Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.31 Published:10 November 2016

  Research Progress of Picea mongolica in Arid Areas 唐卫东,魏林源,刘世增,康才周,张莹花,满多清 and 李得禄 2016, 32 (31):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040147 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 484KB )   ( 508 ) This study summarized, through referring to available literatures, research results of classification, distribution, seed germination, seedling raising, characteristics of plant community as well as afforestation of Picea mongolica. The future research direction was put forward. With the development of desert control and eco-environment restoration in western China, the selection of fine and adaptable species for desertification combating was of great importance. Therefore, the study and introduction of propagation technology of Picea mongolica as well as the stability of plant community must be enhanced in the future.

  Physiological Response and Salt Tolerance of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Under Salt Stress 2016, 32 (31):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030137 Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 3718KB )   ( 445 ) The different physiological responses in four Robinia pseudoacacia L. varieties (Yuci No.1, Yuyin No.1, Yuyin No.2 and 3-I) were studied and their salt tolerance order were studied by comparing their tolerances to different NaCl concentrations stress. Four varieties of Robinia pseudoacacia L. annual plantlet were treated with 0nmol/L, 200nmol/L and 400nmol/L NaCl. 10 physiological indexes of leaves were statistically analyzed for comprehensive evaluation on salt resistance by applying the method of subordinate function. The results showed that the response levels of physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves were different on the different Robinia pseudoacacia varieties with different salt concentrations. The salt resistance capability decreased in order of Yuyin No.1, Yuci No.1, Yuyin No.2 and 3-I.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Colored-leaf Trees in Qingdao 2016, 32 (31):  13-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030022 Abstract + ( 1488 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 485 ) The paper aims to broaden the colored- leaf tree species in Qingdao. For quantitatively and qualitatively assessing the colored-leaf trees, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), 34 kinds of colored- leaf trees introduced in Qingdao were evaluated comprehensively. Biological features, ecological characteristics and ornamental values were observed and analyzed through 2 growing seasons’open field cultivation. The results showed that: the 34 kinds of colored-leaf trees were divided into 4 grades according to the scores: grade Ⅰ (＞4.0) included 9 kinds of colored- leaf trees and had the highest comprehensive application value, grade Ⅱ (3.5-4.0) contained 10 kinds of colored-leaf trees and had higher comprehensive application value, grade Ⅲ (3.0- 3.5) comprised 11 kinds of colored- leaf trees and had common comprehensive application value, and grade Ⅳ (＜3.5) included 4 kinds of colored-leaf trees and had lower comprehensive application value. Those colored-leaf trees which belonged to grade Ⅰ could be popularized in the landscape engineering construction in Qingdao. Our research for the first time conducted the comprehensive evaluation of colored- leaf trees in Qingdao and also provided basic references for rational development and utilization of colored-leaf tree resources.

  Determination of Metallic Elements from Branches and Leaves and Flowers of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 2016, 32 (31):  20-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070049 Abstract + ( 953 )   PDF ( 583KB )   ( 418 ) The objective is to guide the production cultivation of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir., and provide the basic data for its landscaping and comprehensive development and utilization. The contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni were measured by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in 15 parts of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.. The results showed that 10 elements existed in all the organs of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.. The order of the average content was: K＞Ca＞Mg＞Na＞Fe＞ Mn＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Cu. The contents of the same element were different among 15 parts of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.. The average contents of Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in 15 parts of the Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. belonged to the normal content levels of the elements in normal plants. The contents of Fe, Cr and Ni in 15 parts of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. were relatively higher than those in normal plants, but the contents of the K, Na and Cu were relatively lower than those in normal plants.

  Improving Technology of Megaspore Culture in Vitro and Plantlet Regeneration in Cucurbita pepo 2016, 32 (31):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030124 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 1470KB )   ( 473 ) The vitrification phenomenon of culturing body is one of the main obstacles to regenerated plantlet formation in the process of in vitro culture of megaspore zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). The aim of the research is to guarantee normal production of the embryoid, minimize the impact of vitrification phenomenon on plantlet regeneration from megaspore and enhance the survival rate of test-tube plantlets. In the experiment, 4 kinds of media-induced somatic embryogenesis were selected to induce the formation of excellent induction medium. And the environmental temperature, humidity and concentration of GA were adjusted to reduce the occurrence of vitrification shoots of culturing body. The results showed that the four kinds of different levels of culture medium could induce the formation of embryoid bodies. One of the best was No. D: B5 40 g/L Suc 8 g/L Agar 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L TDZ 30 mg/L AgNO3. Meanwhile, embryo induction was up to 96% and 76% adventitious bud was generated directly. In the condition of 25℃ , 85% humidity, and 0.5% rooting medium GA concentration, the vitrification shoots rate of culturing body was the lowest. On the basis of previous researches, the experiment optimized and established the best zucchini plant regeneration unfertilized room technology system, provided a reference for further study on zucchini.

