate grassland, and regional climate changes forecasting research. Then, the paper summed up the latest research about the impacts of climate change on temperate grassland vegetation. The study found that climate showed significantly higher temperature, more significant regional differences in precipitation, drought increasing, and the vegetation phenology, physical characteristics, productivity, NDVI changed significantly. However, there still existed much uncertainty in climate change forecast and its scale. Therefore, it was urgent to carry out research on climate change and its heterogeneity at large spatial-temporal scale. Besides, it also needed to further strengthen the impact of climate change and adaptation.