Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.16 Published:05 June 2012

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  Studies on Adaptive Mechanisms of Karst Dominant Plant Species to Drought and High Calcium Stress LUO Xu-Qiang 2012, 28 (16):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0223 Abstract + ( 1395 )   PDF ( 585023KB )   ( 903 ) Special physical and chemical properties of calcareous soil in karst areas have significantly conditionality on plant species growing on it, the resistance and adaptability of dominant plant species of calcareous soil to the environment are of increasing interest. The author summed up the resistance and adaptability of dominant plant species which growing and developing in calcareous soil, mainly from a view of morphology and physiology. Furthermore, this paper had a brief review on the problem in correlative studies, and the study trends of this field are also prospected.

  Foreign Studies on Biomass model 2012, 28 (16):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0036 Abstract + ( 1511 )   PDF ( 679819KB )   ( 1380 ) The aim was to describe the current foreign study of biomass model and to summarize the developing trend and heated topic of biomass model study. The developing process of foreign study on biomass is concluded and the heated biomass model is analyzed on the basis of plenty of foreign thesis. This thesis gives a conclusion on the broadly applied heated biomass equations such as empirical equation, allometric equation, generalized allometric equation, fractal geometry, channel model etc. This thesis also concludes the current study situation of biomass calculation parameters, biomass allocation etc. According to the developing trend of biomass study, the biomass study will broaden the research spectrum and depth and the research will center on the perspectives on the survival and sustainable development on human beings. According to the foreign experience, the biomass study in China should focus on the enlargement of biomass research spectrum, standardization of parameters and conversion of dimension etc. The research of biomass should hold the right orientation and technology to give scientific conclusion.

  Characteristics Comparison of Different Development Periods of Cones Between Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) 2012, 28 (16):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1337 Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 801851KB )   ( 770 ) In order to solve the problems of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) cone seeds are difficult to distinguish clear after the formation of the zygotic embryos, the larch cones characteristic changes to determine the various characteristics of the cone seeds and larch embryogenic callus induction rate, to find the best material period of induction of somatic embryos of L. principis-rupprechtii and L. Kaempferi. In this study, L. principis-rupprechtii and L. Kaempferi cones as test material to compare the different developmental stages of 2 larch cone 7 phenotypic indexes difference. Larch zygotic embryos of different developmental stages of 2 embryogenic callus induction of indicators and analysis of the correlation. The results showed that L. principis-rupprechtii cone wideitudinal diameter and seed wideitudinal diameter had been larger than L. kaempferi at different developmental stages. Larch cones and seeds of various periods of vertical and horizontal diameter ratio L. kaempferi were significantly higher than L. principis-rupprechtii. The same culture conditions, each period L. principis-rupprechtii. embryogenic callus induction rate than L. kaempferi, received the highest embryo callus induction rate was 78.89% on July 27. Correlation analysis showed that the larch embryogenic callus induction rate was a significant positive correlation with the cone wideitudinal diameter. This paper provides the important first-hand data for the future researches on somatic embryo callus induction rate of larix, and it also lays the solid foundation for the rapid propagation of excellent clones, genetic improvement, artificial seed production and so on of larix in our country.

  Screening and Identification of Protease-producing Bacterium from Intestinal Canal 2012, 28 (16):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3833 Abstract + ( 2229 )   PDF ( 920151KB )   ( 1238 ) In order to breed high-yield strains for protease, sixteen protease-producing strains were isolated from intestinal canal of Dendrolimu houi by casein plate. 2N01 was screened as a higher-yield strain for protease by comparing the size of transparent circle and enzyme activity. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the published 16S rDNA sequences of relative bacteria species. In the phylogenetic tree, the strain 2N01 was in the branch with the Enterobacter hormaechei CIP 103441T (AJ508302). The most suitably culture conditions for the growth of strain 2N01 was temperature 40℃ and pH 8.0. The highest protease activity of strain 2N01 was 50.07 U/mL when grown for 72 h. This study provided a good experimental material for the further industrial utilization about protease production.

  Insect and Disease Community Structure and Its Stability in Jatropha curcas L. Plantation with Different Patterns of Mixture Forest 2012, 28 (16):  22-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3453 Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 867659KB )   ( 851 ) In order to research the effect of different Jatropha curcas mixed mode on the prevention and control of pests and diseases, an investigation was made on the insect and disease community composition and structure in a Jatropha curcas L. plantation with Woodfordia fruticosa-Dodomaea viscose-Macadamia integrifolia-Coffea arabica-Arehromeris lehmahii, Dalhenqia dituaifolia-Mangifera indica-Bauhinia purpurea stars mixture and Jatropha curcas-Macadamia integrifolia belt mixture; Jatropha curcas-Dalhenqia dituaifolia belt mixture; Jatropha curcas-Zea mays belt mixture. The community character index and principal component analysis were used to study the characters and stability of the insect community. The results showed that a total of 47 insect species and 33 diseases were recorded. In mixture pattern of forestry, the abundance, diversity, and evenness index of insect community were higher while the dominance index was lower. Compared with those in monocultured Jatropha curcas L. pure forest, the diversity index of insect and diseases community decreased in the order of Jatropha curcas L. plantation with Woodfordia fruticosa-Dodomaea viscosa-Macadamia integrifolia-Arehromeris lehmahii, Dalhenqia dituaifolia-Mangifera indica-Bauhinia purpurea stars mixture>Jatropha curcas-Macadamia integrifolia belt mixture>Jatropha curcas-Dalhenqia dituaifolia belt mixture>Jatropha curcas-Zea mays belt mixture. Thus, the insect and disease community in Jatropha curcas mix plantation with Woodfordia fruticosa-Dodomaea viscosa-Macadamia integrifolia-Arehromeris lehmahii, Dalhenqia dituaifolia-Mangifera indica-Bauhinia purpurea stars mixture was relatively stable.

  The Effects of Soil Moisture and Temperature for Poplar Forest Land Under Different Water Supply in the Ulanbuh Sandy Area 2012, 28 (16):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0359 Abstract + ( 1104 )   PDF ( 821839KB )   ( 680 ) In order to improve the efficiency of water resources in arid areas, make sure the area of poplar artificial mill reasonable water supply, and realize the goal of poplar plantation scientific control, based on 4-year term located experiment of supplying different annual water supply capacity (1500 m3/hm2, 3000 m3/hm2, 4500 m3/hm2, 6000 m3/hm2 and 7500 m3/hm2), it was investigated on effects of soil moisture and temperature for forest land of Populus popular’s in the Ulanbuh sandy area. The results showed that: soil humidifying effects of poplar forest land differed significantly among 5 treatments of different annual water supplied. Soil water content of every soil layer and every month increased with the increase of annual water supply. The peak value of soil water content for the maximum annual water supply happened in July and the others happened in June. Fast-growing poplar’s annual water supply threshold was the 7500 m3/hm2, this annual water supply could make recharge layer of soil water maintain above 70 cm depth, and could make soil water content of recharge layer and high temperature period (6-9 months) remained above 20%. Increasing water supply, the decreasing amplitude of soil water content would be enlarged along with the increase of stand age. Each additional water volume of 1500 m3/hm2 could raise 4.69%-7.43% of water storage content and 1.42%-15.5% of effective soil water content. The effect of water supply on field water capacity was unremarkable. With the increase of water supply, the value of soil water deficit mitigated significantly, and soil temperature reduced 1.66-3.26℃ within the same soil layer and reduced 8.64-9.66℃ down along soil profile. Water supply of minimum and maximum should be carried out in April (low-temperature period) and in July (high-temperature period) to meet the needs of water and temperature for stands growth.