  Test Guideline of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability for Eggplant Variety 黄志城 and 2016, 32 (31):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070086 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 524KB )   ( 495 ) Plant variety distinctness, uniformity and stability testing (DUS testing for short) is necessary for variety protection, examination and registration. The preparation of DUS test guideline for eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) will provide scientific basis for testing and substantive examination of varieties. Following the general principle of GB/T 19557.1 and using the UPOV TG/117/4 as reference, by field experiments with 243 eggplant varieties and several times revision, we have finished the DUS test guideline for eggplant (National Standard Draft). In the guideline, 42 testing characteristics and description method were confirmed; meanwhile, 20 example varieties were screened and the principle for distinctness, uniformity and stability of eggplant was defined. The guideline provided technical standard for variety description and distinctness, uniformity and stability of eggplant DUS testing in China. This paper gave detailed description of compilation principle and procedure for the test guideline, selection of characteristics and example varieties and assessment of DUS.

  Effect of Phosphorus Application Rate on Tomato Yield and Phosphorus Utilization and Soil Available Phosphorus 2016, 32 (31):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030075 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 573KB )   ( 450 ) Under the farming system with high investment and high production, we studied the effects of phosphorus application on tomato yield, in order to further found out the cultivation theory basis that could obtain the phosphate fertilizer optimal dosage. By randomized block design, the yield response of tomato to phosphate fertilizer was studied with cucumber-tomato rotation in a long-term experiment. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on soil phosphorus (Olsen-P), phosphorus utilization and fruit quality were also investigated under different rates of phosphate fertilizer. Results showed that application of phosphate fertilizer increased the yield, dry matter quantity, total P content, P cumulant content and soluble solid content of tomato fruit, first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of phosphate fertilizer rate. P fertilization increased the dry matter quantity, total P content and P cumulant content of tomato plant. The nitrate content of tomato fruit, P Apparent recovery efficiency of tomato plant was decreased gradually with the increase of phosphate fertilizer rate. When the P2O5 rate was above 225 mg/hm2, the Olsen-P in 0~20cm soil profile was increased gradually with the increase of phosphate fertilizer rate and planting season, and thus, increased the leaching risk. We put forward the corresponding phosphate fertilizer rate recommendations according to the study goals.

  Effects of Exogenous 6-BA and GA3 on Physiological Characteristics During Leaf Senescence and Yield of Melon 2016, 32 (31):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030048 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 496KB )   ( 466 ) The study aims to investigate action mechanism of plant hormone regulating melon senescence, and provide a theoretical basis for preventing premature senescence of melon. Early-maturing variety‘F35’and middle-late season variety‘F28’were used as the test materials, the effects of different concentrations of 6-BA and GA3 on physiological characteristics including chlorophyll, soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative antioxidant enzyme activity during leaf senescence and yield were determined. The results showed that suitable concentrations of both 6-BA and GA3 could improve the chlorophyll content and SOD activity, and decrease MDA content, delay leaf aging and increase the yield of melon, and the effect of 6-BA 60 mg/L and GA3 80 mg/L were significantly better than that of the other treatments. The sensitive degrees of different cultivars to exogenous hormones were different, in general, the degrees of early-maturing cultivars were higher than those of middle-late season cultivars.

  Sugar Accumulation and Enzymes Metabolic Characteristics of Two Kinds of Muskmelon with Different Sweetness 白立华,闫文芝,杜瑞霞,李浩然, and 刘艳 2016, 32 (31):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030151 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 2786KB )   ( 298 ) In order to study the enzymology metabolism in different sweetness melons, the content of sugar, starch and the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes were tested by taking Cucumis melo‘Hetao’and Cucumis melo‘Loulanwang’in growth stage as the materials. The results showed that: both of the two varieties presented a single sigmoid pattern of growth, the growth rate during fruit swelling of‘Loulanwang’was higher than that of‘Hetao’significantly. These two muskmelon varieties had a similar sugar accumulation trend during fruit development, the glucose accumulation was mainly in early stages, and the glucose accumulation in‘Hetao’was significantly higher than that in‘Loulanwang’. In veraison, the glucose content declined and sucrose content increased, the sucrose content of‘Hetao’was higher than that of‘Loulanwang’. The sucrosemetabolizing enzymes co- regulated sugar accumulation. After the veraison of‘Hetao’, the activity of the synthetic direction of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase rose, which could be the major reason for sucrose content increase, and the increased activity of sucrose phosphate synthase during the maturation stage was the main reason for sucrose content in the fruit of‘Loulanwang’.

