Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.28 Published:05 October 2020

  Classification and Exploitation of the Triticeae Plants Gao Wei, Liu Shujuan, Guo Huijuan, Zhang Shuwei, Chang Lifang, Yan Jinlong, Li Xin 2020, 36 (28):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200972 Abstract + ( 793 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF ( 1118KB )   ( 161 ) Triticeae plant is the most critical group of grasses, including wheat, the main human food crop, and many other plant species with excellent agronomic traits such as barley and rye. To carry out a comprehensive systematic study and establish a reasonable classification system of Triticeae can form a theoretical basis for other research work. This paper systematically introduced the brief history, current situation and progress of Triticeae classification at home and abroad, analyzed the exploitation of Triticeae germplasm resources, and proposed further rational utilization and protection of wild related species of Triticeae, the exploration of disease-resistant and stress-resistant genes, the creation of new wheat varieties and the improvement of forages, so as to maximize the use of cereal and pasture characteristics of Triticeae species.

  Genetic Ability of Drought Resistance Indexes of Spring Wheat at Germination Stage Under PEG Stress Wang Jingdong, Ma Sishuang, Bai Haibo, Hui Jian 2020, 36 (28):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900597 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 52 ) To explore the effect of drought stress on the growth of spring wheat at germination stage, the drought resistance indexes were screened. Forty drought-resistant spring wheat strains with two grain colors (red and white) were studied from irrigated and rain-fed area of Ningxia. The effects of PEG-6000 simulating drought stress on radicle length, radicle number, coleoptile length and leaf length were studied. The drought resistance indexes of spring wheat were screened by broad-sense heritability analysis at germination stage. The broad-sense heritability of radicle length was the highest, greater than 0.55, and the control degree of heritability was stable. The heredity of radicle length of red seed in rain-fed area reached 0.95. The broad-sense heritability of coleoptile length of red seed in rain-fed area was the highest, up to 0.94, but its heritability control degree was not stable, and the lowest heritability was only 0.06. The broad-sense heritability of radicle number and leaf length was low and the degree of control was unstable. The broad-sense heritability of radicle length at germination stage of spring wheat was the highest and the control degree was stable. Secondly, it was the coleoptile length, but its control degree of heritability was not stable. Therefore, the length of radicle during germination of spring wheat seeds can be used as drought resistance index to identify drought resistance materials, and the length of coleoptile sheath can be used as the reference.

  Effects of High Density on Agronomic Traits, Yield Components and Tolerance of Different High Density Maize Genotypes Hong Defeng, Wei Xiaoyi, Ma Junfeng, Ma Yi, Wei Feng, Wang Jiamu, Zhang Tongqing, Cheng Dongxiang, Tang Zhenhai, Guo Quangen, Wang Qingchang, Peng Dong 2020, 36 (28):  13-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100827 Abstract + ( 279 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 114 ) To study the effects of planting density on the agronomic traits, yield and density tolerance of different summer maize varieties, agronomic traits, yield components and density tolerance coefficients of 14 different genotypes of summer maize were studied under high density (75000 plants/hm2 and 90000 plants/hm2). The results showed that increasing planting density of the 14 different genotypes of summer maize had no effect on the growth period, but the difference of plant height, ear height, stem diameter, internode length, stem diameter coefficient, aboveground dry matter and other agronomic traits reached significant or extremely significant level. There was no significant difference of the ear height coefficient and economic coefficient of the varieties. Among them, the average plant height increased by 1.23 cm, the average ear height increased by 1.92 cm, the length of the 3rd internode decreased by 0.42 cm. Except ‘NK718’and ‘Nongda 372’, the weight of aboveground dry matter of other varieties decreased by 4.72%-23.99%, and the economic coefficient increased by 4.71%. The yield and ear traits of 75000 plants/hm 2were significantly different from those of 90000 plants/hm2. Under the density of 90000 plants/hm2, the yield increased by 2.39%, the kernels per ear decreased by 5.68%, and the weight of 100-kernel decreased by 1.17%. In comparison, the variety of ‘Zeyu 8911’, ‘Xindan 61’ and ‘Yudan 9953’ have higher densification coefficient, which are suitable for high-density planting.