  Cytological Observations on the Development of Populus hopeiensis Embryo Sac 2012, 28 (16):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0357 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 1143983KB )   ( 1136 ) It’s an efficient way to get polyploidy by inducing the embryo sac chromosome doubling in Populus. In order to confirm the handling time of inducing the P. hopeiensis embryo sac chromosome doubling, development of embryo sac and zygote of P. hopeiensis were studied. The results showed that developmental process of embryo sac of P. hopeiensis was typical Polygonum type; the process not only was correlated with the development period, but also had a strong asynchronism. At the later period of embryo sac development and the process of zygote development, a large number of abnormalities were observed. Most mature and immature embryo sacs became vestigial, and developed into empty embryo sac or embryo sac with exceptional structure. Double fertilization and zygotic formation were infrequent. Taking into account the pollen of P. bolleana normal germination on stigma of P. hopeiensis, it suggested that embryo sac degradation might be the main reason for embryo abortion of P. hopeiensis.

  Over-expression of the Auxin Influx Carrier Gene PtAUX1 of Populus tomentosa Carr. Alters Organs Morphology 2012, 28 (16):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0504 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 671947KB )   ( 802 ) The aim was to study the action of genes encoding auxin signaling components in plants development. P. tomentosa and Arabidopsis were chosen as the research object in the paper. PtAUX1 complied with the role of auxin characteristics and influenced organ morphology through the regulation of auxin polar transport in the distribution of the plants. By using expression vector of P. tomentosa PtAUX1 constructed by our laboratory, the auxin influx import carrier PtAUX1 was transformed into Arabidopsis and Poplar. PtAUX1 transgenic plants were detected by PCR, and the phenotypes of transgenic plants and morphologic characters cultured in vivo were analyzed. The experiments showed that the over-expression of PtAUX1 influenced many organs of the morphological development. Transgenic plant of Poplar had vigorous growth and spire. Transgenic plant of Arabidopsis had grown in groveling, not altered root geotropism, trichome number increased on the stem, and abnormal floral organs. The results indicated that PtAUX1 promoted cells and tissues to absorb endogenesis IAA by auxin polar transport, and then participated in organ polarity establishment, and influenced morphology and development of the organs.

  Cloning and expression analysis of a wound-induced protein gene in Hevea brasiliensis 2012, 28 (16):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3697 Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 2380049KB )   ( 797 ) The aim was to study the molecular mechanism of rubber tree in stress response. The first wound-induced protein gene in Hevea brasiliensis designated as HbWUN1, was isolated according to assembled sequences of two ESTs (GenBank: GO349116 and EC607122). The complete cDNA of HbWUN1 was 872 bp in size with a 390 bp ORF encoding 129 amino acid. As a predicted hydrophilic protein, no signal peptides and transmembrane structures were predicted within HbWUN1. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that HbWUN1 was clustered together with Arabidopsis thaliana (NP_974279.1). The expression pattern of HbWUN1 was no tissue-specific with high expression in latex. In different developing stages of rubber tree leaves, HbWUN1 showed a variation expression profile and reached the highest level at senescence stage. In addition, low temperature, wounding, high salt, ET and JA treatments regulated the expression of HbWUN1, suggesting that HbWUN1 might play vital roles in stress response of rubber tree.

  Establishment and Optimization of ISSR-PCR Reaction System of Mytilaria laosensis 2012, 28 (16):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3531 Abstract + ( 1017 )   PDF ( 1534754KB )   ( 808 ) To establish a stable, repeatable ISSR-PCR reaction system of Mytilaria laosensis, those five factors, the concentration of DNA template, dNTPs, Mg2+, and primers and Taq DNA polymerase, were studied through the single factor tests, orthogonal tests and variance analysis with the total DNA of Mytilaria laosensis as experimental material. The optimal system of ISSR-PCR reaction was established as follows: 30 ng template DNA, 0.20 mmol/L dNTPs, 2.75 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.6 μmol/L primers, 2.20 U Taq DNA polymerase were contained in 20μL reaction system. Variance analysis showed that: only the Mg2+ concentration of five factors has the greatest impact on the reaction system and reached a significant level.

  Study on Introduction and Growth Characteristics on Gingkgo biloba L. in Hui County of Gansu Province 2012, 28 (16):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3704 Abstract + ( 1198 )   PDF ( 662670KB )   ( 876 ) In order to select the fine varieties of Gingkgo biloba L. which adapted to be cultivated in Longnan District, explore the rules of growth habit on different varieties, and afford the theoretical guides to cultivation techniques on Gingkgo biloba L. for leaf use and fruity use. The author made an introduction trial on the four species, Qixingguo, Dafoshou, No.6 Yuanling, and Damaling which came from Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province and took the observation and investigation on the one-year-old grafting sapling about the following indexes of the survival rate, the types of branches for shading, the growth of fresh branches, phenophase, and the net photosynthetic rate. With the SPSS 17.0 software to take the variance analysis, the results were as follows: (1) the grafting survival rate was Damaling>Dafoshou>Qixingguo>No. 6 Yuanling, and the rate was all higher than 73.36%; (2) Compared to the local specie of Dafozhi, the top-cutting time of four introduction species had delayed one or three days. Except for that, there were no significant differences on the budding, leaf-expansion, leaf-golden and deciduous periods; (3) The number of long branches for shading and the growth of fresh branches on No. 6 Yuanling was significantly higher than Dafozhi. The number of short-branches on Damaling was higher than other species, and the growth of fresh branches was higher Dafozhi; (4) The changing tendency of photosynthetic rate on Dafoshou, Qixingguo and No. 6 Yuanling was obviously showed the double-peak curves. But the changing tendency of photosynthetic rate on Dafozhi was just showed single-peak curve at 10:00, and the photosynthetic rate on Dafozhi was significantly lower than other species at the time of 8:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00.

  Influence of Low Temperature on the Physiological ofYanshan Chestnut Branches 2012, 28 (16):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3530 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 693610KB )   ( 786 ) In order to study the influence of low temperature on the physiological characteristics of ‘Yanshan’ Chestnut Branches, the test materials were collected from one year robust branches of ‘Yanlong’ chestnut. In different low temperature conditions, conductivity, the content of MDA, the activity of PPO and the rate of graft were tested. The electrolyte leakage rate and the damage degree of chestnut branches were increasing with the temperature decreasing. Above -20℃, the content of MDA was increasing with the temperature decreasing. At -20℃, the content of MDA was highest; at -25℃, the content of MDA was back to a very low level. Above -20℃, the activity of PPO was decreasing with the temperature decreasing, but under -20℃ the activity of PPO was increasing. The rate of survival was decreasing with the temperature decreasing. It had the highest rate of survival at 0℃ (60%). The rate of survival was 0% under -20℃. -20℃ was the limit temperature of ‘Yanshan’ Chestnut Branches. There were inflexion of the content of MDA and the activity of PPO at -20℃. It was confirmed preliminarily that used the temperature of the content of MDA and the activity of PPO to ensure the limit temperature of plant can bear.