  Leaf Pollution Tolerance Analysis of Main Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang 2016, 32 (31):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030117 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 348 ) In order to classify the leaf pollution tolerance of main fruit trees in south Xinjiang, use fruit tree leaves as materials, the authors respectively detect and compare the ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll content, pH value, leaf relative water content of different fruit trees under the natural polluting condition, adopted Singh formula to estimate the leaf dust pollution tolerance of main fruit trees in south Xinjiang. The results showed that leaf chlorophyll content of the samples ranged from 33.48 to 57.03 SPAD, while Qiufu had the highest chlorophyll content, the fig had the lowest value. The pH values ranged from 3.67 to 6.60, and leaves of most fruit trees were acidic; leaves of figs, cherry, Cydonia oblonga, white mulberry and jujube were close to neutral. The relative leaf water content ranged from 39.22% to 77.01%, and that of grape, Yili fragrant pear, Jujuli, apricot, small white apricot and fig was high, but Korla fragrant pear had the lowest leaf relative water content. Ascorbic acid content varied from 0.43 to 2.01 mg/g, walnut had the highest ascorbic acid content; plums, figs, hawthorn had the lowest ascorbic acid content. Applying Singh formula to calculate APTI value which depicted plant pollution tolerance and using clustering analysis could classify the leaf dust pollution tolerance of main fruit trees in south Xinjiang as best, good, ordinary, worse and worst.

  Improvement of Paraffin Section Methods and Structural Observation of Apple Anther 2016, 32 (31):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030059 Abstract + ( 1289 )   Paraffin section, the most common method in conventional sectioning, is often used to observe the cellular structure. This study used the apple anther as experimental material. In this study, the dehydration, dyeing and other slice making steps were modified. The extra gradients of ethanol concentration were added and the samples were stained with Ehrlich hematoxylin for 15 min. The dyeing of sample slices was more homogeneous and more complete cell structures were obtained. The results showed that, the modified paraffin section method was more suitable for the anther of apple.

  Aroma Composition Analysis of Two Wild Apple Germplasms 高婷婷,,,, and 2016, 32 (31):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030089 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 530KB )   ( 678 ) In order to provide theoretical reference for the utilization of wild apple germplasms, two wild apple germplasms (Malus xiaojinensis and M. sieversii) were used as plant materials, and the aromatic components in fruit were evaluated by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Results showed that M. xiaojinensis had higher total aromatic concentration than M. sieversii; 90 and 97 aromatic components were detected in M. xiaojinensis and M. sieversii, respectively, and 88 were common and 2-Hexenal had the highest level in both germplasms; Aldehydes and esters were the dominant aromas in M. xiaojinensis, and aldehydes, esters as well as alcohols in M. sieversii. Different levels of common aromatic components to the two apple germpalsms, and the unique aromatic components for one of them may result in the characteristic aroma of the apple germplasm.

  Different Color and Material Covering Measures: The Effect on Trunk Cambium Temperature and Alternately Freezing of Korla Fragrant Pear During Over-wintering Period 艾克来木.艾合买提,,,, and 2016, 32 (31):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030021 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 609KB )   ( 407 ) To explain the effect of different freezing injury prevention measures on Korla Fragrant pear trunk cambium temperature changes and alternately freezing during over-wintering period, adopting different color smearing and different material covering method, detect trunk cambium temperature changes using thermo-couple probe. Results showed that the different treatment with color smearing and covering has an obvious effect on trunk cambium changes and alternately freezing, after color smearing treatment, the order of the alternately freezing extent is scraping bark>black>CK>white; the alternately freezing extent sequence of different material covering treatment is CK>hemp rope>reflecting film>wool mat>rice straw; the diurnal cambium temperature changes of trunk covering treatment is obviously smaller than trunk different color treatment, the diurnal cambium temperature changes of whitening averagely 3-5℃higher than the diurnal cambium temperature changes of wool mat and rice straw covering treatment. Among the different freezing injury prevention measures whitening , wool mat and rice straw covering treatment has best efficiency.

  Floral Biological Characteristics of Castanea henryi 2016, 32 (31):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070002 Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 560KB )   ( 358 ) To understand the growth and development regularity of male and female flowers and the floral biological characteristics of Castanea henryi, flowering rhythm, phenological phase, different number of male and female flowers and growth rhythm of male inflorescence and bearing shoot were studied by using different Castanea henryi cultivars as materials. The female flowers appeared later than the male flowers, which began to bloom 18 to 26 days after male inflorescence and 1 to 5 days after male flowers. There were differences among different cultivars at flowering phenological phase, and the flowering phase of early maturing cultivar was 10 days earlier than that of late maturing cultivar. There were significant differences among different cultivars with the number of male and female flowers, and the ratio of female to male was from (1:518) to (1:653). The growth and development phase of bearing shoot of different cultivars were similar, but the length and diameter of them were obviously distinct, and the length and diameter of bearing shoot of‘YLZ 7’were significantly greater than that of‘superior plant 16’and‘superior plant 22’. Castanea henryi was male-first type plant, the male and female flowers bloom at different times. There were significant differences among different cultivars with flowering phenological phase and the number of male and female flowers. To ensure the growth and development of female flowers, and improve production and economic benefits of Castanea henryi, we should choose cultivars which have few male flowers, or take measures such as removing part of the male inflorescence at early stage, strengthening the management of water and fertilizer in the production.

