Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.27 Published:25 September 2020

  Low Temperature Tolerance of Rice: A Review Liu Jingyan, Yan Shuangyong, Zhang Rongxue, Su Jingping, Sun Yue, Sun Linjing 2020, 36 (27):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800542 Abstract + ( 298 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 103 ) Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crop in China. As the main abiotic stress, cold stress has affected the yield and quality of rice crop seriously, and makes different degrees of harm to rice in various growth stages. It is significant to study the molecular mechanism of low-temperature tolerance of rice and cultivate high-yield and high-quality cold-resistant varieties to ensure food security in China. In order to further reveal the molecular mechanism of low temperature tolerance in rice, this study reviewed the research progress of low temperature signaling pathway in rice in recent decades. It is found that several important genes with low temperature tolerance are cloned at the seed germination stage, seedling stage and booting stage of rice, and their gene functions and molecular mechanisms are preliminarily analyzed. However, there are still some deficiencies in the study of specific mechanisms and signal pathways. Further research should focus on identifying more cold-resistant genes and their mechanism in rice and important SNP sites, so as to provide a scientific basis for rice molecular breeding.

  Screen of High Yield and Quality Wheat Varieties (lines) Based on Gray Relational Degree Analysis and Cluster Analysis Zhang Fan, Xue Xin, Liu Guotao, Zhou Qijun, Dong Junhong, Yang Chunling 2020, 36 (27):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800527 Abstract + ( 314 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 68 ) To provide diversified analysis methods for screening and evaluating new wheat varieties (lines) with high yield and quality, the gray relational degree analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were used to evaluate agronomic traits, yields and qualities of 16 wheat varieties (lines) from the test in the southern Huang-Huai region. The results showed that the varieties’ (lines) ranking based on gray relational degree analysis was consistent with the yield ranking. The growth period, plumpness and plant height had the highest correlation degree with standard series and the relationship was the closest. The correlation analysis showed that 1000-grain weight was an important index related to both yield and quality. Combining gray relational degree analysis results with cluster analysis results, three new high yield and quality wheat varieties (lines) (‘Lunxuan146’, ‘Anmai1350’ and ‘Yuanfeng12’, respectively) were screened. The two methods could be used to analyze wheat varieties (lines) accurately and completely, and provide diversity analysis methods for breeding high yield and quality wheat.

  Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Maize Seedlings Under Drought Stress Du Zhuo, Hou Wen, Wang Li, Li Lin, Zhang Kai, Lu Yuncai 2020, 36 (27):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300234 Abstract + ( 360 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 69 ) The paper aims to study the role of exogenous melatonin in enhancing the adaptability of maize seedling under drought stress and reduce the harm of drought stress to maize seedlings. The maize variety ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as material. The artificial water regulation was used, and six treatments including CK, drought, M1, M2, M3 and M4 were designed to study the effects of exogenous melatonin on growth index, chlorophyll content, proline content and peroxidase activity of maize seedlings. The results showed that exogenous melatonin could alleviate the effect of drought stress on maize seedlings, such as plant height, leaf water content and root length, and improve the chlorophyll synthesis ability and SPAD value. Melatonin also alleviated the oxidative stress on maize seedlings through increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. With the increase of drought stress days, the peroxidase activity of each treatment group was significantly higher than that of drought group. The proline content increased with the increase of drought stress days, and there was a significant difference in the content of proline between the drought group and other treatments by seven days of drought stress. Taken together, exogenous melatonin can improve the growth ability of maize seedlings under drought stress, mainly by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and chlorophyll synthesis, reducing the level of membrane lipid peroxidation. Exogenous melatonin can improve the drought resistance of maize and be applied in field as a plant growth regulator.