  The Study on Afforestation Trial of Light Medium Seedlings of Toxicodendron succedaneum 2012, 28 (16):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0818 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 547431KB )   ( 679 ) In order to systematically study the effect of afforestation by light medium Toxicodendron succedaneum seedlings, the afforestation comparison trial of Toxicodendron succedaneum field bare-root seedlings and light medium seedlings was studied in the same site conditions, using a randomized block design test methods, to explore differences of afforestation survival rate and growth in the two types of seedlings mountain reforestation. The results showed that: the two types of Toxicodendron succedaneum seedlings mountain afforestation were quite different in terms of survival rate, tree height, basal diameter, and the difference was significant. The average survival rate of light medium seedlings was 94.83% and the survival rate of field bare-root seedlings was 90.56%. The average tree height and basal diameter of one year seedling with light medium reforestation method were 208.79 cm and 30.2820 mm respectively. While the average tree height and basal diameter of one year seedling with field bare-root reforestation method were124.39 cm and 21.677 mm, respectively. The experiments showed that the early growth and survival rate of the seedlings using light medium seedlings afforestation method were better than conventional field bare-root seedlings. Therefore, it was of great practical significance to promote light medium Toxicodendron succedaneum seedlings afforestation method, especially on the stony desertification soil and desertification soil.

  Study on Drought-resistance Characteristics of Juniperus formosana ‘Blue Arrow’ under Osmotic Stress 2012, 28 (16):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0198 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 694472KB )   ( 772 ) To Juniperus formosana ‘Blue Arrow’ as the research object, using polyethylene glycol 6000 ( PEG-6000 ) in the indoor simulated drought stress, testing the changes of RWC, relative conductivity, content of soluble protein, free proline, soluble sugar and MDA under drought stress of different degree. The results showed that, various index changes with time corresponding changes, RWC decreased with prolonged treatment, When dealing with a 5 days, 20% and 30% PEG treatment of RWC significantly decreased, respectively 37.38% and 56.60% lower than that of control, the relative conductivity and soluble protein and MDA content first increased and then decreased, they reached the peak in 15 days. The proline content increased with prolonged treatment and 10 days later increased slowly, soluble sugar content showed a gradual upward trend, on day 20, under 3 kinds of processing concentration stress, soluble sugar content respectively controlled 1.9, 2.2, 2.3 times. Therefore, these indices above indicated that Juniperus formosana ‘Blue Arrow’ had the ability to resist drought conditions and to adapt relatively strong drought stress by adjusting its osmotic substance and water potential.

  Research on Shade Tolerance of Stephanandra incise 2012, 28 (16):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0245 Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 868212KB )   ( 792 ) Stephanandra incise of 2 to 3 years has been studied by artificial shading in order to investigate its shade tolerance. The growth and physiological character of Stephanandra incisa under different shading treatments were measured to reveal the effect of shading. The results showed that Stephanandra incisa with 20%-40% transmittance grew best; when with full illumination, it grew well, however, the leaves became yellow with foxiness; Stephanandra incisa could still alive when with 5% transmittance, and the leaves were small and uniform.

  Research on the Coupling Network of Forest Landscape Patches Based on Shrubs Diversity 2012, 28 (16):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0161 Abstract + ( 10179 )   PDF ( 1527953KB )   ( 1951 ) In order to research the forest landscape pattern and its influence on the diversity of shrubs in the west of Dongting Lake, based on the forest distribution, the author divided the landscape into 12 types and constituted landscape plaques by amalgamating adjacent sub-compartment. What’s more, combined with Shannon-wiener index, the author deduced the edge effects of shrubs as the edge weights to establish the model and coupling network. The results showed that the coupling network had both scale-free and small-world characteristics, for it had a power-law distribution of node degrees. The node degree and betweenness had a positive correlating high order curve, which indicated that the higher node degree, the more importance it was in the net’s connection. What’s more, the older the trees, the higher density and clustering coefficients, so that the stronger stability the network was. It could be learned from Changde forest station that the node strength had a positive value in a total, although some of them had either positive or negative value and this type of landscape pattern distribution would promote the diversity of shrubs.

  Research on Sloping Cropland Soil Improvement Effects After Returning Farmland to Forest in Hechuan District of ChongQing 2012, 28 (16):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0109 Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 648389KB )   ( 825 ) Converting cultivated land into forestland is an important way for the reconstruction of degraded ecosystem. To investigate the evolution of the soil under different models of returning farmland to forest, the physiochemical properties of soil taken from several forestry lands under 7 different models of returning farmland to forest in Hechuan District in ChongQing was compared. The results showed that the physiochemical properties of the soil were greatly improved. For the total soil porosity, capillary soil porosity and clay content, those of the reforestation fields were larger than those of the slope fields. Expect of available P and K, all of the soil nutrient was enhanced after the reforestation. The quality of recovering for the soil differed with different styles of reforestation qualitatively. The soil organic matter and N in the soil reforested by Chinese prickly ash, P in the soil reforested by Paniculed goldraintree, K in the soil reforested by Metasequoia obtained the maximum respectively.

  Comparison and Analysis on Dust-retention Ability of Major Deciduous Greening Species in Xuzhou 2012, 28 (16):  95-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3822 Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 933627KB )   ( 853 ) In order to filter out the main urban greening tree which has the strong dust-retention ability, the dust-retention ability of 6 major deciduous greening trees at 3 representative regions, including industrial area, main traffic artery and clean area in Xuzhou were studied. The results showed that: (1) different deciduous greening trees had distinctly different dust detaining abilities when in the same dust environment region: α=0.05, P≤0.001; (2) Under the same dust condition, the descending order of dust-retention ability in 6 deciduous greening trees was as follows: Lagerstroemia indica>Platanus×acerifolia>Pterocarya stenoptera C>Populus tomentosa Carr>Broussonetia papyrifera>Populus euramevicana cv; (3) The dust-retention ability of deciduous greening trees was closely related to the surface characteristics of leaves. Lagerstroemia indica, Platanus×acerifolia and Pterocarya stenoptera C should be given prior consideration in the choice of the deciduous tree species in Xuzhou for reducing the atmospheric particles.

  Effect of Template with Carrying Soil for Afforesting on the Water and Salt Dynamic of Coastal Saline Soil 2012, 28 (16):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1005 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 999275KB )   ( 700 ) In order to provide sufficient theoretical basis for the template with carrying soil for afforesting on coastal muddy saline land, the author took the saline soil of Nanpu economic development area in Tangshan, Hebei Province as the research object. A field experiment was conducted to research the effect of template with carrying soil for afforesting on the dynamic of water and salt of coastal saline soil and compared the effect of salinity reducing between different template with carrying soil. The results showed that the law of soil water content of control group (not transform undisturbed soil) were the same with rainfall or there was a slight lag. The treatment group (template with carrying soil are made in different ways which were numbered A1, A2, A3, A4) also had the effect of rainfall, but there was significant differences between water content of each layer and the peak appear on different time. There were significant differences between influence of each manufacture ways on water content of 0-20 cm, 40-60 cm soil layer, but 20-40 cm, 60-80 cm soil layer are opposite. There was very significant negative correlation between the changes of salt and moisture of control group, and salt content was severe increased at the end of observation; on the contrary, the treatment group had no significant correlation relationship, the change tendency of salt content remain lower overall. There were significant differences between each manufacture ways on salt content of each soil layer, the reduce degree of average salt content of each treatment group was larger than the corresponding control group. The overall effect of salt content reducing rank was A1>A3>A2>A4; the effect of salt content reducing rank of root zone was A1>A2>A4>A3. Comprehensive analysis, the effect of reducing salt content of template with carrying soil of A1 which was produced by primary state soil and substrate soil with 1:2 was better than the others.