  SRAP Analysis of Dendrobium Tissue Culture Seedlings Based on 60Coγ-ray Radiation 2016, 32 (31):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070066 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 599KB )   ( 290 ) To study the genetic variation degree of plant characters of Dendrobium tissue culture seedlings treated by radiation mutation, in this study, SRAP molecular markers technique was used to analyze Dendrobium sonia‘166’variety tissue culture seedlings treated by different doses of 60Coγ ray. The radiation mutagenesis effect was discussed, and the optimal irradiation dosage was determined. The results showed that 12 primers screened out from 100 pairs primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of Dendrobium treated with different doses of 60Coγ ray. The 216 bands were amplified, among them 41 bands were polymorphic with the ratio of 19.0%. The cluster analysis of the bands amplified in treated and controlled plants showed that D. sonia‘166’varieties tissue culture seedlings treated by different doses of 60Coγ ray mutated in different extent. The variation degree was maximum in 20 Gy treated plants, and was minimum in 5 Gy treated plants. Therefore 20 Gy was the best radiation dose of the 60Coγ-ray for variation induction.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Varieties of Cut flower Anthurium andraeanum in Different Seasons 2016, 32 (31):  90-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030050 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 1061KB )   ( 420 ) The study aims to clarify the photosynthetic characteristics of cut flower Anthurium andraeanum, and provide theoretical basis for its species introduction and cultivation. The experiment tested photosynthesis changes of three varieties of cut flower Anthurium andraeanum ‘( Anthaqxm’,‘Anthaqal’,‘Antharysia’) in plastic greenhouse by analyzing net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomata conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) using CIRAS-2 photosynthesis analyzer system in different seasons. The results showed that the Pn diurnal variation of the three varieties of cut flower Anthurium andraeanu showed a two-peak pattern under sunshine condition of spring, summer and winter. The peak changed according to seasons, was the highest in summer, followed by spring and the lowest in winter. There was an obviously midday depression phenomenon, which was non-stomatal limitation. Tr and Pn had the same trend. Ci was negatively correlated with Pn, increased first and then decreased, and then increased again. The water use efficiency(WUE) of daily variation of the three varieties of cut flower Anthurium andraeanu followed the same trend, increased first and then decreased, and then increased again, was the highest in winter, and the WUE of ‘Anthaqal’was the highest under the same season condition. The main factors which affected photosynthesis of cut flower Anthurium andraeanu were Pn, Gs and Ci. The above research results showed that photosynthetic capacity of cut flower Anthurium andraeanum had seasonal adaptability, photosynthetic capacity of the three varieties was higher in summer, and photosynthetic capacity of‘Anthaqal’was the highest.

  Effect of Spraying Choline Chloride on Oriental Lily‘Sorbonne’Bulbs Production 2016, 32 (31):  98-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030169 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 345 ) The growth change of plant shoot and plant underground part, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were studied using oriental hybrid lily‘Sorbonne’as experimental material under the different concentrations of spraying CC. The results showed that: (1) under the spraying solution of 250 mg/L, the index of plant shoot (the plant length, fresh weight of stem and leaf, the leaf length, the leaf width, the leaf thickness) and plant ground (fresh weight of bulbs and circumference) was the largest, the activity of SOD and POD was the highest, MDA content in leaves was the lowest; (2) under the spraying solution of 50-250 mg/L, MDA content decreased with the increase of the concentration of CC, the activity of SOD and POD increased with the increase of the concentration of CC; (3) under the spraying solution of 250-1000 mg/L, MDA content increased with the increase of the concentration of CC, the activity of SOD and POD decreased with the increase of the concentration of CC.

  Correlation and Path Analysis Between Main Agronomic Characters and Fresh Root Weight of Lepidium meyenii 2016, 32 (31):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030087 Abstract + ( 543 )   PDF ( 524KB )   ( 395 ) In order to reveal the relationship between Lepidium meyenii root weight and main agronomic characters, and provide references for high yield cultivation of Lepidium meyenii, field performance of the same strain in 11 regions was studied through the methods of correlation, regression balance and path coefficient analysis. The results showed that fresh root weight (y) and coverage area (x1), stem diameter (x2), enlargement coarse (x4) and broad leaves (x12) were highly and significantly correlated. The optimal regression equation was y=- 24.584 0.003x1- 10.313x2 18.011x4- 0.738x5- 0.957x6 0.964x7 1.192x10- 1.803x11 9.14x12. The enlargement root thickness, broad leaves, coverage area, root number and petiole length had positive path coefficients for the fresh root weight. Main root length, leaf length, stem diameter and enlargement root length had negative path coefficients for the fresh root weight. In the cultivation and management process, to realize the increase of root fresh weight, the cultivation should be focused on the enlargement root thickness of the underground part and the leaf width of the aboveground part.