  Upland Cotton Varieties Under Ecological Condition in Xinjiang: Core Indicators Selection Based on Principal Component Analysis Peng Yan, Huang Shunli, Peng Xiaofeng, Liu Suhua, Cai Zhiping, Li Kefu, Liu Xiaohong, Shao Qinglong, Wu Yurong, Wang Fan, Song Wei, Zhang Xuan, Gong Juwu, Yuan Youlu 2020, 36 (28):  22-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800530 Abstract + ( 372 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 66 ) To better serve the cotton production in Xinjiang, reveal the characteristics of 32 cotton varieties under different treatment conditions, and provide a scientific basis for the objective evaluation of high-quality cotton varieties, we investigated 16 phenotypic traits of each variety by adopting 2 treatments of non-chemical control and chemical control, and analyzed and collated the data by using DPS 7.05 software. The results showed that: there were significant differences among the traits of different cotton varieties, the difference analysis indicated that the difference of plant height, fruiting nodes per plant, the length and boll numbers of the third from top fruiting branches, boll weight, and upper half fiber length under the two treatments reached a very significant level; PCA analysis revealed that the first 5 PCA represented 72.36% information with non-chemical control and the first 6 PCA represented 76.91% information with chemical control. In conclusion, the varieties with better traits with chemical control are ‘Xinluzhong66’, ‘K836’, ‘A03’, ‘917’, ‘Hanmian 646’ and ‘C9’, and the varieties with better traits with non-chemical control are ‘Xinluzhong 61’, ‘Zhongmian97’, ‘Hanmian646’, ‘Hanmian 577’, ‘Xinnongxing2’ and ‘K836’. PCA as the criteria to evaluate and select elite cotton varieties could avoid repetitive selections caused by interactions among different traits, which is more scientific, accurate and comprehensive compared with the traditional evaluation method, therefore, the evaluation, selection and renewal of cotton varieties in Xinjiang should be based on the chemical control.

  Effects of Mulching Methods on the Yield and Quality of ‘Cuibi No.1’ Seedlings Guo Jinping, Lin Shuiliang, Chen Dehan, Xu Xiaowu, Xu Zhiqiang 2020, 36 (28):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000707 Abstract + ( 359 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 62 ) The paper aims to select the mulching methods for seedling transplanting of ‘Cuibi No.1’. A field experiment was used to study the effects of different mulching methods on the quality of ‘Cuibi No.1’ seedling transplanting in Sanming tobacco area of Fujian. The results showed that the combination of on-film cultivation (first covered with plastic film and then transplanted) with 55 days of seedling control could promote the early growth and the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, and improve the economic traits of tobacco leaves (the production value of 58442.1 yuan/hm 2, and proportion of superior tobacco reaching 63.01%), the chemical components of tobacco were coordinated and the sensory quality evaluation was the best. This technology is worthy of popularization and application in tobacco production.

  Agronomic Traits of Male Sterile Lines and Cross Combinations of Dried Processing Type Radish Tao Jing, Wang Qian, Yuan Yi, Zhong Qiuyue, Li Shikai 2020, 36 (28):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0037 Abstract + ( 292 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 45 ) The paper aims to screen high yield and quality sterile lines and combinations of dried processing white radish. In the study, the top crossing method was used to hybridize 10 sterile lines and an elite inbred line. General combining ability analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were carried out on 8 agronomic traits of 10 test combinations, including plant height, plant width, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root thickness, single root weight and hollowness. The results showed that the traits of root length and single root weight of ‘237A’, ‘237B’ and ‘231A’ sterile lines were excellent, which had the application potential of preparing dry processed radish. Plant height, root length and single root weight were positively correlated with hollowness, and the direct diameter coefficient of root length and single root weight was 1.029, and the plant height had a negative effect on single root weight, and the direct diameter coefficient P=-0.1937. However, the plant height achieved a significant positive effect through the indirect effects of root length, leaf length and plant width (0.9959). In summary, combined with the results of principal component analysis, ‘231A’בQingshou’, ‘237B’בQingshou’ and ‘19072’בQingshou’ are determined to be high quality combination of processing type white radish, which could be used for production test. At the same time, it is suggested that the root length, plant height, leaf length, plant width and bran core should be considered as the main agronomic characters for breeding high yield and high quality of processed radish.