  Effects on the Fruiting Characteristics and Fruit Contents of Areca catechu of Hormones 2012, 28 (16):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2039 Abstract + ( 1373 )   PDF ( 744842KB )   ( 1233 ) The aims were to improve the fruit set percentage and study the change of fruiting characteristics and fruit contents of Areca. The experiments were made to spray Areca during the flowering stage with three hormones(IBA、GA3 and yunda-120) of different concentrations. The results showed that the fruiting numbers and fruit set percentage were obviously improved, and augmented the fruit shape index. There existed the obvious difference with hormones of different concentrations. The effects were distinctly increased, such as the fruiting numbers with 50 mg/L GA3 treatment, the fruit set percentage with 100mg/L IBA treatment and the fruit shape index with 400 mg/L IBA treatment. The contents of the soluble sugars and proteins and celluloses of fruits were improved with hormones, but there was little effect on the contents of starches. Yunda-120, GA3 and IBA respectively had obvious effects on the contents of proteins, soluble sugars and celluloses of fruits. The conclusions were made that hormones of promoting growth could improve the fruit set percentage and change the accumulation of content, but there was some difference with different hormones.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics on Simplified Pruning in Camellia oleifera 2012, 28 (16):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0024 Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 777848KB )   ( 837 ) In order to clarify photosynthetic characteristics on simplified pruning in Camellia oleifera and provide evidence for rational pruning and high photosynthetic efficiency tree body structure. The study used the field experiment and photosynthetic factors observation on the Camellia oleifera adult trees which analyzed them photosynthetic diurnal variation and its interrelated factors by statistical methods as correlation analysis and path analysis. The results displayed that the photosynthetic capacity could improved and the net photosynthetic rate were higher than control. Net photosynthetic rate was very significantly positive correlated with transpiration rate, light intensity, air temperature, stomatal conductance and vapor pressure deficit on leaf, and relative humidity was very significantly negative correlated with the intercellular CO2 concentration. The effect order was transpiration rate>the intercellular CO2 concentration>light intensity>stomatal conductance>relative humidity. Correlation between diurnal variation and chlorophyll content was related to time. The study demonstrated that the Camellia oleifera tree body photosynthetic performance can markedly improve by simplified pruning, and simplified pruning was a effective way for regulation of adult Camellia oleifera tree.

  Vegetation Phenology Monitoring and Spatio-temporal Dynamics in Zhejiang Province in Past 10 Years 2012, 28 (16):  117-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0078 Abstract + ( 1663 )   PDF ( 16130935KB )   ( 676 ) In order to understand the vegetation phenological variation of Zhejiang Province comprehensively and further improve the vegetation response to climate change mechanism, the vegetation phenological metrics (the beginning data, the ending data and length of growing season) and its spatio-temporal variation in Zhejiang Province were analyzed, based on the reconstructed MODIS NDVI time-series using the improved Savitzky-Golay filter. To explore the vegetation phenology from 2001 to 2010, a polynomial fitting and dynamic threshold method were utilized. The results showed that vegetation growing season of Zhejing Province started in late March and ended in mid November, the average length of growing season was about 222 days. In past 10 years, the beginning time of growing season expressed the advance trend, but not significant, while the ending time was significantly delayed, the length of growing season was extended, about 7 days every 10 years. The spatial pattern of the begging time of growing season was embodied by transition from south to north, the ending time was relatively concentrated. Vegetation growing season of extended area was similar of the shortened area. Phenological characteristics of different vegetation types showed great differences. Coniferous forest and shrub grassland of the typical vegetation phenological changes were analyzed, the NDVI variation of shrub grassland was larger than coniferous forest both in annual and inner-annual. Coniferous forest growth season was shorter than the shrub grassland about 35 days, and extension of the trend, while shrub grass growing season changed not obviously.

  Factor Analysis on Subsidy Preference of Forester of Private Forest: Based on Empirical Research of Questionnaire Survey in Southern Collectively Owned Forest colin 2012, 28 (16):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0924 Abstract + ( 1990 )   PDF ( 617651KB )   ( 918 ) Foresters are basic micro-subject in southern collectively owned forest, which desire is strong or weak must influence forest economy development. So, subsidy to foresters is an important means which can encourage foresters to improve their desires and promote private forests to sustained develop. Subsidy policy design of private forest should be established in the direct beneficiaries’ real demand in order to reduce contradiction between supply and demand of policy and increase subsidy effect .Based on this, questionnaire investigated foresters’ subsidy preference in south nine provinces, and with logistic model analyzed preference factors of foresters, the aim is rationality of design on subsidy policy. From the analysis, the author can realize management bottleneck and provide the direction for designing subsidy policy because of different environment, different subsidy preference.

  Research Progress in Sugarbeet Rhizomania 2012, 28 (16):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3794 Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 909092KB )   ( 646 ) Rhizomania is a soil-borne disease occurring in the major geographic range of sugar planting, and it has caused severe yield losses in lack of effective control management. The latest progresses on beet rhizomania were reviewed from the following aspects: ① Genome structure of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV); ② Classification of BNYVV and the relationship with other beet soilborne virus; ③ Detection methods of beet rhizomania; ④ Control strategy of beet rhizomania. The research trend of rhizomania was also discussed in this paper.

  The Utilization of Spectral Reflectance on Turfgrass Stress Research 2012, 28 (16):  138-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1160 Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 577222KB )   ( 751 ) This paper briefly discussed the principles and characteristics of spectral reflectance. Commonly used reflectance index in turfgrass stress research was introduced. The application of spectral reflectance in turfgrass stress research, such as pest, drought, traffic, nutrient, salinity stress was analysed separately. It suggested that spectral reflectance is a fast, easy, and accurate tool for identification of biotic and abiotic stress, assessment of plant physiological status, prediction of nutrient availability for turfgrass, indicating its broad application prospects in turfgrass research. This review also summarised the data transformation and smooth manipulation method, the importance of the data handling for correlation analysis and prediction model was emphasised. The purpose of this review is to provide a new method and angle for domestic turfgrass physiologist and turfgrass managers.

  Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Dose on Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Lettuce Cultured in Organic Substrate-Vinegar Residue 2012, 28 (16):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0008 Abstract + ( 1259 )   PDF ( 812266KB )   ( 856 ) In order to study the effect of chemical fertilizer dose on nutrient absorption and utilization of vegetable cultured in organic substrate, through the experiment in different methods of fertilizer application, the effect of different fertilization amount on the absorption, content and utilization of nutrients for lettuce grown with vinegar residue substrate in pot was researched. The results showed that the content of N, P and K in root and leaf in lettuce increased as the fertilization amount increased. However, the absorption of N, P and K in leaf in lettuce showed as 1/4s>1/2s>1/8s>1s>0s (0, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 units of normal fertilizer concentration). 1/8 unit fertilizer amount treatment has the highest fertilizer-N, P and K use efficiency, while 1/4 unit fertilizer amount treatment has the highest fertilizer-K use efficiency, as well as the total nutrient use efficiency. So it was suggested that 1/4 unit fertilizer amount treatment was suitable for lettuce grown with vinegar residue substrate.

  The Effect of Different Cubage Pot Culture on Fruit Quality and Leaf Nitrogen Metabolism of Lycopersicon esculentum 2012, 28 (16):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3472 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 732779KB )   ( 832 ) In order to discuss the effect of root restriction on cherry tomato fruit quality and leaf nitrogen metabolism. In this experiment, the impact of root restriction on Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Jinzhu’ single fruit weight, fruit quality, NO3--N content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in a substrate cultivation with different cubage pots. Results showed that root restriction reduced the single fruit weight and increased the fruit quality, namely soluble solid content (12.50%), tritratable acid content (21.75%), vitamin C content (3.41%). Moreover, the improvement of quality and decrease of single fruit weight became more significant with reduction of cubage pots. NO3--N content and NR activity in leaves also decreased with root restriction. Thus, root restrictions improved fruit quality, at the same time, reduced fruit yield and weakened leaf nitrogen metabolism. This study had important instruction meaning for high quality tomato cultivation in some extent.