  Direct Differentiation Regeneration Plants from Different Organs of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin: The Effect of Hormone Concentrations 2016, 32 (31):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030039 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 1614KB )   ( 358 ) In order to study the differentiation abilities of regeneration plants of different organs under different hormone concentrations, vitro leaves, petiole and root segment of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin were used as explants and MS as basic culture medium. The results showed that: the best hormone concentrations for bud induction of different organs of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin were different, (1) NAA 0.2 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L was most suitable for regeneration by bud induction of leaf and petiole, and the differentiation rate and the number of the average bud per explant were 36.44%, 38.83, 95.83%, 10.56, respectively; (2) NAA 1.0 mg/L 6- BA 0.1 mg/L was most suitable for regeneration by bud induction of root, the differentiation rate and the number of the average bud per explant were 95.25% and 21.49, respectively. The results lay a foundation for the establishment of a high frequency regeneration system and further variety improvement by using gene engineering technology.

  Influence of Organic Mulching on Soil Environment and Growth of Peristrophe japonica 2016, 32 (31):  115-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030093 Abstract + ( 566 )   PDF ( 873KB )   ( 355 ) To select the effective way for mulching and reutilize the gardening organic waste, Peristrophe japonica was mulched for 5 cm and 10 cm thick by one-year-old compost, fresh compost, wood chips and blocks. The results showed that organic mulched soil temperature at 20 cm depth was 1-4℃ higher than that of the control during September to November, and 2℃ higher during December to next February. However, mulched soil was 2℃ lower than the control after middle of March, and the difference became much smaller after late June. From late July, mulched soil was 0.5-1℃ higher than the control. Meanwhile, 30 cm deep soil moisture under mulching was 5% higher than the control (25%-30%) during November to next April. In terms of 60% sprouting of Peristrophe japonica, those mulched were 1 to 3 weeks ahead of the control, and the booming time was about 10 days ahead as well. The overall evaluation indicated that one-year-old compost was much better than the control. It was also confirmed by the measurements of height and spread of plants, fresh and dry weight of leaves, chlorophyll content of leaves etc. One-year-old compost was significantly better than the control and wood chips, it enhanced the growth and development of Peristrophe japonica, and was suitable for wide application.

  The Inhibition Mechanism of Alginate to Tobacco Mosaic Virus Chen Qianyi,Guo Yao and Shi Yongchun 2016, 32 (31):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070014 Abstract + ( 731 )   PDF ( 696KB )   ( 470 ) To understand the inhibition mechanism of alginate to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the in vitro inactivation and systemic resistance induction were investigated in tobacco treated with alginate. The results showed that, after spraying alginate, the lesion inhibition rate reached 66.67%, proliferation inhibition rate reached 34.67%, the expression level of N gene increased to 2.67 times of the control levels, POD activity increased to 3.46 times, SOD activity increased to 1.43 times of the control levels. Therefore, proliferation inhibition of alginate to TMV might be caused via the increase of disease-resistance and oxidation resistance abilities.

  Oviposition Rhythm of Sitophilus zeamais in 5 Kinds of Grains 2016, 32 (31):  128-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030187 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 465KB )   ( 346 ) In order to provide theoretical support for the comprehensive control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the oviposition rhythm of S. zeamais in waxy maize, coix seed, common corn, sorghum and wheat was studied by using the traditional biological method under the temperature of (27±1)℃. The results showed that the oviposition duration of S. zeamais in waxy maize, coix seed, common corn, sorghum and wheat was 137.14, 122.86, 85.71, 80.00 and 51.43 days, respectively. And a female adult could lay 45.65, 45.34, 21.34, 49.20 and 33.97 eggs in the above 5 kinds of grains, respectively. No obvious pre-oviposition period was found, the females could lay eggs on the same day of eclosion, but their oviposition rhythm showed differences in different kinds of grains. The oviposition peaks appeared in 10-20 days in sorghum and wheat, 20-30 days in common corn, 40-50 days in coix seed and 70-80 days in waxy maize after eclosion, respectively. In conclusion, the fertility and oviposition rhythm were affected by different kinds of grains.