  Establishment of Universal Allium cepa Callus Induction Yang Haifeng, Hui Linchong, Chen Wei, Li Weiya, He Linyu, Wang Jiangying, Chen Zhentai, Miao Meihua, Pan Meihong, Liu Bingjiang 2020, 36 (28):  43-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000780 Abstract + ( 474 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2269KB )   ( 109 ) The paper aims to study the establishment of onion callus induction system. Callus induction was carried out from onion seedlings, bulbs and young inflorescence, and the callus was subcultured and germinated. The results showed that callus was not induced in 12 accessions of onion seed material, only 12 accessions of the bulbs of onion balls had callus induction by ‘Zaochunhuang3 (sterile line)’; 22 accessions of onion inflorescence had callus induction in dark condition, and the induction rate was 100%. The results showed that there was distinct difference in callus induction from diverse tissues of onion. The induction rate of onion young inflorescence medium was 100%, indicating that it was the best tissue for callus induction of onion. Callus subculture of dissimilar materials showed that ‘Zaochunhuang3 (sterile line)’ and ‘Big Golden Globe’ had the fastest growth of callus; subculture with liquid medium could quickly and efficiently expand the callus. The callus was satisfied to emerge from the medium with 27 gradient combinations. Under light condition, green tissues were formed first, and roots were induced in all the medium, while no seedlings were induced. Paraffin sections showed no difference in explant-induced callus and subculture callus, and root formation was observed after regeneration medium induction, indicating that the medium of separate ingredients could induce onion callus, and the internal hormones promoting rooting increased, leading to the induction of roots. Therefore, the study on the induction and formation of general-purpose onion callus lays a material foundation for the induced emergence and rooting of onion of distinct genotypes, and promotes the application of onion gene editing.

  Effects of Basal Application of Selenium-enriched Fertilizer on Growth and Nutrient Elements’ Content of Chinese Flowering Cabbage Guo Juxian, Luo Wenlong, Fu Mei, Li Guihua 2020, 36 (28):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0022 Abstract + ( 246 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 54 ) The aim is to assess the effect of exogenous Se fertilizer on yield and nutritional status of Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis). In this study, “Nongke” selenium enriched fertilizer was used as the material, and five different doses (0, 225.0, 337.5, 450.0, 562.5 kg/hm2) were supplied via basal fertilization. The results showed that the selenium enriched fertilizer addition did not markedly improve the plant growth parameters at all test concentrations. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT and the contents of fructose increased significantly in a dose dependent manner in “Nongke” treated plants compared to that of non-treated, however, the contents of MDA, glucose and sucrose showed a decreasing trend with the increase of fertilizer amount. The up-take of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by Chinese flowering cabbage plants were promoted by basal application of lower concentrations of selenium enriched fertilizer, but was inhibited by higher fertilizer amount. With the increase of the amount of selenium fertilizer, the selenium content increased significantly in the flower stalk of Chinese flowering cabbage, reaching 0.059, 0.096, 0.107, 0.133 mg/kg, respectively, 19.66-44.33 times of that of the control plant.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics and Light Response Model Fitting of Wolfberry He Xinru, Wang Qinping, Qin Ken, Dai Guoli, Zhou Jun, Zhao Ruiqiu 2020, 36 (28):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900678 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 53 ) The paper aims to understand the photosynthetic characteristics of wolfberry, explore the applicability of different light response models to wolfberry photosynthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding new varieties. The paper used ‘14-Z44’, ‘14-2-3-20’ and ‘Ningqi 1’ as the materials, compared the leaf morphology physiology and photosynthetic characteristics, fitted the photosynthetic light response curve with different light response models of the three varieties. The leaf morphology and biomass were significantly different between ‘14-2-3-20’ and ‘Ningqi 1’, and there was no difference in leaf thickness and specific leaf weight. Compared with the measured values, the photosynthetic rates of the measurement points fitted by the rectangular hyperbola model and the non-rectangular hyperbola model were the closest to the measured values, but the photosynthetic parameters were significantly different with the measured values. The light response curve and photosynthetic parameters fitted by the modified rectangular hyperbola model were close to the measured values, and there was light inhibition. Compared with ‘Ningqi 1’, the photosynthetic parameters of ‘14-2-3-20’ and ‘14-z44’ were lower in LCP, LSP, Rd and higher in α, the Pnmax of ‘14-2-3-20’ was the highest. The comprehensive analysis shows that the modified rectangular hyperbola model is more suitable for fitting the wolfberry light response curve. ‘14-2-3-20’ has strong ability to use low light, high photosynthetic capacity under strong light, is not easy to be light suppressed, and has potential value in breeding high-yield varieties

  Phenotypic Characters of Leaf Color of Main Varieties of Heuchera micrantha Song Jie, Zheng Tianrui, Lu Lin, Xie Weijia, Li Shifeng, Peng Lvchun, Cai Yanfei, Li Shufa 2020, 36 (28):  63-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900669 Abstract + ( 438 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1979KB )   ( 196 ) In view of the fact that the traditional visual classification method can not scientifically define the leaf color of Heuchera micrantha cultivars, it is necessary to establish a more scientific classification system of H. micrantha cultivars based on leaf color phenotype. In this study, the leaf color of 432 samples of 72 H. micrantha cultivars was determined by color difference instrument. Cluster analysis was carried out on the obtained L, a and b color values. 72 H. micrantha cultivars were divided into five color systems: brown, dark green, yellow, grey green and light green. The correlation analysis of L, a and b values of different color systems of H. micrantha showed that the positive L value of leaves was negatively correlated with a value, so was a value with b value, while the positive L value and b value were positively correlated, but the correlation was not obvious; the reverse L value of leave was negatively correlated with a value, so was a value with b value, and the L value was positively correlated with b value. From the results of multiple comparisons, it could be seen that the chromaticity values of L, a and b of H. micrantha varieties were significantly different between the color-lines, especially the color differences on the frontal side of the leaves between the color-lines. In the future, the color on the frontal side of the leaves should be used as the main reference in breeding H. micrantha varieties.

  Effects of High Temperature Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Two Species of Paphiopedilum Chen Xiuping, He Manmei, Wang Wei, Li Xuwen, Zheng Yongxiao, Zhang Jifang, Dai Seping 2020, 36 (28):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100796 Abstract + ( 395 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 47 ) The aim was to screen out and evaluate heat resistance indexes of Paphiopedilum. Taking the Paphiopedilum ‘Maudiae’ and the P. pacific ‘Shamrock’ introduced in Guangzhou as the materials, the two species were put into recovery at 25, 32, and 38 degrees for 5, 10, and 15 days. The changes of physiological indexes such as relative leaf greenness (SPAD), catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, malondiadehyde (MDA), soluble protein content, soluble sugar, and proline were measured. The heat tolerance of Paphiopedilum sp. under high temperature stress was studied. Through the comprehensive analysis with apparent observation and membership function method, the results showed that under the same cultivation condition, the heat resistance of P. pacific ‘Shamrock’ was higher than that of P. ‘Maudiae’. According to the main component analysis of the heat-tolerance coefficients of 7 individual physiological indexes, the cumulative contribution rate of SPAD, CAT and POD relative conductivity reached 66.92%. This result could provide a theoretical basis for ex situ introduction and application of the two species in landscaping.

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Nitrogen Metabolism Physiology of Euonymus kiautschovicus Xu Jinxian 2020, 36 (28):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000710 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 39 ) The paper aims to study the effect of nitrogen on Euonymus kiautschovicus nitrogen metabolism physiology, clarify the change mechanism of related enzymes activity after nitrogen fertilizer application, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific nitrogen fertilizer application in seedling raising. The test was conducted under field condition, 4 treatments were set with the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of 0 g/plant(J1, CK), 9 g/plant(J2), 18 g/plant(J3), and 27 g/plant(J4), repeating 3 times. The results showed that: the GOT activity of J3 was higher than that of J1 by 64.84%, 70.77%, 58.52%, 47.33%, 57.20% respectively from May to September, there was no significant difference between J4 and J3; the GPT activity of J3 was higher than that of J2 by 18.00%, 30.79%, 16.47%, 16.83% respectively from June to September with significant difference; GS activity of J3 was significantly higher than that of J2 from July and September, but there was no significant difference between J2, J3 and J4 in May and June, and GS activity of J2 was significantly higher than that of the control; NR activity of J3 was higher than that of J2 by 20.47%, 31.66%, 27.32%, 23.50%, 34.90% respectively from May to September with significant difference, while there was no significant difference between J3 and J4. The content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 73.76%, 53.90%, 85.95% respectively from May to July compared with that of control and the difference was significant, while there was no significant difference between J2, J3 and J4 from August to September; the soluble protein content of J3 was higher than that of J2 by 15.90%, 20.09%, 9.04% respectively from June to August and the difference was significant. According to the comprehensive analysis, J3 treatment could significantly increase the activity of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes, nitrate nitrogen content and soluble protein content in leaves of Euonymus kiautschovicus, and the effect was better than J2 and J4 treatment.

  Photosynthesis and Transpiration Characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema Under Different Shading Treatments Tong Long, Zhang Lei, Chen Lijie, Gao Yongjun, Geng Yanghui, Li Bin 2020, 36 (28):  84-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000697 Abstract + ( 479 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 44 ) Potted seedling of Polygonatum cyrtonema was used as experiment material, and four treatments were designed, i. e. full illumination (CK), light transmittance 83%+5% (T1), light transmittance 61%+5% (T2) and light transmittance 38%+5% (T3). We measured the photosynthesis and transpiration physiological indices of the P. cyrtonema and the major environmental factors, then compared the differences in photosynthesis and transpiration rates of P. cyrtonema as well as their relationship with environmental factors. The results showed that: (1) the diurnal variation of the net photosynthetic rate of P. cyrtonema under four shading treatments showed a single-peak curve, and no ‘midday photosynthetic break’ was observed, and the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of P. cyrtonema under different shading treatments was T1> T2> T3> CK; (2) the diurnal variation of transpiration rate of P. cyrtonema under CK, T1 and T2 treatments was a bimodal curve, while that under T3 treatment was a single-peak curve; (3) the decrease of net photosynthetic rate of P. cyrtonema in the four treatments from 10:00 to 14:00 was caused by stomatal factors, while that from 14:00 to 16:00 was caused by non-stomatal factors; (4) with the increase of shading intensity, the correlation between transpiration rate and environmental factors was changed, and the greater the shading intensity, the stronger the correlation between transpiration rate and photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR). Our results indicate that increasing the black shading nets in a certain range could improve the photosynthetic and transpiration capacity of P. cyrtonema, and improve the growth of P. cyrtonema, and the effect of one layer of black shading nets and two layers of black shading nets is relatively good.

  Investigation and Analysis of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cangnan of Zhejiang Yu Faming, Wang Chuncai, Wang Meixing, Li Zhimiao, Liu Dongfeng, Song Yang, Ma Jianqiang, Su Jiazhuan, Zhang Ying 2020, 36 (28):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900691 Abstract + ( 286 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1543KB )   ( 78 ) A systematic and comprehensive investigation for better conservation, evaluation and utilization of crop germplasm resources in Cangnan was conducted from August 2017 to December 2018. The species, distribution, botanical and agricultural traits of germplasm resources were preliminary identified and analyzed. A total of 85 unique germplasms of 39 species from 36 genera in 21 families were collected, consisting of 41 food crops, 26 vegetables, 7 economic plants, and 11 fruits. Of these, 76 and 9 were landraces and wild germplasms, respectively. The conservation and exploitation of local germplasms were subsequently discussed based on current status. The establishment of local germplasm repositories and the commercial utilization were suggested for the preservation of landraces. Meanwhile, for important landraces and wild germplasm, in situ conservation and characterization should be made to maintain the excellent genetic resources for sustainable utilization. The results could provide a basic understanding of germplasm resources in Cangnan, and a basis for further research on germplasm diversity, innovation and application.

  The Development Process and Prospect of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control in China He Yu, Liang Xiaoxi, Pan Runxi, Wei Feng, Lu Qiu, Hong Xin, Chen Bei 2020, 36 (28):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300291 Abstract + ( 372 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 81 ) The three stages of the soil pollution prevention and control process in China from 2005 to 2019 were took as the main line in this review, and the important changes of five aspects, including the management model, governance system, management and control requirements, institutional reform, and legislative support, were summarized during the development of soil pollution prevention and control. The national and local soil environmental protection standards, laws, regulations and policies, and the effectiveness of major soil pollution control were analyzed. The suggestions were made from improving soil environmental standards and management systems, establishing big data platform for monitoring and early warning, enhancing international cooperation on soil ecology and environment, and promoting soil remediation technology research and experience extension in pioneer areas according to the future development trend of soil pollution prevention and control in China, to provide references for high-level protection of ecological environment and high-quality economic and social development.

  Effects of Continuous Application of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Quality Dong Wen, Zhang Qing, Luo Tao, Wang Huangping 2020, 36 (28):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900660 Abstract + ( 440 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1032KB )   ( 106 ) To study the effects of long-term application of different organic fertilizers on soil quality, the effects of continuous application of different organic fertilizers on farmland soil physical and chemical properties, soil microorganisms and soil heavy metals, as well as the mechanism of action were reviewed, and the countermeasures for rational utilization of organic fertilizers were put forward. The results showed that continuous application of organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer regulation ability, increase soil nutrient availability, balance soil nutrient, promote soil acid-base buffer performance, and optimize the structure and function of soil microbial community. However, long-term application of organic fertilizers could increase the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants, especially livestock and sludge organic fertilizers. Most of the research at home and abroad has long focused on the combined application of manure and sludge with chemical fertilizers which might influence the content of heavy metals in soil and crops, but there is still insufficient research on livestock and poultry waste application years, and the evolution characteristics and the mechanism of soil heavy metals under long-term organic fertilizer application, which could be the future study direction.

  Breeding Traits and Yield Factors of Soybean: Response to Soil with Different Drought Grades Yin Shiping, Zhu Haixia, Zhao Huiying, Sun Anhui, Gong Lijuan, Li Baichao, Li Xiufen, Jiang Lixia 2020, 36 (28):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000726 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1306KB )   ( 60 ) Drought is one of the main agrometeorological disasters in Heilongjiang. To clarify the response mechanism of soybean to drought, we studied the breeding characteristics of soybean under different drought stress at sowing and seedling stage and flowering and podding stage by using the water control experiment in field. The results show that: seeds emerge slowly at sowing and seedling stage under drought stress, and the factors such as plant height, dry matter of aerial part, dry matter of root, pods number per plant and grain weight per plant are obviously low, and the sterility rate is relatively high, and the sterility rate under the extreme drought is up to 99% higher than that under no drought; soybean plants at flowering and podding stage under moderate drought stress and above have lower photosynthesis volume, shorter plant height and higher sterility rate, and the sterility rate under the extreme drought and severe drought is more than 81% higher than that under no drought; the flowering and podding stage of soybean is sensitive to moisture, the mild drought could cause poor production. In conclusion, soybean under drought stress at seedling stage could have low yield, which mainly results from low germination rate and short growth period, and the following cause is low grain weight per plant and high sterility rate; at flowering and podding stage, the low yield under drought stress is caused by less photosynthetic amount, reduced pods number and grain weight per plant, and high sterility rate.

  Research on Yellow Soil Properties with Uncaria rhynchophylla-plant in Guizhou Lin Shaoxia, Zeng Xianping, Lin Changhu, Xiao Zhiqiang 2020, 36 (28):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900599 Abstract + ( 248 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 53 ) To study the effects of Uncaria rhynchophylla grow on soil properties in acidic soil of Guizhou, 30 soil samples were collected, including the U. rhynchophylla planting base land, surrounding forest land and wild grassland at Jianhe County, Guizhou, then 16 indexes including soil physical properties, nutrient content and enzyme activity were analyzed, and the differences between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were compared. The results showed that compared with forestland and grassland soil in the same area, the soil microenvironment of U. rhynchophylla-planting base was different, with lower pH and bulk density, and increased total porosity and capillary porosity of soil water and solid fertilizer capacity. The soil structure was improved, which was more conducive to plant growth, soil nutrient got full and effective use, and the enzyme activity was inhibited. Therefore, under the condition of mountainous geologic environment in Guizhou, U. rhynchophylla planted in yellow soil could get coordinated benefit between land use economic and eco-environment.

  Co-toxicity and Field Control Efficacy of Mixtures of Pyrisoxazole and Fluazinam to Blast Fungus Magnaporthe grisea in Rice Chen Hongzhou, Zhang Jianhua, Yang Hongfu, Zhou Huafei, Miao Kang, Shu Zhaolin, Yao Kebing 2020, 36 (28):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100798 Abstract + ( 309 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 48 ) To explore a new reagent for controlling rice blast, the co-toxicity and field control efficacy of mixtures of pyrisoxazole and fluazinam on Magnaporthe grisea in rice were measured. The indoor toxicity of pyrisoxazole, fluazinam and their seven mixtures on M. grisea in rice was detected by using mycelium growth rate method, and the field control tests of the optimum formulation to rice panicle blast was conducted. The results of indoor toxicity tests showed that the EC50 values of pyrisoxazole, fluazinam and their seven mixtures at the ratio of 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 on M. grisea were 1.4417, 0.5445, 0.2313, 0.2693, 0.1695, 0.4151, 0.2796, 0.3395 and 0.3428 μg/mL, respectively, and the synergistic coefficients were 4.69, 3.79, 5.49, 1.90, 2.46, 1.90, and 1.81, respectively. The mixture at the ratio of 2:1 had the highest synergism. The results of the field control efficacy showed that the control efficacy was in the following order: 30% pyrisoxazole·fluazinam SC 600 mL/hm 2> 30% pyrisoxazole·fluazinam SC 450 mL/hm2> 30% pyrisoxazole SC 450 mL/hm2> 75% tricyclazole WP 300 g/hm2> 30% pyrisoxazole·fluazinam SC 300 mL/hm2> 40% isoprothiolane EC 1200 mL/hm2> 30% fluazinam SC 450 mL/hm2, and their field control efficacy were 88.39%, 83.40%, 80.22%, 72.91%, 71.28%, 65.09%, and 60.79%, respectively, and all treatments were safe for rice growth. 30% pyrisoxazole·fluazinam SC 600 mL/hm2has excellent control efficacy on rice blast and is safe for rice growth, which can be developed as a rice blast control agent.

  Screening of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt and Evaluation of the Field Control Effect Zhang Jiemei, Zhang Renjun, Yao Zhengping, Wu Jinhu, Wang Liang, Hou Zhengxue, Yang Zhuang, Yin Honghui, Chen Suiyun 2020, 36 (28):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0027 Abstract + ( 426 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 114 ) To screen out the biocontrol bacteria that can effectively control tobacco bacterial wilt, a strain 69-1 with obvious antagonism was isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere soil by dilution coating method, and the strain was identified as Streptomyces spectabilis and used for field control experiments of tobacco bacterial wilt. The results showed that compared with the control, the stem circumference, effective leaf number, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf length, single leaf dry weight, maximum leaf area, and yield of tobacco leaves treated with strain 69-1 increased significantly. The relative control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt reached 60.42%. At the same time, the chemical composition of the flue-cured tobacco leaves of different treatment groups was analyzed and found that the tobacco quality under strain 69-1 treatment was better than that of control. The bacterial agent treatment of the strain can not only enhance the control effect of tobacco plants against tobacco bacterial wilt, but also improve the quality and yield of tobacco leaves, and the study can provide a certain reference for the biological control of tobacco bacterial wilt.

  The Relationship Between Mineral Element Contents and Bitter Pit Occurrence in ‘Fuji’ Apple Fruits Gong Junhao, Chen Jianwen, Che Qinqin, Qiu Lina, Wang Yongzhang 2020, 36 (28):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300256 Abstract + ( 310 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 50 ) The content and ratio of mineral elements, including Ca, K, Mg and P in fruit flesh, peel and apoplast of the normal and bitter pit fruit, were studied with the aim to explore the mechanism of bitter pit occurrence in ‘Fuji’ apple at harvest stage. The results showed that the fruits with bitter pit had higher fruit weight and soluble solids content compared with the normal fruits. No significant difference was found in fruit firmness, malic acid content and fruit shape index between bitter pit fruit and normal fruit. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the apoplastic Ca content among the normal fruit, the normal parts and the scab parts of bitter pit fruit. However, the apoplastic contents of K, Mg and P in scab parts of bitter pit fruit were higher than those in the normal part of bitter pit fruit and the normal fruit. The analysis of the ratios between different mineral elements showed that the scab parts of bitter pit fruit had higher ratio of K/Ca, Mg/Ca, P/Ca and [K+Mg]/Ca, which was 1.64, 1.50, 2.05 and 1.63 times that of normal fruits respectively. The results also indicated that the Ca content of peel and flesh in bitter pit fruit were much lower than those in the normal fruit, and the contents of K, Mg, P and N in bitter pit fruit were higher than those in the normal fruit. Moreover, the ratios of K/Ca, Mg/Ca, P/Ca, [K+Mg]/Ca and N/Ca in the scab sites of bitter pit fruit were significantly higher than those in normal apple fruit. It is concluded that the occurrence of bitter pit in apple fruit is not only related to the content of Ca in the fruit, but also highly related to the content of K, Mg, P and N and the ratio of K/Ca, Mg/Ca, P/Ca, [K+Mg]/Ca and N/Ca. Therefore, balanced nutrition and scientific fertilization are the key management points to solve bitter pit occurrence in apple cultivation.

  Bibliometrics Analysis of Ectomycorrhizal Knowledge Based on CiteSpace Liu Zhongqing, Li Mengsha, Sui Xin, Han Shijie, Yin Weiping, Li Guofu, Qiu Guoliang 2020, 36 (28):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800558 Abstract + ( 370 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1645KB )   ( 55 ) The paper aims to further understand the domestic research progress of ectomycorrhizal. Taking ‘ectomycorrhizal’ as the key word, we analysed the ectomycorrhizal studying situation using the CNKI database, which has a total of 1607 related articles during 1979-2018. The visualized analysis of keywords, authors and institutions, and the correlation analysis of research progress, development trend and funds were conducted by using the CitesSpace software. The results are: (1) the ectomycorrhizal research has experienced three stages: start-up stage, rapid growth stage and stable development stage; (2) since 1979, ectomycorrhizal study has mainly focused on exogenous mycorrhiza, exogenous mycorrhizal fungi, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus massoniana, mycorrhizal fungi, Pinus tabuliformis, large fungi, diversity, etc.; (3) Forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Forestry Department of Fushun Mining Group, Forestry College of Northwest A&F University are the most important research institutions; (4) Yan Wei is the most published scholar in the field of ectomycorrhizal research; (5) Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University has published most articles on ectomycorrhizal research; (6) National Natural Science Foundation of China is the project that supports most on the research of ectomycorrhizal. With the deepening of domestic scholars’ research, ectomycorrhizal research in China has developed rapidly, and will have a promising future.

  Leisure Agriculture in Jiangsu: The Development Status Jia Xinping, Tang Ling, Mei Xueying, Luo Hairong, Jia Junli, Yi Neng, Zhao Yingjie, Liu Huazhou 2020, 36 (28):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000696 Abstract + ( 803 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 100 ) Leisure agriculture is an important part of rural industry, and has become a new industry format promoting agriculture development, rural prosperity and farmers’ affluence. Based on the analysis of the advantages of developing leisure agriculture in Jiangsu, we systematically studied the development process, characteristics, modes and existing problems of leisure agriculture with consulting literature, data statistics and field investigation. The results showed that the advantages and opportunities of developing leisure agriculture in Jiangsu included good natural ecology, strong agricultural foundation, developed social economy, obvious location advantages, abundant tourism resources and a long agricultural civilization history. The leisure agriculture of Jiangsu mainly experienced three stages, including the embryonic stage, the development stage and the creative stage. At present, efforts should be focused on problems such as inadequate policy implementation, financing difficulties, lack of planning guidance, poor infrastructure conditions, low service levels, unregulated management, and so on. In recent years, leisure agriculture of Jiangsu has shown a vigorous development trend, with enlarging industrial scope, increasing business income, rising market demand, growing employment and income of farmers, upgrading brand cultivation and diversified modes, and has become a new industry format of economic and social development. In view of the problems restricting the development of leisure agriculture in Jiangsu, some suggestions are proposed, such as scientific layout, policy support, communal infrastructure improvement, publicity and promotion, and creative development.

  Grey Correlation Analysis of the Influence Factors of Grain Yield in Shaanxi: Empirical Research Based on Panel Data Song Xifang, Yao Hairong, Zhang Xiaofei, Zhang Jianguo, Chen Ni, Chang Xiaojian, Zhang Chenyang 2020, 36 (28):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100858 Abstract + ( 305 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 67 ) The grain yield from 1999 to 2017 in Shaanxi was divided into two stages and 10 influence factors of grain yield were analyzed dynamically with grey correlation analysis method, and the data processing was realized by SAS statistical software, aiming to provide data support for improving grain productivity and enhancing grain security in Shaanxi. The results showed that the most important factor affecting the grain yield in Shaanxi was the grain planting area. The effect of effective irrigation area and rural employment on grain yield was gradually enhanced. It was imperative to reduce the amount of pesticides and fertilizers and increase their efficiency. On the macro level, natural factors were still the first to influence grain output, the impact of scientific and technological factors was increased, and the last was policy factor. The important measures to ensure food security in Shaanxi are improving the quality of cultivated land, stabilizing the sown area of grain crops, reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of pesticides and fertilizers, and promoting green grain production.