  Establishment of in vitro Regeneration System for Processing Tomato 2012, 28 (16):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1491 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 5566646KB )   ( 751 ) Cotyledons of processing tomato cultivar ‘Yaxin 98-1’ and ‘Liger 87-5’ were used as explants and cultured on the medium with different mitogen (ZT or 6-BA) and auxin (IAA or NAA) to study their effect on callus induction and bud differentiation. The results showed that callus could be induced in all kinds medium, but there were obvious differences on callus configuration and bud differentiation. The effect of ZT was better than that of 6-BA, and IAA was better than NAA on bud induction. The optimum medium for bud differentiation was MS+ZT 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L. The bud differentiation of cultivar ‘Yaxin 98-1’ was better than that of cultivar ‘Liger 87-5’. The regenerated buds could develop normally after roots were induced on 1/2MS+IAA 0.1 mg/L.

  Studies on Main biological Characters of Solanum habrochaites 2012, 28 (16):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3900 Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 600355KB )   ( 767 ) To utilize tomato wild germplasm resource better, we studied main biological characteristics of Solanum habrochaite and hybridization with Solanum lycopersicon. The results showed that seeds of Solanum habrochaite were smaller and hairless,with a strong ability to germinate; leaves were smaller with tightly packed leaflet and chlorophyll content of leaves had a smaller difference than cultivated tomatoes;stem were slim and internodes were longer;The flower were bright colors and had a concave stigma which out of anther.The pollen had strong germination under low temperature. when cultivated tomato were used as the female parent crossing with Solanum habrochaite, the female parent could friutset, whereas no results.

  Molecular Marker and Genetic Analysis of Cucumber Seed Length 2012, 28 (16):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0525 Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 1230341KB )   ( 863 ) In order to become the correct policy with cucumber seed breeding plan and efficient variety breeding, it is necessary to study in detail the cucumber seed length. Selected five different seed length inbred lines and build hybrid combination according GriffingⅡ. The results showed that cucumber seed length was a quantitative trait. It took dominant effect as main character，and there were certain additive effects. The narrow-sense heritability and broad-sense heritability were 28.6777% and 10.8384%. On the basis of F2 segregating population derived from combinations of large seed D06157 and small seed D0603, a molecular marker linkage map was constructed with SSR marker, and QTL analysis was performed with composite interval mapping(CIM). The results showed that four linkage groups were constructed which containing 16 SSR loci, and the total length of the linkage group was 287.1 cM, the average distance between markers was 17.94 cM. Six QTLs was detected. Among them QTL5 and QTL6 had higher contribution rate (>5%) on seed length, the minimum distance were 2.1 cM, 4.3 cM, LOD value were 7.84, 9.69, and the contribution rate to mutation were 6.07%, 6.08%, the additive effects were 39.12%, 37.21%.

  Effect on Morphological Indexes of Cucumber Seedlings of Larch Litter Used as Substrates 2012, 28 (16):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2529 Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 616868KB )   ( 775 ) In order to exploit humus resources in forest as soilless seedling substrates in Linzhi area and solve the lack of high quality substrates in vegetables seedling, we took larch litter as the main materials and took cattle manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and pig manure as the adjunct materials to form several substrate formulas according to volume ratio. Using ‘Jinchun 4’ as study materials, we studied the effect of different substrate formulas on cucumber seedlings’ morphology indexes. The results showed that the substrates formula which used the pig manure and larch litter was best according to cucumber seedling rate, plant height, stem diameter, total leaf area, root length, plant stem-leaf fresh weight and root fresh weight. Especially, after using the best formula the average root fresh weight was 1.2-1.7 times higher than that of CK. Other formula substrates had some questions, which could not be used in production directly.

  DNA Extraction from Malus Leaves of Dried Specimens Based on the Modified Methods of CTAB 2012, 28 (16):  176-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0279 Abstract + ( 2293 )   PDF ( 1094874KB )   ( 1505 ) In order to find methods for total DNA extraction from Malus herbarium specimens stored for many years and enriching polysaccharides and polyphenolics, modified CTAB methods were studied based on the conventional methods. The DNA templates were used directly in amplifying the whole nrITS region and cpDNA matK gene by adding precooling CTAB free buffer after treated without liquid nitrogen and improving the concentration of NaCl when precipitating. Utraviolet spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis methods were used to test the DNA quality. The results showed that modified CTAB methods were optimal to produce high quality and yields DNA and amplifiable in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This methods don’t need to grind with liquid nitrogen,saving manpower and reducing cost.In addition,adding CTAB free buffer and improving NaCl when precipitating were effective for the removement of polyphenolics and polysaccharides. The researches indicated that the modified CTAB was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from Malus herbarium leaves.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis for the Full Length cDNA Sequence of PPO Gene in Yali 2012, 28 (16):  180-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3731 Abstract + ( 1538 )   PDF ( 1353543KB )   ( 847 ) In order to investigate the molecular structures of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Yali, we designed series of primers based on the known cDNA fragment of PPO gene in Yali to clone the unknown 3’ and 5’ cDNA terminal sequence for this gene by using RACE method. With the total RNA extracted from fruit of Yali as the template, we finally obtained the full length cDNA sequence of PPO gene in Yali, which is 2126 bp in length, and has a open reading frame between 136-1917 bp, in which 276 predicted amino acid residues were encoded. Research the deduce amino acids of PPO gene from Yali by bioinformatics analysis, it showed that the PPO in Yali was a typical hydrophilic soluble protein which belonged to tyrosinase super family, and it does not contain distinct transmembrane domain in tertiary structure, so the Yali PPO should located in thylakoid lume of plastid. That information laid a good foundation for regulating the enzyme activity of PPO in Yali by biological technology and breeding a new cultivar of pear with browning resistance in the future.

  Fingerprinting Patterns of SSR Markers Constructed for 33 Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] Germplasms 2012, 28 (16):  186-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3733 Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 1099523KB )   ( 768 ) SSR sequences are the reproducible, stable, rich polymorphism DNA molecular markers. Fingerprint patterns of the SSR markers for 33 loquat varieties in national loquat germplasm resource garden were constructed by specifically amplifying polymorphism from 7 pairs of primers screened from 51 pairs of primers of the relatives Malus and Pyrus. The results showed that, the uses of seven primers, Hi01d05F, Hi12f04F, CH02B10F, Hi03a03, Hi03e04, Hi04a05 and Hi02c07, could distinguish 33 loquat germplasm from one another, completely, providing an essential criterion for classification and identification of the loquat resources.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of MrActin1 Gene from Myrica rubra 2012, 28 (16):  190-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2936 Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 2261782KB )   ( 791 ) The aims were to clone a full-length cDNA (MrActin1) of actin from Myrica rubra leaves, and evaluate its evolution status and analyze the expression model of MrActin1. A full-length cDNA of actin was obtained using RT-PCR techniques. The physicochemical properties and homology analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The phylogenetic tree of actin family was constructed by neighbor-joining. The expression model of MrActin1 investigated in various organs of Myrical rubra. The full length of MrActin1 was 1137 bp (GenBank accession No. AB 650589), encoding a protein of 377 amino acids. Homologous alignment showed that it shared over 88% nucleotide sequence similarity. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed on the base of amino acid sequences suggested that the relationship of actin between Myrica rubra and Gossypium hirsutum, Malva pusilla was most intimate and they might have the same differential time in evolution. The analysis by Northern blot showed that MrActin1 was constantly expressed in various organs of Myrical rubra such as flowers, leaves, branches, fruits. The full-length cDNA sequence of MrActin1 was firstly obtained.

  The Influence of Different Soil Moisture Content on Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristic of Feijo. sellowiana Berg Seedlings 2012, 28 (16):  197-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3852 Abstract + ( 8658 )   PDF ( 706509KB )   ( 1901 ) In order to select the best soil water content and study the tolerance of materials, 1-year Feijoa seedlings were treated with different soil moisture content (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) and normal management was taken as contrast. The author studied the characteristics of morphology and physiological and biochemical (POD and SOD), the option content of soil moisture on seedling growth was screening. The results showed that: all seedlings were grown in different soil water content. When the water content attained more than 80% ,seedlings appeared flooding stress and grown more fast, SOD and POD activities increased gradually with the stress time extending; When Lower than 20%, seedlings appeared drought stress, and their growth were retarded, meanwhile SOD and POD activities showed the trend of declining first and then increasing. The conclusion indicated that 40%-50% soil water content was the best for seedlings grown in this range. And the texting materials had the tolerance for different water content in a long time (within 50 days).

  DNA Extract, Screening and Optimization of ISSR Markers for Opisthopappus taihangensis 2012, 28 (16):  202-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0154 Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 1079218KB )   ( 843 ) To find a DNA extract method suitable to Opisthopappus taihangensis and obtain a few ISSR markers for O. taihangensis, the total DNA was isolated from the O. taihangensis by the common CTAB method, improved CTAB method and SDS method, then O. taihangensis DNA as template, ISSR primers were screened and the PCR conditions were optimized. The results showed the improved CTAB method got a high production rate of the extracts, and that was pure with little degradation. These productions were good templates for ISSR molecular markers. Then, out of 50 ISSR primers, 15 ISSR primers were screened which could generate clear, stable bands. By setting gradient temperatures for each primer, reaction conditions were optimized. Eventually, population samples were detected by primer UBC848, clear and stable bands were gotten. These results showed the selected ISSR primers were suitable for the study on population genetics of O. taihangensis.

  Seeds Germination and Polyploid Induction by the Colchicine of Lychnis fulgens Fisch. 2012, 28 (16):  208-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3835 Abstract + ( 1558 )   PDF ( 781520KB )   ( 796 ) In order to solve the problem of low germination rate in Lychnis fulgens seeds, influence on germinative force and germination rate in seed of Lychnis fulgens between stored and new seeds, different planting substrate and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) pretreatment were compared. The result showed one year of stored seeds were better than when new seeds on seed indicators, then the seed may have a newborn sleep characteristics. Using 150 mg/L of GA3 pretreated the stored seeds for 24 h sown in petri dishes can get the highest germinative force of 76.33% and the highest germination rate of 85.33%. Germinated seeds were treated by different concentration of colchicine (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%) and different treating time (12h, 24h, 36h, 48h) to induce polyploidy. And morphologic, stoma and cytologic comparison between treated plants and CK were studied. The survival rate was generally low after colchicine treatment. Variative plants were obtained under each colchicine concentration and concentration of 0.10% was the optimal induction concentration with the higher mutagenic rate and lower death rate. Varieties plants showed differences on morphologic, stoma and cytological analysis to control plants. One polyploidy was obtained after identification. This study opened up a new way for breeding new cultivar of Lychnis fulgens.

  Extracting of Total Flavonoids From Bauhinia and its Effects on Scavenging of Hydroxyl Radicals 2012, 28 (16):  215-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3742 Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 718868KB )   ( 778 ) The aims were to study the extraction, identification method of total flavonoids in Bauhinia and its effect on scavenging hydroxyl radicals. The total flavonoids were extracted by using ethanol extraction method from Bauhinia. A spectrophotometry was used to check the total flavonoids in Bauhinia and the effect of Bauhinia on scavenging hydroxyl radicals. The optimum technical conditions were ethanol concentration 80%, the volume 1:20 and heating extracting time 1 h at 80℃. The extraction rate of flavonoids was 11.81%. This test was simple and had no pollution. It provided the best way to extract the flavones form Bauhinia.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of psDHN-YSK2-like Dehydrin Gene in Tree Peony 2012, 28 (16):  219-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0003 Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 959224KB )   ( 746 ) The objective of this study was to obtain the full length cDNA of dehydrin gene, and to conclude its role during endo-dormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa). The flower buds endured different time of chilling were used as materials, the full length cDNA of dehydrin gene was obtained using the method of Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) PCR, and its expression pattern were analyzed using real-time PCR. Full length cDNA of dehydrin gene was 1187 bp including a 831 bp open reading frame (ORF), 114 bp 5’ terminal untranslated region (UTR) and 242 bp 3’ terminal UTR followed by 26 bp polyA tail. The deduced amino acid sequence had two conservative K segments, which was the character of dehydrin gene family. According to the classification method of Close, it should be YSK2 type. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the deduced psDHN-YSK2 was firstly clustered with that of grape. The expression of psDHN-YSK2 was steady up-regulated early in chilling requirement fulfillment. The full length cDNA of dehydrin gene was obtain and it expression trend was analyzed. All results suggested that it played an important role in the regulation of dormancy release in tree peony.

  Introduction and cultivation of rose damasceneⅢ in the western HuBei 2012, 28 (16):  225-232.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0341 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 971936KB )   ( 670 ) In order to investigate the possibility of introduction of Rosa damascene tyigintipetala in the western HuBei, a two-year introduction experiment at different sites along an attitudinal gradient was did in Xingshan, Hubei. Growth status was recorded in the first year. In the second year, photosynthesis rate (Pn), WSC, LMA, flower yield and rose oil extraction rate were measured, the phenology was recorded, too. The results showed: (1) The growth was linearly related to attitude. (2) With attitude increased, the date of leaf unfolding and flowering were later, florescence period got longer and the date of leaf-fell were earlier. (3) It began to flower in the next year of introduction, an individual plant could yield 51-517 g flowers, the average oil extraction rate in laboratory was above 0.04%. (4) Individual yield was linear related to total leaf area and WSC, but had no association with LMA and Pn.

  Appearance and Structure Analysis of Chimeric Leaves from Two Ornamental Bamboos 2012, 28 (16):  233-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0513 Abstract + ( 1214 )   PDF ( 9175791KB )   ( 654 ) In order to reveal the relationship between the structure and color of chimeric leaves from ornamental bamboos, the appearance and structure of chimeric leaves from two ornamental bamboos (Hibanobambusa tranquillans f. shiroshima H. Okaura and Sasaella.glabra f. albo-striata Muroi) were observed under light-microscopy and electron-microscopy through epidermis slice, paraffin section and ultra-thin section of leaves. The epidermis structure showed that the two bamboos were characterized as oryzoid type and there was no distinction between the green band and white band. Nevertheless, different variation levels of chloroplast in mesophyll cells were found in both of the two bamboos, in which part of grana lamella were dissolved and amount of osmiophilic granules were formed. The tissue with variant chloroplasts in one or two stratums made it light green, while chloroplast variations which took place in all mesophyll stratums made the leaf color white or light yellow. The leaf with normal chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was green. It was indicated that the extent of chloroplast variations in mesophyll cells was significant for leaf color, which made the bamboo appearance colorful.

  Studying on The Quality of Menghai’s Sunny Dried Tea 2012, 28 (16):  239-244.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3753 Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 621658KB )   ( 969 ) To look into the quality of sunny dried tea and it’s inner excellent chemical composition of Menghai, by the method of combining with the sensory evaluation and quality components testing analysis, taking sunny dried tea (old tea tree, ecological tea) in ten villages and towns of Menghai as experimental material ,this study revealed that the Menghai sunny dried tea was tight knot cord, show hair color embellish, thick taste and unforgettable after taste. Taste coordination and strong alcohol after taste of old tea trees were superior to ecological teas. The chemical composition was very abundant in general, the mean value content was water invasion things out 52.34%, amino acids 2.62%, caffeine 3.94%, tea polyhenols 40%, catechines contents 18.28%. Polyphenols monnmer content was Epicatechin gallate (ECG)> Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)> Catechin (C)> Epicatechin (EC)> Gallic acid (GA)> Epigallocatechin (EGC), which was superior to general Pu’er raw tea, especially tea polvhenols, catechines content, GA. The elements of content variation coefficient more than fifteen percent are EGC, C, EC, amino acids. In old tee trees, the content of amino acids was inferior to ecological tea, the content variation of amino acids, EGC, ECG was superior to ecological, what showed that the content of most chemical composition in old tea trees was not only abundant, but also the change of content variation was small.

  Rooting Culture and Training Transplant Technique of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Miq. 2012, 28 (16):  245-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1968 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 677844KB )   ( 688 ) Optimization of seedling rooting and transplanting techniques of domestication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in this study. Test based on MS culture medium, adding NAA, 6-BA and potato starch, use L94(3) orthogonal test on seedling rooting and transplanting of different substrates. MS culture medium+sucrose 30 g/L as basic culture medium and pH5.8, added NAA 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/L, 6-BA 0, 0.5, 1 mg/L and potato starch 0, 10, 20 g/L were studied, the highest average root 26.125 was induced by the basic culture medium+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0 mg/L+potato starch 10 g/L. Different soil substrates are effecting on survival rate of transplanting of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, using humus soil and humus soil 50%+perlite 50% as substrates, the survival rates were 97.5% and 92.5%.

  Effect of Preceding Crops, Soil-effective and Applied Nitrogen on Yield and Economic Output of Tobacco 2012, 28 (16):  250-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3830 Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 600833KB )   ( 760 ) This study proceeded in the tobacco fields from 2004 to 2006 based on the fact that preceding crops, vegetables enlarged in planting area and were fertilized much and those practices affected yield and quality of tobacco. The results showed that the preceding crops, wheat, canola, broad bean, garlic and leaf vegetables had different impacts on yield, economic output and the ratio of quality tobacco in the field with the same amount of soil nitrogen and nitrogen application amount. Therefore, when nitrogen amount was applied to tobacco the preceding crops should be considered carefully except the soil nitrogen. The nitrogen amount should be strictly limited if the preceding crops were garlic, leaf vegetables and vegetable pea. The study provided fertilizer application for tobacco production with an inter-relationships table among soil-effective nitrogen, applied nitrogen and preceding crops.

  Effects of Bast Fiber Mulching Film on Heat Preservation and Growth and Yield of Chinese Cabbage 2012, 28 (16):  255-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0420 Abstract + ( 2263 )   PDF ( 755971KB )   ( 989 ) In order to identify the heat preservation of bast fiber mulching film and its effects on growth and yield of crops in different seasons, the comparison tests of Chinese cabbage covered by different films have been conducted in winter, spring and summer respectively. The results showed that bast fiber mulching film could increase the soil temperature in different seasons and the effects were stable. In summer, the temperature under the bast fiber mulching film would not reach too high. With the covering of bast fiber mulching film, it could increase the rate of leaf emergence, the plant height, leaf number and leaf area. The interaction between different seasons and different covering was significant (P<0.01). And the yield-increasing effects in spring and summer were more remarkable than winter. The yield of Chinese cabbage covered with bast fiber mulching film in spring and summer were 45.97% (P＜0.05) and 48.89% (P＜0.05) respectively higher than that of Chinese cabbage without film; which were also 6.66% (P＜0.05) and 51.05% (P＜0.05) respectively higher than that of Chinese cabbage covered with plastic film.

  Effect of Different Substrates on Seedling Growth of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis 2012, 28 (16):  261-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3469 Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 702452KB )   ( 708 ) To investigate the effects of the mixture of peat, perlite, vermiculite on the Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis seedling emergence, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, petiole long and plant height, to find the best substrate formula. The results showed that the Sequence of germination rate was follows: 3＞4＞1＞5＞6＞2; the Sequence of cotyledon spreading was: 1＞3＞4＞5＞2＞6; the emergence of 3 leaves with 1 core was: 1＞3＞5＞6＞2＞4; the number of leaf, leaf length and leaf area were decreased by 0.9%,1.6% and 1.7% as compared to CK, while petiole long and plant height were increased by 4.4% and 0.3%. The analysis of correlation showed that plant height had positive correlation with leaf length, leaf width and leaf area. In conclusion when the ration of peat, perlite, vermiculite was 7:2:1, the mixing substrate had the most ideal cultivation effect which was closed to the Danish import peat.

  Influence of biogas fertilizer on quality and yield of tomato 2012, 28 (16):  266-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0418 Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 758571KB )   ( 778 ) Abstract : The plant height, fruit number, fruit maturation rate, fruit quality, yield and quality of tomato were exzamined in field experiments using biogas fertilizer in 2010-2011. The results showed that: plant height, fruit number per plant of tomato were significantly improved with the increase of the content of biogas fertilizer, but the fruit ripening rate and average fruit mass of tomato increased at first and then decrease. Yield of T4 (biogas fertilizer 52500 kg·hm-2+ diammonium phosphate 300 kg·hm-2 ) was the highest, which was 84375 kg·hm-2. The Vc and total soluble sugar content of friut were highest in T5 (biogas fertilizer 60000 kg·hm-2 + diammonium phosphate 300 kg·hm-2 ), which were 127.37 mg·kg-1 and 6.03%, respectively. Nitrate content of tomato increased with the increase of biogas fertilizers.

  Influences of Spraying Two Different Forms of Silicon on Plant Growth and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse 2012, 28 (16):  272-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3863 Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 678396KB )   ( 696 ) In order to solve the problems of restrained plant growth and low fruit quality for tomato production in solar greenhouse, plot experiments were performed to study the effects of spraying two different forms of silicon on plant growth and quality of tomato in solar green house. The results showed that both inorganic silicon (ISi) and organic silicon (OSi) applied by spraying on leaves could promote tomato growth, ISi treatment was better than OSi treatment. Compared to control treatment (CK), the chlorophyl content, stem diameter and single fruit weight of ISi-supplied plants were increased by 6.03%-9.53%, 8.74%-12.97% and 35.06% respectively, OSi-supplied plants were increased by 5.60%-6.17%, 5.35%-8.81% and 26.37% respectively. The quality of tomato was significantly improved after using two different forms of silicon fertilizer, but OSi treatment was better. Compared to CK, the Vc and soluble sugar content in tomato fruit of ISi-supplied plants were increased by 21.03% and 15.82% respectively. At the same time, the titratable acidity and nitrate content were decreased by 11.40% and 11.05% respectively. However, the Vc and soluble sugar content in tomato fruit of OSi-supplied plants were increased by 44.29% and 23.91% respectively. At the same time, the titratable acidity and nitrate content were decreased by 13.66% and 25.80% respectively.