  Biological Characteristics of Bipolaris maydis in Fujian Province 代玉立 and 2016, 32 (31):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030198 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 1040KB )   ( 816 ) To determine the biological characteristics of Bipolaria maydis in Fujian Province, three B. maydis isolates, collected from Jian’ou, Shaxian and Fuzhou areas, were selected as research objective. The effects of temperature, moisture, pH values, light and nutrition on the mycelial growth, sporulation quantity and conidia germination were studied. The results showed that the optimum temperature and pH value for mycelium growth were 30℃ and 6; the optimum temperature and pH value for spore production were 25℃ and 6-7; and the optimum temperature and pH value for conidia germination were 25-28℃ and 6. Light could significantly inhibit the sporulation. Under the condition of relative humidity of 85%, 95% or on water agar, the percentage of conidia germination reached 50% , 88% and 90% , respectively. Glucose, lactose, mannitol and soluble starch were suited for mycelial growth and sporulation. However, urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth, spore production and conidia germination. The lethal temperature for hypha was 65℃ for 10 min or 60℃ for 30 min, while the lethal temperature for the spores was 60℃ for 10 min or 55℃ for 30 min. Three isolates were obviously different in characteristics of sporulation, lethal temperature of hypha and the pathogenicity.

  HPLC Method for Chlorotoluron Determination in Corn and Soil 2016, 32 (31):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050070 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 371 ) To evaluate the medication safety of common herbicide chlortoluron, based on organic solvent solidliquid extraction method, through comparison of extraction recovery and oscillating time, the author set the extraction time as 2 hours and adopted chromatographic C18 separation and acetonitrile- water elution, to determine HPLC method for chlortoluron residue under 243 nm in corn plants, corn grain and soil. The method was proved to be an effective quantitative determination method of chlorotoluron in corn and soil, which was easily operated and of high recovery rate, with the minimum detectable quantity and minimum detectable concentration of chlortoluron to be 1.0×10- 3 ng and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively, and the recovery rate ranged from 90.4% to 108.8%.

  Investigation and Analysis of Application Status of Fertilizer and Pesticide in Vegetable Field of Xi ’an 2016, 32 (31):  143-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030143 Abstract + ( 700 )   PDF ( 440KB )   ( 549 ) The application status of fertilizer and pesticide of open field, greenhouse and solar greenhouse in eight agricultural counties of Xi’an (total 422 samples) was investigated. The results showed that the average application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were N 327.0 kg/hm2, P2O5 186.0 kg/hm2 and K2O 138.0 kg/hm2 respectively in open vegetable field, the dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was too much and the dosage of potassium fertilizer was suitable. The average application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were N 868.5 kg/hm2, P2O5 544.5 kg/hm2 and K2O 496.5 kg/hm2 respectively in greenhouse vegetable field, and that of solar greenhouse were N 883.5 kg/hm2, P2O5 684.0 kg/hm2 and K2O 724.5 kg/hm2 respectively, the chemical fertilizer application amount in greenhouse vegetable field was too much, especially the application amount of phosphate fertilizer. The application amount of chemical fertilizer should be controlled strictly according to soil testing and formulated fertilization in vegetable field, especially in greenhouse vegetable field, the application ration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be coordinated. The application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in open vegetable field increased with the increase of planting years, while the relationship was not significant in greenhouse and solar greenhouse; the dosage of vegetable field pesticide and open filed pesticide was suitable, but the dosage of pesticide in greenhouse vegetable field, especially solar greenhouse was too much. The dosage of pesticide showed an increasing trend with the increase of planting years. The increasing trend of pesticide application amount should be restrained by the scientific application of pesticide, thereby to solve the problem of agroecological environment pollution caused by abuse application of pesticide.

  Ecological Agriculture Regionalization of Tibetan Area in Sichuan Lin Zhengyu,Li Xiao and He Peng 2016, 32 (31):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020073 Abstract + ( 572 )   PDF ( 807KB )   ( 417 ) This paper took 32 counties (cities) of the Tibetan area in Sichuan Province as the samples, and constructed an index system of ecological agriculture regionalization, which consisted of 15 secondary indexes covering the 4 dimensions of agricultural resource environment, rural economy development, agricultural ecological pressure and infrastructure construction. The authors used the method of factorial analysis and cluster analysis, divided the Tibetan area in Sichuan into 3 types, including comprehensive development area of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in middle and upper reaches of high mountain and canyon areas of the Jinsha River and Yalong River (Ⅰ), comprehensive development area of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in upper reaches of high mountain and canyon areas of the Minjiang River and Dadu River (Ⅱ), and the original ecological animal husbandry development zone in the northwest plateau of Sichuan Province (Ⅲ), so as to properly use agricultural resources and provide theoretical support for the development and construction of ecological agriculture in Tibetan area of Sichuan Province.