  Biochar Application Under Chromium (Ⅵ) Stress: Effect on Physiological Response and Chromium (Ⅵ) Absorption of Maize Seedlings Ge Chunhui, Zhang Yunshun, Tang Guangmu 2020, 36 (27):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100070 Abstract + ( 253 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 66 ) The objective is to study the effect of biochar application on the physiological response and chromium absorption of maize seedlings under Cr (Ⅵ) stress. Maize was used as the test material, 5 treatments were set up. The biological indexes were determined, such as the aboveground and underground biomass of maize seedlings, the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein in leaves, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). Under Cr (Ⅵ) stress, the fresh weight of aboveground part under biochar treatment was increased by 12.73%, 32.73% and 38.40% compared with that of CK1, respectively, and BC450 and BC600 treatment had significant difference compared with CK1(P<0.05); the content of chromium in the root system of BC600 treatment was only 1.258 mg/kg, which reduced the amount of chromium absorption by 65.75%, while the content of chromium in the aerial part was only 0.36 mg/kg. The activity of MDA, proline, CAT, POD and SOD increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with CK1, MDA, proline, POD, CAT and SOD decreased significantly (P<0.05) in BC600 treatment, but the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar increased significantly (P<0.05). According to comprehensive assessment, the degree of Cr (Ⅵ) stress on maize seedling of BC treatment is lower than that of the control, and biochar applied has certain fixed effect on Cr (Ⅵ), especially BC600.

  Maize New Variety ‘Yufeng 303’: Commercial Breeding Fei Jifei, Wang Xingchuan, Chen Ruijie, Zhang Changzheng, Gao Fei, Wang Aifen, Yuan Zhiqiang, Liu Qingpei, Liu Dongsheng, Wang Yibo 2020, 36 (27):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900641 Abstract + ( 1580 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1203KB )   ( 148 ) In field production, new maize varieties with U.S. germplasm such as ‘Xianyu 335’ are weak in resistance to dense planting, lodging, Southern Corn Rust, leaf blight, and high temperature and heat. To solve these problems by means of plant breeding, we use maize new variety ‘Yufeng 303’ as the test material to study its performances, including yield performance, drought tolerance, high temperature and heat tolerance, dense planting resistance, and grain quality at production trials, at national trials (Huang-huai-hai Summer Maize Area, Eastern of North China Middle and Late Maturity Spring Maize Area, and Northwest Spring Maize Area) and provincial trials. The results show that ‘Yufeng 303’ not only possesses the desirable traits of new maize varieties with U. S. germplasm, but also has traits of high tolerances to drought, high temperature and heat, lodging, and Southern Corn Rust, achieving and substantially surpassing our original breeding goal. Based on these results, several issues for future breeding, including the general technical route of germplasm expansion, improvement and innovation, the avoidance of genetic vulnerability risk and others related to commercial breeding, are discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of breeding the traits of high temperature tolerance and drought tolerance, especially the importance of breeding new varieties with wide stress adaptability by constantly uplifting the positive super normal expression of genotype environment interaction.

  Evaluation of Agronomic Characters and Feeding Potential of a New Perennial Sorghum Wang Honglin, Zuo Yanchun, Yan Xu, Zhou Xiaokang, Kou Jing, Pu Jun, Zhang Haoren, Du Zhouhe 2020, 36 (27):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0036 Abstract + ( 253 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1606KB )   ( 49 ) To understand the feeding potential of a new sorghum material ‘SX-1’, a variety comparison experiment was conducted for 2 years to evaluate the agronomic traits, yield and feed quality of ‘SX-1’ and an annual hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense cv. ‘Jinmu No. 1’). The results showed that the new material ‘SX-1’ is perennial and male-sterile. In the first year of establishment, the plant height (311.33 cm) of ‘SX-1’ was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of ‘Jinmu No.1’ (263.00 cm), and its number of tillers was 12.00-13.00. The number of tillers in the second year of establishment increased significantly (up to 40). The fresh grass yield (110822.43 kg/hm2) of ‘SX-1’ in the first year of establishment was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of ‘Jinmu No.1’ (125846.43 kg/hm2); but the hay yield (22300.71 kg/hm2) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of ‘Jinmu No. 1’ (19039.32 kg/hm2). In the second year of establishment, the fresh and hay yield of ‘SX-1’ was 150373.33 kg/hm2 and 28866.77 kg/hm2, respectively, which increased by 35.69% and 29.44% in comparison with the first year of planting, and 10.53% and 38.00% higher than the fresh and hay yield of ‘Jinmu No. 1’. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and ether extract content of ‘SX-1’ was 9.98 %, 53.28% and 2.20%, respectively, not significantly (P>0.05) different from those of ‘Jinmu No. 1’ (10.05%, 53.93% and 2.09%); acid detergent fiber (35.25%) was significantly lower than that of (P<0.05) ‘Jinmu No. 1’ (45.20%); crude ash (8.59%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of ‘Jinmu No. 1’ (7.57%); the relative feeding value (107.27) was higher than that of ‘Jinmu No. 1’ (92.61). The new perennial sorghum material ‘SX-1’ has high biomass and feeding potential, and it is worth further development and utilization. The interspecific hybrid of Sorghum bicolor and perennial sorghum could be the breeding direction of forage sorghum.

  Water Stress: Effects on Growth and Yield of Soybean and the Countermeasures Wang Shiya, Feng Naijie, Xiang Hongtao, Feng Shengjie, Zheng Dianfeng 2020, 36 (27):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800555 Abstract + ( 487 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1080KB )   ( 118 ) During the growth and development of soybean, abiotic stress seriously affects the physiological and biochemical process of soybean, and reduces the crop yield. Water stress equals to the total loss of all other abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, low temperature, barren land, saline-alkali, etc. In order to improve the soybean resistance to water stress, it is necessary to summarize the research progress on the water stress affecting soybean growth and yield, and the possible impacts on morphological structure, physiological parameters and yield components, and analyze the countermeasures and effective solutions. The paper points out crucial problems in drought and waterlogging disasters, and provides feasible suggestions for reducing the yield loss caused by water stress.

  Rapeseed Male Sterility Restorer Line with Dwarf and Compact Type: Breeding and Application Guan Zhoubo, Dong Yuhong, Zhang Yaowen, Li Shaoqin, Zhang Wenxue, Tian Jianhua 2020, 36 (27):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200097 Abstract + ( 300 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 60 ) This study aims at breeding rapeseed resources with high oil content, dwarf and compact type. The microspore culture of F1 hybrid offspring from ‘Aiyou A05’ (female parent) and ‘DH09-3048’ (male parent) was carried out, and then DH isolated population were obtained. Plant dwarf, branch characteristics, pod number, grain number, mature period, disease resistance, lodging resistance, oil content and higher harvest index were used as breeding target. The phenotypic determination of DH isolated population was conducted in different ecological zones. Cytoplasmic male sterile restorer line ‘DH16-202’ was bred that had high oil content, dwarf, compact type and high harvest index characteristics. In the hybrid combination preparation, ‘DH16-202’ showed stronger combining ability, plant population semi-dwarf and compact plant type, novel pod character, concentrated mature period, high yield and well stress resistance, it could meet the demand of current mechanized cultivation of rapeseed varieties, and has strong application potential. Taken together, ‘DH16-202’ could be used for mechanized breeding and provide basic resource for breeding peers.

  Scientific and Technological Cooperation of Maize Industry Between China and Indonesia: Advance and Prospect Zhao Suxian, Wang Zhiwu, Cheng Wen, Lu Zengbin, Xiao Huanying, Karlina Syahruddin, Rahmansyah Dermawan, Ding Zhaohua 2020, 36 (27):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700363 Abstract + ( 242 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 73 ) To promote Indonesian maize industrial development, and serve China’s national strategies such as the “Belt and Road Initiative” and “Science and Technology to Support Diplomacy”, Maize Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (MRI-SAAS) carried out programs such as localization of maize breeding in Indonesia, collection of new maize varieties and integration of new cultivation technologies, and construction of an Indonesia-China maize industry park and so on. Basic materials of maize breeding were obtained by combining excellent germplasms from China’s Huang-huai-hai region with Indonesian germplasms rich in tropical genetic background. 10 excellent hybrid combinations attended the approval trial to get certificates of new maize varieties in Indonesia. Shandong Province accomplished the first agricultural technology overseas training, and an on-site exhibition of new maize varieties and cultivation technologies in Indonesia. A high-yield record of 13.70 t/hm2 was achieved in the rainy season of Indonesia. A maize industry park with 50 hm2 area is now playing an important role for the fast development of Indonesian maize industry. Through the mode of cooperation between science and enterprises, China’s agricultural enterprises could make full use of their advantages and introduce new maize varieties and new technologies to Indonesia, which will accelerate the development of Indonesian maize industry and serve the “Belt and Road Initiative”.

  The Mechanism of Flumetralin in Inhibiting Tillering of Grafted Loquat Rootstocks Xu Fangjie, Xu Zhihong 2020, 36 (27):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000753 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 36 ) To study the tillering control effect of flumetralin, the grafted seedlings of loquat were used as materials. The results showed that concentrations of 0.050%, 0.071% and 0.125% flumetralin reduced the absorption of light energy per unit area of leaves and inhibited photochemical conversion, but the heat dissipation of leaves did not change significantly. Further determination of redox status of plants showed that flumetralin could rapidly promote the accumulation of superoxide radical (O2. -) in cells, inhibit the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) transformation, thus inducing mild oxidative stress. It can be concluded that flumetralin may destroy photosynthetic properties of newly sprouted tillers by inhibiting photochemical conversion and heat dissipation of leaves, thereby inhibiting their germination and growth, while mature leaves can effectively tolerate mild stress caused by flumetralin by enhancing the activity of their endogenous antioxidant system. In this experiment, 0.125% flumetralin has the best controlling effect on the tillering of loquat rootstock, and does not cause continuous damage to rootstock and grafted seedlings, so it has certain application potential as a chemical tiller control agent.

  Effect of Wormcast on the Growth and Root System of Cutting Seedling Cultivation of ‘Zitian’ Grape Huang Jianquan, Li Bo, Guo Yanfang 2020, 36 (27):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100802 Abstract + ( 574 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 52 ) To explore the best proportion of earthworm dung in the medium of grape cuttage seedling cultivation, we used the cutting seedlings of annual ‘Zitian’ grape as the test material, and designed six different substrates with different proportions of earthworm manure, peat and garden soil, to explore the effect of earthworm manure and the substrates with different ratios of earthworm manure on the height, diameter and internode length of grape and on root length, root surface area and other root indexes. The results showed that when the ratio of earthworm manure, peat and garden soil was 2:3:1, the growth index and root index of cuttage were the best. The study could provide a basis for the selection of grape seedling medium.

  Interspecific Relationship of Dominant Species in the Subalpine Meadow in Yunding Mountain, Shanxi Han Jintao, Guo Junbing, Li Suqing 2020, 36 (27):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800589 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 98 ) To reveal the interspecific relationship of dominant species of the subalpine meadow community in Yunding Mountain, Shanxi, the interspecific relationship of 78 species-pairs among 13 dominant species in the community was measured by interspecific association and correlation. The results showed that: the correlation associations of most species-pairs among the 13 dominant species were non-significant and loose, which illustrated that the community structure of the subalpine meadow in Yunding Mountain was unstable and faced the risk of ecological degradation. Most of the native dominant species occupied the major position in the community, but at the same time, a few of the non-native dominant species had obvious advantages, and there was a retrogressive succession tendency to replace the typical native dominant species, this was due to the frequent human disturbance caused by tourism. Thus, the intensity of tourism development and tourist number should be reasonably controlled, in order to keep the stability and self-sustaining of subalpine meadow ecosystem, and to efficiently maintain the economic and ecological value of subalpine meadow in Yunding Mountain.

  Glyphosate and Aminomethyl Phosphonic Acid in Soil: Determined by Direct Injection Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Zhou Qin, Wu Yumei 2020, 36 (27):  72-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300285 Abstract + ( 398 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 64 ) In order to establish a quantitative analysis method for glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in soil, the solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology was used in this study. The sample was extracted with sodium sulfate and trisodium citrate, purified by solid phase extraction, isolated by hydrophilic liquid chromatographic column, detected by chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under negative electro-spray ionization in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) and quantified by the external standard method. The results showed that the good linearity range of glyphosate and AMPA was 0.02-2 μg/mL, their correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9995 and 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD) of glyphosate and AMPA was 0.5 μg/kg and 0.6 μg/kg, respectively, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was1.6 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery of glyphosate and AMPA at three spiked concentration levels ranged from 79.67% to 96.17% and from 77.83% to 99.47%, respectively. RSD was 3.95%-7.49% and 1.96%-3.89%, respectively. Compared with the traditional derivatization method, this method has the advantages such as the simple operation, low LOD and high accuracy, and it is suitable for analyzing glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid in soil.

  Soil Salinity Characteristics of Typical Oasis in Arid Area Based on Principal Component Analysis:An Example in Xinjiang Zheng Ming, Bai Yungang, Zhang Jianghui, Ding Bangxin, Xiao Jun 2020, 36 (27):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0048 Abstract + ( 381 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 61 ) To study the salinity characteristics and distribution of typical oasis land in Xinjiang, we took the land of the 31st regiment of the Second Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as an example, used GPS to conduct the fixed-point sampling (N=66), the sampling depth was 100 cm of 5 layers. The soil salt ion was tested, and SPSS software was used to perform descriptive, inter-ion correlation and ion principal component analysis. The results showed that the ions in different soil layers were at a medium or higher variation level with pH 8.11, and the content of Cl-, K++ Na+ and SO42- in each soil layer was greater than that of HCO3-, Ca2+ and Mg2+; the correlation coefficient of Cl-, K++ Na+, SO42-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was relatively high, showing a very significant correlation. The first main component of each soil layer mainly contained Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, K++ Na+ ion information, and the second and third main components mainly contained HCO3- ion information. Based on the different information represented by the first, the second and the third principal component, the salinization degree and alkalinity of different soil layers in different locations in the study area were analyzed. The study area was greatly affected by salt and alkali.

  Rainfall Infiltration: Effects on Slope Stability of Loess Terraces in Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia Liu Jiali, Tian Jia, Liang Zhiqi, Zhang Zhimin, Yang Zekang, Ma Jianwen, Zhao Yan 2020, 36 (27):  88-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800551 Abstract + ( 274 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1836KB )   ( 65 ) The paper aims to study the effects of rainfall infiltration on the slope stability of loess terraces in mountainous area of southern Ningxia. We established a finite element model for the stability analysis by using the software ABAQUS, and studied the variation of failure time and safety factors of 3 different types of terraced slopes: the level terrace, alternate terrace and original slope (control) under different rainfall infiltration intensities (28-38 mm/h) and the slope gradient (15°-30°). The results showed that: the failure time of the terraced slope decreased with the increase of rainfall infiltration intensity and satisfied the power function relation; the failure time of the level terrace was significantly higher than that of the alternate terrace and original slope; the safety factors of the terraced slope decreased with the increase of the rainfall infiltration intensity too, but satisfied the linear function relation; the safety factors of the level terrace had no significant difference between the alternate terrace and original slope. Under the condition of rainfall, the construction of loess terraces can increase the stability of shallow terrace slope, but has little effect on the stability of deep terrace slope.

  Climate Conditions for Blueberry Growth in the Great Khingan Tian Baoxing, Gong Lijuan, Teng Pan, Chen Jing, Yang Fan, Zhang Yang 2020, 36 (27):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800565 Abstract + ( 539 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1791KB )   ( 94 ) To understand the distribution rule and trend of mean temperature of blueberry growing season and its response to climate change in the Great Khingan region from 1971 to 2014, the authors used the EOF, wavelet analysis and literature review to analyze the variation characteristics of mean temperature in blueberry growing season, the main meteorological disasters and their responses to climate change, based on the daily data of 6 meteorological stations in the Great Khingan region. The results showed that: there was an increase trend of mean temperature of blueberry growing season with 28 and 8 years scale periodic variation. The spatial distribution of the first eigenvector showed the positive trend, while the second and third eigenvectors showed the positive and negative trends, the change of eigenvector was opposite in southeast and northwest, so was in west and east. Climate change had a certain impact on blueberry production, both advantages and disadvantages. The main meteorological disasters of blueberry under the influence of heat conditions were cold damage, frost and low temperature, and rainy and few sunshine in spring, which were expounded by the occurrence and influence. The results could provide references for scientific planning to ensure high quality and yield of blueberry, and avoiding disaster losses.

  Data Mining of Simple Sequence Repeats in Dendrobium huoshanense Transcriptome Hong Keqian, Xia Weili, Li Peiling, Xu Hanbing, Gu Hui, Chen Li 2020, 36 (27):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100029 Abstract + ( 341 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1097KB )   ( 48 ) The paper aims to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers for Dendrobium huoshanense to provide technical support for genetic diversity research and germplasm characterization of D. huoshanense. The Illumina HiSeq X10 platform was used to sequence the transcriptome of D. huoshanense leaves. Microsatellite (MISA) software was used to analyze the distributing frequency of transcriptome SSR and the basic characteristics of repeat motifs. Primers were designed using Primer 5. SSR loci (43291) were obtained from 202080 Unigene, distributed in 36382 Unigene (18.00%). There were 463 kinds of repeat motifs existing in D. huoshanense transcriptome. On average, SSR occurred every 6.08 kb in length. Mononucleotid repeats predominated with an occurrence frequency of 47.62%, and A/T was the most frequent one among all the repeat types (47.06%). A total of 13960 primer pairs were designed for marker development.

  Development of Molecular Markers in Stevia rebaudiana Based on Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing Sun Yuxi, Ni Wanchao, Du Ping, Cui Xiaoxia, Guo Shuqiao, Jiang Lu 2020, 36 (27):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800564 Abstract + ( 280 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1622KB )   ( 47 ) The aim is to select and develop polymorphic molecular markers of Stevia rebaudiana genome. 4 Stevia rebaudiana varieties were used as materials, SSR markers and SNP markers were developed with RAD-seq. 149 pairs of SSR with rich polymorphism, high repeatability and specificity, and 4 functional SNP markers were developed and identified. These new genome molecule markers included new markers StKASPSNP-7 of key gene in Stevia rebaudiana glycoside synthesis pathway. The feasibility of developing SNP markers of Stevia rebaudiana based on KASP technology was verified, which laid a foundation for constructing genetic map and molecular identification of Stevia rebaudiana. SSR markers and KASP markers developed in the study could be used to analyze the genetic map of Stevia rebaudiana, identify its variety authenticity with high efficiency and speed, and develop new varieties with high glycoside content.

  The Sensory Receptors of the Ovipositor, Compound Eye and Mouthpart of Rhyacionia pinicolana (Doubleday): Observation with Scanning Electron Microscopy Zhao Hongying, Sun Yan, Wang Qi, Wang Lei, Ge Jinxing, Bian Hong, Wang Zhiying 2020, 36 (27):  118-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100888 Abstract + ( 222 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2191KB )   ( 34 ) To study the external morphology, types and distribution characteristics of ovipositor, compound eye and mouthpart of Rhyacionia pinicolana (Doubleday), the shoots of scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, damaged by moths were collected from forest fields, and then the moths were raised to adults indoor, the adults were observed with scanning electron microscopy of QUANTA-200. The results showed that four sensillas were indentified in the ovipositors, compound eyes and mouthparts. The sensilla trichodea (STⅠ, STⅡ, STⅣ) were found in ovipositors. The sensilla trichodea (STⅢ), sensilla styloconica (SS) and coeloconical sensilla (coe) were found in mouthparts. The sensilla basiconca (SBa) were found in compound eyes. The 4 types of sensillas in Rhyacionia pinicolana (Doubleday) are not identical with those observed in the same parts of other lepidoptera in terms of morphology, type and distribution.

  Three Strains of Fomesafen Degrading Fungi: Isolation and Identification Pan Guoqiang, Yang Fengshan, Wang Jiarui, Tang Yuanhao, Ma Yukun, Fu Haiyan, Liu Chunguang 2020, 36 (27):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300268 Abstract + ( 195 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1639KB )   ( 32 ) In order to solve the problem of fomesafen residues in soybean field caused by the long-term application of the herbicide fomesafen, the enrichment and acclimation method was used to screen the strains, and the high efficiency liquid chromatography method was used to determine the degradation ability, and the species were identified by morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analysis in this study. The results showed that three fungal strains FF1, FF2 and FF3, which grew with fomesafen as the only carbon source, were isolated and purified from the soil with long-term application of fomesafen. Their degradation efficiency of the initial concentration 600 mg/L fomesafen in seven days was 21.03%, 15.74% and 11.88%, respectively. These three strains were identified as Aspergillus jensenii, Penicillium dipodomyicola and Rhizopus oryzae. The acquisition of the three species could provide new resources for bioremediation of contaminated soil with fomesafen.

  The Effect of Herbicide Application on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Farmland: A Review Gao Xiang, Fan Xiaoxu, Zhang Shuzhen, Song Fuqiang 2020, 36 (27):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800568 Abstract + ( 249 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1130KB )   ( 48 ) In order to explore the effect of herbicide application on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, we summarize the research progress of herbicides’ effect on spore germination and vitality of AM fungi, colonization in host plant roots, community structure, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hyphae in farmland ecosystem in recent years, and discuss the research needs to be done in the future. The study could provide theoretical guidance for the rational use of herbicides and the sustainable development of agricultural production.

  Crop Protection with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Rice Field Ma Jinlong, Chen Yin 2020, 36 (27):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900608 Abstract + ( 318 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 71 ) This research focuses on exploring the efficacy of UAVs on crop protection for rice. Experiment factors include different UAVs, spray volume and flight parameters. Pre-emergence herbicides and pesticides are tested. Results show that when the spray volume is 10650 and 15000 mL/hm2, no significant difference is observed for control efficacy on weeds between UAV application and manual application. When the spray volume is 10650 and 15000 mL/hm2 in pests and disease control efficacy test, the efficacy is not affected even when the pesticide dosage is decreased by 30% at the spray volume of 15000 mL/hm2. Therefore, using UAV to apply pre-emergence herbicides and pesticides is feasible. Selecting appropriate pesticides and scientific spraying parameters can reduce pesticide usage. The application of UAVs in rice crop protection has a broad prospect.

  Oviposition and Behavior Preference of Menochilus sexmaculates to Different Colors Ma Xiaotong, Fu Buli, Qiu Haiyan, Li Shanguang, Yang Shiyou, Zhou Shihao, Tang Liangde, Zhang Fangping, Liu Kui 2020, 36 (27):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900627 Abstract + ( 377 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 40 ) To determine the behavior response of Menochilus sexmaculates to different colors, the choice-test by using handmade devices was carried out to investigate the oviposition and behavior preference of M. sexmaculates in response to 8 colors. The results revealed that the largest oviposition times and total egg production were observed on transparent card (97 oviposition times and 926 eggs), followed by purple card (39 oviposition times and 435 eggs), while they were the lowest on black card (1 oviposition time and 4 eggs). Moreover, the average number of egg production on transparent, purple, red and yellow card was not significantly different, but which was higher than that of other colors. Notably, the results also demonstrated that both transparent and purple traps appeared to be more attractive in capturing M. sexmaculates than other traps. Overall, these findings indicate that M. sexmaculates has an oviposition preference to transparent substances and shows a strong behavior preference to both transparent and purple traps. Thereby, the results could provide theoretical bases for natural enemy breeding, collection and utilization and biological control of M. sexmaculates.

  Growth Characteristics of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Under Pond Culture Hou Guanjun, Ji Suofei, Wu Minglin, Zhao Xiuxia, Wu Honghua, Gao Yuan 2020, 36 (27):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900614 Abstract + ( 314 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1152KB )   ( 55 ) To study the growth characteristics of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus under pond culture condition and explore their growth rules, breeding experiments were carried out from May to October in 2017, and the survival rate and feed coefficient were obtained. By measuring the body length, body mass and body height, the growth characteristics of the carp under pond culture condition were analyzed. The results showed that after about 5-month breeding, the survival rate of the carp was 92.6%, the feed coefficient was 1.38, and the average body length, body mass and body height was 21.13 cm, 689.21 g and 7.73 cm, respectively. The corresponding coefficient of variation ranged from 10.88% to 15.53%, 9.15% to 46.44%, and 13.82% to 22.04%, respectively. Additionally, the relative fatness ranged from 2.84 to 7.31. There was a linear regression relationship between body length (LS) and total length (LT) : LT=1.721LS+0.4517 (R2=0.9998), and the regression equation of body length and body mass (W) was: W=0.0174L3.2946 (R2=0.9725). The growth equation of von Bertallanffy was fitted: LSt=29.354 (1-1.082e-0.399t)3, Wt=1790.916 (1-1.688e-0.547t)3, LHt=9.352(1-1.688e-0.54t)3, and the input-output ratio was 1:1.19. In conclusion, the growth rate of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus under pond culture condition is faster and the economic benefit is well, and the study provides a theoretical reference for the large-scale culture of carp in the north of Anhui.

  Temperature Effects on Feeding and Oxygen Consumption Rate of Haliotis discus hannai Ino Duan Jiaoyang, Liu Hui, Chen Siqing, Chang Lirong, Bian Li, Yao Yanyan, Yang Xiaobin, Yan Xin 2020, 36 (27):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900687 Abstract + ( 344 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 61 ) To determine the changes in feeding and oxygen consumption rate of Haliotis discus hannai Ino at different temperature, a laboratory experiment was designed. Two groups of abalone were used as the experimental materials, at 7-8 months old (shell length 2.67±0.02 cm) and 19-20 months old (shell length 6.91±0.04 cm), respectively, cultured under 5 temperature regimes (5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃) for 30 d. The feeding rate was recorded. The oxygen consumption rate of abalone was determined by using iodimetry. The results showed that the feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of the younger abalones (7-8 months) were significantly higher than the older ones (19-20 months). The feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of abalone increased with increasing temperature and reached a peak at 20℃, then decreased with further increase of temperature. The feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of 19-20 months old abalone in the 5℃ and 10℃ group differed extremely and significantly from those in the 20℃ group (P<0.01), and the 15℃ and 25℃ group differed significantly from those in the 20℃ group (P<0.05). The feeding rate of 7-8 months old abalone in the 20℃ group was significantly different with those of other temperature groups (P < 0.05), however, the oxygen consumption rate in the 20℃ group had no significant difference with those of 15℃ and 25℃group (P>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate were in accordance with a cubic function relationship. This study indicates that the feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of abalone are significantly affected by temperature changes, the suitable temperature is about 20℃, which is of significance for further study on the reasonable and healthy aquaculture of abalone.

  Animal Silage Additives: Research Progress Sun Qian, Xu Shengjun, Zeng Xiangui, Zhang Huanzhen, Bai Zhihui 2020, 36 (27):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000731 Abstract + ( 269 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 127 ) Silage is one of the most classical methods for long-term preservation of forage. According to the effects of the silage additives on silage conservation, four types can be generally classified as the following: (1) fermentation stimulators; (2) fermentation inhibitors; (3) aerobic spoilage inhibitors; (4) nutrition and absorbent. This review summarized and analyzed the research on silage additives published around the world, and discussed the effects of silage additives on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and livestock intake and utilization, aiming to improve silage fermentation, nutrition value and animal productivity.