  Rapid Identification of Hybrid Pepper Purity Establishment and Application System 2012, 28 (16):  277-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2639 Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 1207596KB )   ( 784 ) In order to solve the problem of Capsicum hybrid rapid identification of the problem, it is necessary to establish the hot pepper hybrid seed purity identification system indoor, 96 (Xingshu seeds 32 varieties of male, female and F1) as the test material, using 150 pairs of SSR primers and 96 materials were amplified by PCR, looking for the amplification of discrepancy. The amplification results found in 51 on 150 pairs of primers can amplify clear bands, 19 pairs of polymorphism was better, 5 pairs of primers can distinguish Xingshu seed 32 varieties of male, female and their F1. SSR markers can be quickly and accurately identify the purity to pepper hybrids were consistent with field identification, and low cost.

  Variety Comparison Experiments on Summer Peppers of Vegetables Producing Region of Henan Province 2012, 28 (16):  282-286.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0207 Abstract + ( 1383 )   PDF ( 560379KB )   ( 838 ) In order to adjust and optimize the structure of pepper producing area in the east of Henan province, filter suitable summer pepper varieties for vegetable use and meet the market demand, using ‘Green Sword’，‘Wynn 109’, ‘Boyan 168’, ‘Masterwork 158’, ‘Spicy 4th’ and ‘Yellow gold dragon’ etc. 6 summer pepper varieties for the test material, taking ‘Xiangyan 16th’ for the control, we made the comparison experiments of variety using general field test method. Under the condition of current production, ecological and technical in vegetables producing region of Henan province, the growth traits, production factors ,increasing yield effect and resistance of the 6 summer pepper varieties are all superior to the control of ‘Xiangyan 16th’ as a whole. These varieties of pepper are not only good alternative varieties for ‘Xiangyan 16th’ but also meeting the market needs of variety structure adjustment optimization and diversification of pepper production.

  Effect of Different HCO3- Concentration in Nutrition Solution on the Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality by Aeroponics on Cucumber 2012, 28 (16):  287-291.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3741 Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 712518KB )   ( 817 ) The influence of 5 different concentrations of HCO3-[0(CK), 2, 4, 8, 16 m mol/L] in nutrient solution by the areoponics was studied on cucumber growth, fruit yield and quality. The results showed that, compared with the control group, low concentrations of 2 and 4 mmol/L HCO3- improved the cucumber plant height, stem diameter, plant dry matter, photosynthesis, fruit soluble sugar content, nitrate content and yield. Cucumber plant height, stem diameter and dry matter were increased significantly at the concentrations of 2 m mol/L HCO3-. Cucumber production, photosynthesis were improved obviously at the concentrations of 4 m mol/L HCO3-, and it explained that the yield was higher than the control’s by 16.44%. Cucumber crop plant height, stem diameter, dry matter and soluble sugar content were decreased, the soluble protein content, Vc and nitrate content levels were increased at high concentrations of 8 and 16 mmol/L HCO3-. The results indicated that the nutrient solution including low concentrations of HCO3- improved the cucumber growing, and disadvantageous effects were found at high concentrations of HCO3-.

  A Comprehensive Evaluation of Iris Perennial Flowers Using Methods of AHP and Entropy Technology 2012, 28 (16):  292-298.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0452 Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 680159KB )   ( 647 ) In order to quantitative contrast the ornamental characters of perennial flowers and landscape application value , when there are more introduction materials, an evaluation index system for iris perennial flowers was established in terms of natural characters, blossoming characters and growing characters. The importance weights were calculated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the weight coefficients were modified by the entropy technology, so a synthetic evaluation model about Iris perennial flowers was obtained. According to this model, about 50 species Iris in Shenyang Botany Garden were evaluated and classified. A total of 10 species were selected as the first grade, of which 18 species as the second grade, of which 15 species as the third grade, and 7 species as the forth grade. This study would provide a good theoretical guidance and an important reference value for the application of iris perennial flowers in the landscaping.

  Study on the Nutrient Content of Bamboo Leaves and Soil in Coastal Region of Fujian 2012, 28 (16):  299-304.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0491 Abstract + ( 1390 )   PDF ( 623478KB )   ( 713 ) In order to study nutrient status in bamboo leaves and soil，3 coastal region in Fujian, Xiamen Garden & Flower Expo (XMYB), Farm for Returned Overseas Chinese in Putian (PTCG) and Meizhou Island of Putian (PTMZ) were studied in this paper by field investigation and sampling analysis. The results were shown as follows: The content N and content P in mature and senescent of 17 species leaves in 3 coastal region were significant difference, also significant difference in region. The average value content N of bamboo soil in XMYB, PTCG, PTMZ were 0.3697, 0.2820, 0.1921 mg/g in turn. The average value content P of bamboo soil in PTMZ, XMYB, PTCG were 0.3926, 0.3134, 0.2152 mg/g in turn. The proportion of 10 mature bamboo species average value between content Ca and content Cb was 2.17, through 11 models of single factor analysis, the relation between the bamboo’s chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content accorded with model cubic: YA=0.9699+3.7374B-0.7166B2+0.0439B3 (A stands for content Ca, B stands for content Cb), the square of its correlation coefficient was 0.934, it is very significant. Bamboo salt damage 0 degree had 5 species, 1 degree had 10 species, 2 degree had 2 species, no species in 3-5 degree.

  Effects of Furfural Residue Addition on Composting of Garden Waste 2012, 28 (16):  305-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0427 Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 712035KB )   ( 841 ) In order to speed up maturity of the garden waste composting, moreover to reduce the pollution of environment and realize the resource recycling, the experiment were conducted by using mixtures of spring garden waste and dry chicken manure to study the effects of furfural residue on composting process in Xiangshan Park of Beijing in May 2011. The author researched on the dynamical changes of temperature, the contents of total-nitrogen, C/N ratio, plant inhibited material in the composting process and the compost qualities of the different composting treatments. The results showed that in the treatment of garden waste composting without furfural residue, the highest temperature was 46℃, GI was 73%, it did not reach the stage of maturity; In the treatment with furfural residue, the time of reaching the highest temperature was 3 days and the sustaining of high temperature decomposing was 14 days. Compared with the garden waste composting treatment, with proper ratio of dry chicken manure, the time of reaching the highest temperature shortened by 2 days and the sustaining of high temperature extended by 4 days. Compared with the treatment 1 and treatment 2, the content of total-N in the treatment 3 improved by 12.4% and 36%, respectively. The GI was 73%, 87% and 90%, respectively until the end of composting. At the maturity, it was found that the composting treatment with furfural residue, had higher contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, higher total porosity and water-holding porosity, and lower the bulk density, compared with the garden waste treatment and the garden waste compost treatment with the prosper ratio of dry chicken manure, the treatment with furfural residue could improve the compost quality significantly.

  Discussion on Landscape Design for Urban Parks of Culture Theme 2012, 28 (16):  310-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0653 Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 2878800KB )   ( 818 ) The construction of the urban culture theme park is an important way that is interpretation of the urban of culture image、regional features and ecological environment. Briefly reviewed the significance of the construction of urban culture theme park, summarized the principles and features of landscape design and combined with analysis of the actual case of Baoji City’s Zhou li culture theme park landscape to discuss the soul of the culture connotation and the key position of park landscape construction, which expected to provide new ideas for exploitation, characteristic construction and sustainable development of theme park in the middle and small city, and which had theory and practical significance to the cultural expression and landscape design of the city culture theme park.