  Effects of Application Amount of Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrition and Nutritional Quality of Watermelon 杨圆圆,,, and 陈志杰 2016, 32 (31):  154-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010023 Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 1004KB )   ( 519 ) In order to clarify the reasonable application amount of organic fertilizer on greenhouse watermelon and build ascientific fertilization system for greenhousesoil, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of application amount of commercial organic fertilizer on soil nutritionand nutritional quality of watermelon. Five treatments were set up, including commercial organic fertilizer of 12.5 t/hm2(CK), 29.2 t/hm2 (M1), 41.7 t/hm2 (M2) and 54.2 t/hm2 (M3), oil residue of 16 t/hm2(OD) as base fertilizer. The results showed that Vc and soluble sugar content of watermelon increased first and then decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer application amount. Vc content reached the highest in M1 treatment and soluble sugar content reached the highest in M2 treatment.Compared with CK, mineral nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer in expanding period and after harvest and in 20- 40 cm soil layer during the whole sampling period of OD treatment was significantly higher. The soil mineral nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer of M2 and M1 treatment increased by 32%-60%in comparing with that of CK treatment before transplanting. The available phosphorus content of M1 and OD treatment in 0-20 cm soil layer was in the suitable range of 60-90 mg/kg. Compared with CK, the application of commercial organic fertilizer and oil residue could significantly increase soil available potassium by 1.0 to 3.7 times in 0-20 cm soil layer before transplanting. Compared with that of other treatments, soil electrical conductivity of OD treatment reached the highest in 0- 40 cm soil layer. Therefore, commercial organic fertilizer application amount of 29.2-41.7 t/hm2could promote the quality of watermelon and reduce environment pollution.

  Olive in Wudu Mountain: Growth Meteorological Condition and Suitable Climate Division 2016, 32 (31):  161-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020080 Abstract + ( 4804 )   PDF ( 859KB )   ( 10275 ) The paper aims to illustrate the key growth stages of olive and the relationship between botanical characteristics and meteorological variables. In Wudu mountain, the botanical characteristics of olive and the meteorological observation data from 2012 to 2015 were collected. Based on the leading indicator of average temperature in January and several other factors such as annual average temperature, annual average relative humidity, and annual sunshine hours, an olive suitable climate division index system was built for Wudu mountain. The fine climate division map for olive cultivation suitability was made by applying GIS technology. The results indicated that: the most suitable olive planting areas were located in the valley plains, basins, and shallow mountainous areas below the elevation of 1300 m in the southern Wudu and Bailong river basin; suitable olive planting areas were located in the valley plains, basins, and shallow mountainous areas in the elevation of 1400- 1500 m; the other areas were unsuitable for olive growing which were mainly in the northwest Wudu and other places above the elevation of 1500 m. The results can guide scientific planning and rational arrangement for Wudu mountain and make the best of climate resources to develop olive industry, and also provide a scientific basis for prevention and mitigation of meteorological disasters.

  Level Indexes of Spring Frost Disasters to Corn in Central Gansu Province 2016, 32 (31):  167-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030045 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 447 ) The paper aims to clarify the quantitative relationship between frost intensity and frost damage degree of crops, taking spring frost damages to corn in central Gansu Province as research objects, and from the research points of hazard-formation factors and vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies, the level indexes of spring frost disasters to corn were established. The authors used negative anomaly of surface minimum temperature as the leading index, which could reflect the dynamic change of cold tolerance of crops in key growth stages, and could combine frost intensity and growth stage of crop; selected supplementary indexes as hourly negative accumulated surface temperature and surface minimum temperature, which could reflect that the frost intensity was the cumulative effect of intensity and duration of low temperature; at last, the authors referred to crop freezing rate, and constructed a complete index system. The indexes could be calculated easily and had obvious physics and phenology significance. Upon examination, the real agreement and the basic agreement rate of the indexes could reach 80%, indicating that the indexes could be applied to practice.

  Prediction Model of Regional Meteorological Level of Rice Leaf Roller in China 2016, 32 (31):  172-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020104 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 333 ) The paper aims to establish the level of regional meteorological prediction model of rice leaf roller in different plant areas of rice and in different rice growth stages. Based on the data of meteorology and monitoring on rice leaf roller during 2000?-2014 in 103 observation stations, using the principal component analysis and correlation analysis and stepwise regression method by SPSS, the occurrence and development level of meteorological prediction model and the migration level of meteorological prediction model were established in different plant areas of rice and in different rice growth stages.The results showed that, early rice in South China as an example, the key meteorological factors which affected the occurrence and development level of meteorological prediction model in transplanting to tillering stage were cumulative precipitation in the third ten days of March, average temperature in the first and third ten days of April, average temperature and the number days of highest temperature greater than 30℃. The key meteorological factors which affected the migration were average relative humidity of April, average temperature and average relative humidity in the third ten days of March, average hours of sunshine in the first ten days of April. The validation results by the meteorological dates of 2000-2012 return test showed that the forecasting accuracy of the occurrence and development level of meteorological prediction model was above 80% in transplanting to tillering stage and heading to flowering stage in different plant areas of rice; meanwhile the forecasting accuracy of the migration level of meteorological prediction model was above 85%. The meteorological dates of 2013-2014 were used to forecast which showed that the forecasting accuracy of the occurrence and development level of meteorological prediction model was still above 80%. Yet the forecasting accuracy of the migration level of meteorological prediction model was above 78%.The forecasting accuracy was general declined with less number of samples of prediction stations, especially in single season rice in Southwest. The rice prediction models could be put into the operational application in different plant areas of rice in China.

  Heat Damage: the Effect to Rice in Heading and Flowering Period in Nanchong Nearly 34 Years 2016, 32 (31):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030141 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 596KB )   ( 342 ) The paper aims to explore the effect to Rice in heading and flowering period and the temporal distribution characteristics of Nanchong in the past 34 years, the author uses the ground observation data and the rice growth stage observation data from 1981 to 2014 of the seven national weather stations of Nanchong to research and analyse. The results showed that: the rice heading and flowering around Nanchong mainly in mid-July to early August; in nearly 34 years, the lightest heat damage to rice in heading and flowering period was found in YiLong, but the heaviest heat damage to rice in heading and flowering period was found in three municipality district, the second were YingShan and PengAn, again were XiChong and NanBu, finally was LangZhong; although, most of time, minor heat damage to rice in heading and flowering was found in the past 34 years, followed by moderate and severe finally; in nearly 34 years, the heat damage to rice in heading and flowering period have obvious increase trend, especially should strengthen the monitoring of the heat damage to rice in heading and flowering period in the three municipality district.

  Climatic Regionalization of Rice Planting: Pingqiao, Xinyang 2016, 32 (31):  184-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030158 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 661KB )   ( 526 ) Climatic regionalization of rice planting in Pingqiao, Xinyang can provide theoretical basis for reasonable exploitation and utilization of climate resources with the feasibility of climatic resources being demonstrated; it can also provide decision- making basis for adjusting agricultural planting structure for governments at all levels and for disaster prevention and mitigation. The authors followed the principle of combining dominant factors with accessory factors, used GIS technology, the fuzzy mathematics and expert scoring method, to construct fuzzy membership function, and then according to the division index to do climatic regionalization of rice planting in Pingqiao, divided the region into suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable areas. The results showed that most Pingqiao was suitable for rice planting.

  Ensemble Forecast Product: Application in Medium and Long-term Weather Forecast 2016, 32 (31):  188-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030157 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 874KB )   ( 450 ) The paper aims to study the application of ensemble forecast in medium and long-term weather forecast, improve the application level of ensemble forecast and provide available experiences in the future in weather forecast business. The basic principles and concepts of ensemble forecast were introduced by taking ensemble forecast product as an example, the definitions, advantages and disadvantages of part of the ensemble forecast products also were discussed in this paper. On this basis, the authors analyzed the medium and long-term weather forecast case started at 20:00 of 17, March, 2016 to explore the application of ensemble forecast in the medium and long-term weather forecast.

  Mountain Torrent Disaster in Tibet: Early Warning and Mitigation Countermeasures 2016, 32 (31):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040124 Abstract + ( 634 )   PDF ( 1451KB )   ( 304 ) The paper aims to understand the occurrence characteristics of mountain torrent in Tibet. The authors introduce the characteristics of geography, climate, geology and hydrology of Tibet, and analyze the causes and characteristics of mountain torrent. Based on this, some key research problems in rainstorm induced mountain torrent in Tibet are pointed out. Finally, aiming at the characteristics of mountain torrent, the authors put forward some disaster mitigation countermeasures, which are: raising people’s awareness of disaster alleviation; improving the general survey and risk assessment of mountain torrent; improving the monitoring and warning forecast ability of mountain torrent; improving the ecological environment and strengthening the project management measures to provide references for the prevention and decision-making of mountain torrent and its derivative geological disasters.

  Development of Cotton Production in Shanxi Province in the Period of the Republic of China: A Brief Discussion 2016, 32 (31):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070006 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 506KB )   ( 555 ) To take an overall grasp of the characteristics of Shanxi agriculture and to analyze the agronomical disciplines to better guide the practice of Shanxi agriculture, Shanxi cotton production during the Period of the Republic of China will be displayed through retrieving, examining and clarifying relevant substantial source material. Despite the turbulent political situation and incessant natural disasters during the Period of the Republic of China, cotton production in Shanxi Province still took a fair step forward in general. In particular, three factors contributing to the improvement of cotton production will be highlighted: 1. the influence of the fluctuation of market supply and demand; 2. the government’s appeal to agricultural technical progress; 3. the significance attached to the cultivar introduction and modification. Yet those factors, namely government support, scientific innovation and an effective link with market, are no less applicable to inspiring current approaches to boost agricultural development: