Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.5 Published:15 February 2023

  Innovation Strategy of Major Key Technologies of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment in Shandong QI Kangkang, ZHAO Jia, WANG Limin, FAN Yangyang, HOU Xuehui, RUAN Huaijun 2023, 39 (5):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0699 Abstract + ( 275 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 95 ) As an important part of modern agricultural production development, intelligent agricultural machinery equipment plays an crucial role in improving resource allocation and ecological environment, enhancing economic development, promoting rural revitalization and ensuring food security, while accelerating the development of agricultural modernization. Shandong Province, as a large province of agricultural machinery equipment manufacturing and application, still has problems such as unbalanced development of agricultural machinery equipment industry, low level of intelligent equipment, insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and backward construction of basic conditions for mechanization. This study analyzes the status quo of the intelligent agricultural machinery equipment. In view of the problems of the development of intelligent agricultural machinery industry in Shandong Province, we deeply dissect the domestic and foreign cutting-edge technologies and the industrial developing trends. In combination with the urgent needs of the modern agricultural and rural development, we put forward future research and application targets of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment in Shandong Province, and further clarify the innovation and support fields of government, enterprises and scientific research institutes, and the key technology research direction in line with the national strategic needs and the requirements of agricultural modernization.

  Suggestions on Accelerating the Original Innovation of Sugarcane Industry and Ensuring the National Sugar Security ZHANG Muqing, YANG Benpeng 2023, 39 (5):  6-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0790 Abstract + ( 240 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 976KB )   ( 36 ) Sugarcane is one of the most critical sugar crops, and sugar is an important agricultural product related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. To accelerate the high-quality development of sugarcane industry, we analyzed the status quo of sugarcane industry development, and put forward four suggestions from the aspects of variety breeding, soil improvement, efficient cultivation and industrial policy. (1) Strengthening the collection, evaluation and utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources to select breakthrough varieties with high yield, high sugar content, disease resistance, long ratooning age, and suitable for mechanic harvesting. (2) Strengthening deep mechanization to improve the soil quality of cultivated land in sugarcane area. (3) Strengthening the research and development, integrated innovation, demonstration and promotion to improve the technological quality and efficiency in sugarcane industry. (4) Strengthening the related policies to protect and support sugarcane industry. The paper will provide certain reference for promoting the high-quality development of sugar crop industry and ensuring national sugar security.

  Improving Agroecological Compensation Mechanism to Facilitate Rural Industry Revitalization in China WANG Songliang 2023, 39 (5):  9-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0762 Abstract + ( 204 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1020KB )   ( 67 ) The essay proposes to improve the agroecological compensation mechanism from the perspectives of modernizing national governance system and capacity and ensuring the revitalization of the rural industries. By means of literature review and comparison with reality, this paper analyzes the defects of mainstream economics in the payment of agricultural ecosystem services or the realization of agricultural ecological product value, and probes into the problems existing in current agricultural ecological compensation mechanism and practice process. From three aspects such as theoretical research, route selection and pilot construction, the paper puts forward suggestion as improving agricultural ecological compensation mechanism to facilitate rural industry development in China.

  Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Cob Correlated Traits in Maize F2 Population YU Chong, ZHANG Fengyun, HUANG Hao, LU Yuncai 2023, 39 (5):  13-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0029 Abstract + ( 214 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1865KB )   ( 64 ) The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic mechanism of cob traits by using genetic model prediction, point out breeding directions for breeders and improve breeding efficiency. The F2 population containing 390 lines crossed by two parents, FBHJ and MBUB, was used as material. The F2 single generation analysis method in the quantitative segregation analysis package for plants was used to perform quantitative genetic analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis of seven cob-related traits, including ear cob length, kernel length, ear cob diameter, kernel width, ear cob weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel thickness. The results showed that the most suitable genetic model for three traits, namely, ear cob diameter, kernel length and kernel width, was A-0, which inherited by no major gene. Ear cob weight and kernel thickness were controlled by two pairs of major genes, and the major genes were additive-dominant-superior, which was consistent with the B-1 model. Ear cob length and 100-kernel weight were controlled by one pair of major genes, and the most suitable models were A-1 and A-3, respectively. The heritability of major genes ranged from 28.37% to 59.11% for each model, with the largest heritability for 100-kernel weight trait. All traits were positively correlated with 100-kernel weight. The regression equation of 100-kernel weight (Y) on other agronomic traits was Y= -57.126+0.176X1+3.069X2+2.890X3+5.108X4 with a fit degree of 0.723. The indirect effect of kernel width and the direct effect of kernel length were the highest in the throughput analysis. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the genetic resolution of cob traits in maize.

  Exogenous Silicon: Effects on Maize and Teosinte Seedlings Under Low Temperature Stress HUANG Hao, LU Yuncai 2023, 39 (5):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0135 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 58 ) In order to study the adaptability of maize and teosinte seedlings enhanced by exogenous silicon under low temperature stress, five treatments, including CK, LT, S1, S2 and S3, were designed with three replicates, using common maize varieties and wild teosinte as materials. The morphological indexes, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content and SOD activity of maize and teosinte were determined. The results showed that exogenous silicon effectively alleviated the damage of low temperature stress on maize and teosinte. (1) The morphological indexes of maize and teosinte under S1, S2 and S3 increased by different degrees compared with those under LT. (2) The chlorophyll content of maize and teosinte increased most significantly under S2 and S3 respectively, by 42.08% and 84.38% respectively compared with that under LT. (3) The malondialdehyde content of maize and teosinte under S1, S2 and S3 were lower than that under LT, and the lowest malondialdehyde content was found under S2 for maize and teosinte, which was 31.44% and 34.72% lower than that under LT, respectively. (4) Under S1, S2 and S3 treatments, the SOD activity of maize and teosinte was higher than that of LT, and SOD activity in maize leaves was the highest under S2, which was 14.24% higher than that under LT. SOD activity in teosinte leaves was the highest under S3, which was 14.96% higher than that under LT. In conclusion, exogenous silicon could improve the biomass accumulation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of maize and teosinte under low temperature stress, increase the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen, and enhance the cold tolerance of the seedlings.

  Variety Adaptability of Silage Maize in Terms of Photosynthesis and Yield in Western Henan MENG Zhanying, CAI Haixia, YANG Haozhe, WANG Yueqing, GUO Dang, LI Lifeng 2023, 39 (5):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0178 Abstract + ( 306 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1315KB )   ( 75 ) In order to select suitable silage maize varieties in western Henan, we took ‘Zhengqing 3’, ‘Jingke 932’, ‘Chuandan 99’, ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Yayu 8’ (control treatment) as materials, analyzed variety adaptability by exploring the photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of different varieties at tasseling silking stage in combination with the final fresh and dry forage yield and kernel yield. The results showed that ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Chuandan 99’ had good photosynthetic performance, and ‘Chuandan 99’ had good chlorophyll fluorescence performance and high fresh forage yield. ‘Zhengdan 958’ had high kernel yield. Therefore, ‘Chuandan 99’ is a suitable silage maize variety for planting in western Henan, and ‘Zhengdan 958’ is a dual-purpose maize variety suitable for kernel harvesting and silage in western Henan.

  SSR Markers of Maize and Sorghum: The Transferability in Adlay FU Yuhua, MENG Qiuyi, SHANG Kun, LI Xiushi, LIU Fanzhi, LI Xiangdong 2023, 39 (5):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0152 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 55 ) In order to select available molecular makers for adlay germplasm and genetics research, the transferability and polymorphism of SSR markers from maize and sorghum were tested in adlay. 11 adlay germplasms were selected as materials, and then 364 SSR primers from maize and sorghum were screened by SSR-PCR and capillary electrophoresis methods. The results showed that 163 out of the 364 markers were successfully amplified in adlay, among which 44 markers showed well polymorphism. The percentage of transferability and polymorphism of SSR markers from sorghum were 58.02% and 30.85%, respectively, while those from maize were 23.45% and 26.47%, respectively. Sorghum SSR markers exhibited better transferability and polymorphism in adlay. A total of 110 alleles were amplified using the 44 SSR primers in the 11 adlay germplasms, with a number of bands ranging from 1 to 5 (an average of 2.5). PIC ranged from 0.15 to 0.79 and 15 SSR primers had PIC greater than 0.5, accounting for 34.09% of the total polymorphic SSR primers. Therefore, the transferable markers could provide useful genetic markers for germplasm diversity and molecular genetics research in adlay, and they could also be a powerful tool for comparative genomics among sorghum, maize and adlay.

  The Growth Rhythm and Genetic Variation of the F1 Hybrid Cuttings of Populus deltoids YAN Caixia, MIAO Tingting, LIU Junlong, WU Zhongneng, SU Xiaohua, DING Changjun, CAO Zhihua, SUN Hui 2023, 39 (5):  39-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0773 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1525KB )   ( 40 ) The growth rhythm and genetic variation of the cutting clones from the F1 hybrid of poplar were investigated to provide a basis for poplar genetic improvement and high-quality germplasm resources mining. Using 30 F1 hybrids obtained by the controlled pollination hybridization experiment with poplar ‘I-69’ as the female parent and poplar ‘I-63’ as male parent and the two parents as the research objects, we carried out a field cutting experiment to analyze the growth process and genetic variation of the seedling height and ground diameter of the experimental materials at seedling stage. Results showed that these two growth traits of the 1-year-old cuttings from the F1 hybrid of poplar were in line with the ‘S’ curve, and the Logistic growth equation could fit the dynamic growth rhythm well. The seedling height and ground diameter of different clones were significantly different (P<0.01), indicating obvious super-parental advantage and significant maternal parent effect. The repeatability, variation range, phenotypic variation coefficient, and the genetic variation coefficient of the two growth traits were 0.88 and 0.72, 125.11% and 108.94%, 23.67% and 19.97%, and 40.37% and 25.98%, respectively. The repeatability, phenotypic variation coefficient, and genetic variation coefficient of the two growth traits increased first and then decreased, while the genetic variance, environmental variance and phenotypic variance basically increased with growing months, and the contribution rate of genetic variance effect to phenotypic variance increased month by month. Based on the cluster analysis using seedling height and ground diameter as evaluation indexes, five clones with good growth performance traits were selected. The average seedling height and ground diameter of the five selected clones were 3.10 m and 19.92 mm, and the genetic gains were 12.48%-41.96% and 10.52%-21.83%, respectively. The five selected clones could be used as materials for forest production and poplar variety improvement.

  Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Taxodium mucronatum Tenore XU Jiabao, SONG Ke, NI Yue, SHI Fenghou, HAN Biao, LU Yizeng, SHEN Yongbao 2023, 39 (5):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0120 Abstract + ( 168 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 46 ) The waterlogging tolerance of Taxodium mucronatum Tenore seedlings was evaluated by artificially simulating different degrees of waterlogging stress environment. The two years old seedlings of Taxodium mucronatum Tenore were treated under different waterlogging stresses, including total submersion of the seedlings (full flooding), submersion from the middle part of the seedlings (half-flooding), submersion of the root (shallow flooding), and no submersion of the seedlings (control). Then the change rules of the content of soluble protein, proline, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of peroxidase in seedling leaves were measured and analyzed. The results showed that during the entire test period, the effects of different waterlogging stresses on the physiological and biochemical indexes of Taxodium mucronatum reached an extremely significant difference (P<0.01). With the aggravation of the waterlogging degree, the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes in seedling leaves under different treatments were also quite different: on the one hand, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of peroxidase increased, on the other hand, with the extension of the waterlogging time, the soluble protein content, proline content and soluble sugar content showed complex changes in a repeated first-increase-then-decrease way. In summary, Taxodium mucronatum seedlings have a strong ability to withstand the waterlogging stress, and can survive in shallow flooding and half-flooding environment for a long time, even the seedlings in full flooding environment will not die in a short time.

  Effect of Vertical Pipe Aeration on Phyllostachys violascens Growth Under Mulching ZHU Ling, DENG Shixin, LEI Lujia, GUI Renyi 2023, 39 (5):  55-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0155 Abstract + ( 141 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 31 ) The aims are to explore the effect of vertical pipe aeration on the growth of Phyllostachys violascens under mulching, and provide scientific technologies for the intensive management of P. violascens forests. Four treatments were set up in this experiment: no mulching and no aeration (CK), aeration and no mulching (A), mulching and no aeration (M), and mulching with aeration (MA). The soil oxygen concentration, soil mineral elements, and root vitality and photosynthetic parameters of P. violascens under each treatment were analyzed respectively to explore the effect of aeration on the growth and site conditions of intensively managed P. violascens forests. Compared with the no mulching and no aeration (CK), the mulching and no aeration treatment (M) significantly increased the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the soil surface. The mulching with aeration treatment (MA) promoted the decomposition of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and other substances. In the soil layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm, the soil oxygen content under MA treatment was higher than that under M treatment by 26.19%, 28.36%, 30.77 % and 26.92%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with M treatment, the root vitality of P. violascens under MA treatment increased by 57.16% (P<0.05), and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased by 49.47% (P<0.05). Vertical pipe aeration significantly addressed the issues of soil oxygen deficit, poor growth of the root system, and reduced net photosynthetic rate of P. violascens forest caused by long-term mulching management.

  Leaf Morphological Diversity of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in Sixteen Wild Resource Distribution Areas in Hubei Province CHEN Huiling, LIU Hua, HUANG Guowei, MA Linjiang, ZHOU Xiong, ZHANG Xinye 2023, 39 (5):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0183 Abstract + ( 188 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1211KB )   ( 32 ) The study aims to clarify the difference of leaf morphological characteristics of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in different distribution areas of Hubei Province, guide the development and application of Idesia polycarpa Maxim germplasm resources and explore its molecular genetic diversity. The leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, leaf length-width ratio and morphological factor of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in sixteen wild resource distribution areas in Hubei were measured and analyzed. The following results were obtained. (1) The variation coefficient of leaf characters in the sixteen wild resource distribution areas was 1.84%-40.54%, indicating that there were significant differences in leaf morphological characteristics in different distribution areas; the heritability of leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf perimeter, leaf area, leaf length-width ratio and morphological factor were greater than 88%, indicating that the leaf morphology of Idesia polycarpa Maxim was controlled by heredity to a great extent. (2) The analysis of the correlation between leaf morphological characteristics and latitude, longitude and altitude in the sixteen wild resource distribution areas showed that the size and shape of Idesia polycarpa Maxim leaf were closely related to the longitude, latitude and altitude of resource wood, and the leaf morphology of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in different geographical locations was very different. (3) According to the results of leaf morphology cluster analysis, taking the genetic distance of 10.50 as the threshold, the germplasm of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in the sixteen wild resource distribution areas could be divided into five types based on different leaf morphology. In conclusion, the results of leaf morphological diversity study indicate that there are rich genetic variations of leaf morphology of Idesia polycarpa Maxim in different regions of Hubei Province, and the study can lay a technical foundation for the breeding and improvement of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Inhibitors on Wheat Yield, Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Use Efficiency KAN Jianluan, WANG Xiaoyun, SU Jianping, ZHANG Yongchun, WANG Jidong, MA Hongbo, CAI Yuntong 2023, 39 (5):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0825 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 86 ) Application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors is an effective way to reduce nitrogen fertilizer rate and improve N (nitrogen) use efficiency of wheat. The application effects of urease inhibitors N-butylthiophosphoramide (NBPT) and hydroquinone (HQ) and nitrification inhibitors 3,4-dimthylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) under the condition of 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction on wheat yield, N use efficiency, nutrient uptake and soil fertility were explored by a field experiment. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors could increase wheat yield and N use efficiency compared with 100% urea treatment (CK), among which the positive effect of DMPP was the greatest (P<0.05). The four nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors increased soil pH and decreased soil available phosphorus content, but had no effect on the content of soil organic matter and available potassium, compared with CK. DCD and DMPP increased the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen compared with CK, while NBPT and HQ had the opposite effect. DMPP and HQ increased the content of plant nitrogen and phosphorus compared with CK, while DCD and NBPT decreased the content. The four nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors decreased the plant potassium content compared with CK. In short, DMPP and HQ have the best positive effect on wheat yield and N use efficiency, and can alleviate soil acidification.

  Heavy Metals in Main Crops and Soil in East Hainan: Enrichment Characteristics and Correlation Analysis WANG Peng, WANG Junguang, CHEN Yang, XU Guoqiang, ZHANG Gucheng, ZENG Guanghua, ZHANG Dongqiang 2023, 39 (5):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0139 Abstract + ( 187 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1141KB )   ( 44 ) By outdoor sample collection and indoor analysis, the heavy metal contents of main crops and soil in east Hainan were analyzed. The results showed that soil As was unstable with the variable coefficient of 1.58, and the contents of Zn and Pb were more uniform in the study area. The soil heavy metals were positively correlated, which might have homology. The variable coefficient of heavy metals was less than 0.50 in rice and pepper, and the content of heavy metals was uniform. The variable coefficient of As (1.2) was unstable in Areca catechu, with nonuniform content, while the contents of Zn and Pb were uniform. There were positive and negative correlations among the heavy metals in rice, pepper and Areca catechu, but the number of positive correlations was more than that of negative correlations in pepper and Areca catechu. There was obvious synergistic absorption among the heavy metals. Heavy metals in agricultural products mainly came from soil absorption, however, the content of heavy metals in fresh Areca catechu was higher than that in soil. The enrichment ability of rice and pepper to Zn, Cr, As, Pb, Cu and Cd was weak, but that of Areca catechu was relatively strong.

  Effects of Selenium Application Methods on Selenium Distribution, Yield and Quality of Pueraria thomsonii Benth WANG Yan, YANG Yuanning, HUANG Liankang, WANG Xueli, OU Kunpeng 2023, 39 (5):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0101 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 51 ) A randomized block trial was conducted to study the effects of single application of selenium-containing organic fertilizer (C1), single application of foliar selenium fertilizer (C2), mixed application of selenium-containing organic fertilizer and foliar selenium fertilizer (C3) on the yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii Benth and the absorption and transfer of selenium in different organs of the plant. No selenium fertilizer application was taken as the control (CK). The results showed that the selenium content of various organs of P. thomsonii Benth had no significant increase under treatment C1. The selenium content of root tuber under treatment C2 was 71.0% higher than that under treatment C1, while the selenium content of root tuber under treatment C3 was 110.1% higher than that under treatment C1. The leaf/root tuber transport coefficient of treatment C2 was 902.9% higher than that of treatment C1, which indicated that a large amount of selenium was transported from leaves to roots. The root tuber yield and selenium accumulation amount of P. thomsonii Benth treated with C2 and C3 were significantly higher than those treated with control and C1. Treatment C1, C2 and C3 could increase the puerarin content of P. thomsonii Benth, but there was no significant difference among different selenium application methods. To sum up, for P. thomsonii Benth, the overall effect of single application of foliar selenium fertilizer on improving the yield, quality and selenium accumulation of P. thomsonii Benth was better than that of selenium-containing organic fertilizer. The foliar regulation mode could transfer more selenium to the underground part of P. thomsonii Benth, while the mixed application of selenium-containing organic fertilizer and foliar selenium fertilizer could promote the absorption and accumulation of selenium in the root tubers of P. thomsonii Benth.

  Effects of Vegetable Residue Compost on Ginger Yield and Soil Environment in Root Zone XIE Kunhao, SHI Aokun, DI Qinghua, CHEN Ru, LI Yansu, YU Xianchang, CHEN Shuangchen, HE Chaoxing 2023, 39 (5):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0304 Abstract + ( 167 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1251KB )   ( 48 ) To investigate the effects of different vegetable residue compost on the improvement of ginger root zone soil, the influence of conventional fertilization (CK), ginger residue compost (T1) and tomato residue compost (T2) on soil nutrient content, physical and chemical properties, and biological properties and the yield of ginger were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the application of vegetable residue compost, especially T2, could significantly improve soil enzyme activity, increase soil nutrient content and enhance soil physical and chemical properties, and then promote the growth and increase the yield of ginger. T2 increased the content of soil organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in ginger root zone by 17.35%, 19.75%, 21.66%, 19.54% and 37.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, T2 also increased the activity of soil urease, sucrase and neutral phosphatase by 55.89%, 57.21% and 35.60%, respectively. The plant height, branch number, root activity and leaf pigment content of ginger under T2 increased significantly, which raised the yield by 30.53%. In conclusion, the application of vegetable residue compost is beneficial to improving the soil environment of ginger root zone, thus increasing the ginger yield and maintaining the health of ginger rhizosphere soil.

  Efficient Resource Utilization of Vegetable Waste SUN Kexin, GUO Ranran, WANG Ziming, HUO Ruipeng, SUN Yangyang, ZHAI Sheng, WANG Juyuan 2023, 39 (5):  92-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0768 Abstract + ( 185 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1476KB )   ( 48 ) Vegetable waste is rich in nutrients and nutrient substances, and has a high value of resource utilization. However, it has not been well utilized, causing resource waste and environmental pollution. This paper introduces five ways of resource utilization of vegetable waste, including vegetable waste used as fertilizer, substrate, feed, energy and environmental protection materials, in order to provide reference for resource utilization of vegetable waste.

  Response of Soil Available Nutrients and Bulk Density to Straw Returning in North China SUN Liyang, XU Minggang, WANG Jinfeng, LI Jianhua, LIU Ping, SUN Nan 2023, 39 (5):  100-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0107 Abstract + ( 183 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1619KB )   ( 46 ) To explore the effects of straw returning on soil available nutrients and bulk density in north China, we set the keywords ‘straw returning’, ‘physical and chemical properties’, ‘north China’, ‘northeast China’ and ‘northwest China’ in databases such as CNKI and Wanfang. 60 literature about the effects of straw returning on crop yield and soil improvement and the influencing factors were screened. Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively study the response of soil available nutrients and bulk density to straw returning and the influencing factors. The results showed that straw returning could significantly (P<0.05) increase the content of soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium, and reduce soil bulk density to a certain extent. The improvement of soil available nutrients by straw returning in north China was significantly higher than that in northeast China and northwest China. The reduction effect on soil bulk density in northwest China was lower than that in north China and northeast China. Medium and high amounts of straw returning (5000-10000 kg/hm2 and 10000-15000 kg/hm2) could significantly increase the content of soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium. Low amount of straw returning (≤5000 kg/hm2) had no significant effect on soil bulk density, while ultra-high amount of straw returning (>15000 kg/hm2) significantly decreased soil bulk density (P<0.05). Compared with rotary tillage, deep tillage and shallow tillage, no tillage could significantly (P<0.05) increase the content of soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium. In addition, deep tillage could significantly (P<0.05) decrease soil bulk density. Both wheat and corn straw had significant effects on the improvement of soil bulk density and available nutrients, but there was no significant difference between the two kinds of straw. Returning medium and high amounts of straw to field combined with no tillage could significantly increase soil basic nutrients’ contents and improve soil physical and chemical properties, which is a reasonable way to promote soil fertility in north China.

  Evaluating Fertile Topsoil Construction in Aeolian-sandy Soil in Northeast China Based on Tillage Index LI Qing, MIAO Shujie, QIAO Yunfa 2023, 39 (5):  109-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0134 Abstract + ( 163 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 39 ) Evaluating the impact of fertile topsoil construction model on the quality of Aeolian-sandy soil in northeast China can provide a scientific basis for the selection of reasonable construction model in this area. Systematic clustering method was used to establish the minimum data set (MDS) of evaluating index of the fertile topsoil. Combined with the tillage index of the minimum data set (TI-MDS), the construction quality of the topsoil in Aeolian-sandy soil in northeast China was quantitatively evaluated across five different construction models, including conventional tillage, no tillage, breaking the plough pan, conventional tillage plus organic fertilizer and ploughing plus straw returning. Nash effective coefficient (Ef) and relative deviation coefficient (Er) were used to verify the quality. The results showed that the mean value of the full data set (TI-TDS) and TI-MDS was 0.47 and 0.48, respectively, positive correlations were shown between TI-TDS and TI-MDS (R=0.958**), and between TI-MDS and corn yield (R=0.895**). The Ef and Er were 0.909 and 0.017, respectively, which indicated that the TI-MDS was reasonable and suitable to evaluate the topsoil quality of Aeolian-sandy soil. According to the tillage index, compared to conventional tillage, the construction model of conventional tillage plus organic fertilizer could improve soil quality by a level from medium to high. However, the topsoil quality did not show significant difference among no tillage, breaking the plough pan and ploughing plus straw returning. In summary, in agricultural production process in Aeolian-sandy soil in northeast China, the construction model of conventional tillage combined with organic fertilizer is worthy of recommending.

  Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Duration from 1961 to 2020 in Dingxi SHANG Junlin, LEI Jun, YAO Yubi, YAO Rui, LU Guoyang, LUAN Zhenbin, CHANG Jinhui 2023, 39 (5):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0132 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 91 ) To analyze the variation characteristics of sunshine duration in Dingxi City, the data of Dingxi Meteorological Observation Station from 1961 to 2020 was used, and the involved elements were: sunshine duration, precipitation, relative humidity, cloud amount and water vapor pressure. The interdecadal, interannual, seasonal and monthly variation characteristics of sunshine duration were analyzed by using the linear trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and path analysis. In addition, the main meteorological factors affecting the variation of sunshine duration were discussed. The results showed that: the annual sunshine duration in Dingxi City had obvious interdecadal variation characteristics from 1961 to 2020, and the sunshine duration significantly decreased in the 1980s and 2000s (P<0.05) and its fluctuating trend also decreased with a linear tendency rate of -10.7 h/10 a (P<0.05). The maximum value of annual sunshine duration was 2790.2 h, which appeared in 1963, the minimum value of annual sunshine duration was 2159.7 h, which appeared in 1988, and the range was 810.5 h. The annual sunshine duration had abrupt change in 1967 and 1993. The sunshine duration showed obvious seasonal variation characteristics, which increased in spring with a linear tendency rate of 5.1 h/10 a, but decreased in summer, autumn and winter, and the decrease rate in summer was the largest (-8.9 h/10 a). There were differences in the variation trend of monthly sunshine duration, it decreased significantly in June (P<0.05), but not obvious (P>0.05) in other months. Sunshine duration had extremely obvious negative correlation with precipitation, relative humidity, cloud amount and water vapor pressure, and the main meteorological factors affecting sunshine hours were different in different seasons. The most obvious effect of meteorological factors on sunshine duration was found in autumn (R=0.862), and that in spring came the second. Relative humidity made the greatest contribution to the change of spring and annual sunshine duration variation, but it was the total cloud amount that mostly affected the sunshine duration change in summer, autumn and winter. This study can provide important reference for the efficient utilization of climate resources under the background of climate warming.

  Study on Non-point Source Pollution Load of Liangtan River Basin Based on SWAT Model TANG Jie, CHEN Yao, CHENG Qiming 2023, 39 (5):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0156 Abstract + ( 136 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1680KB )   ( 25 ) To grasp the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in Liangtan River Basin, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model of nitrogen and phosphorus load was constructed based on spatial and meteorological data. The model was calibrated and verified by monitoring data, and the main non-point source pollution sources of each sub-basin were evaluated by projection pursuit method. The results showed that the model had good applicability in the study area, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions were mainly concentrated in the wet season (May to September), accounting for 76% of the whole year. Nitrogen and phosphorus load was mainly from pesticides and fertilizers, and the total nitrogen emission was the main part. Spatially, surface runoff pollution was dominant in the central part of the basin, while soil erosion was more serious in the western part of the basin, and the pollution load was closely related to sediment discharge.

  Egg Laying Rate of Huoyan Goose Increases Fertilization Rate of Carlos Male Goose YU Jincheng, YU Ning, YANG Shu, YU Qianqian, LI Zhe 2023, 39 (5):  131-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0767 Abstract + ( 238 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 31 ) In order to study the effect of female geese with different egg laying rates on the fertilization rate of male geese under natural mating conditions, and to explore the synchronization of breeding geese, we selected 297 healthy adult Huoyan geese and 198 Carlos geese from the same batch, and divided the geese randomly into 3 groups with 3 repetitions in each group, and fed the geese in groups according to the ratio of 1 male: 4 females. The experiment set up hybrid group of Carlos male goose and Huoyan female goose (33 Carlos♂ and 132 Huoyan geese♀, KH group), Huoyan goose breed group (♂33 and ♀132, HH group) and Carlos goose breed Group (♂33 and ♀132, KK group), and measured and analyzed the egg laying rate and egg fertilization rate. The results showed that the egg laying rate of Huoyan goose was significantly higher than that of Carlos goose (P<0.05); the correlation coefficients between egg laying rate and fertilization rate of KH and KK groups were R=0.902 (P<0.01) and R=0.789 (P<0.01), respectively; and the egg laying rate of Huoyan goose increased the reproductive performance of Carlos male goose (P<0.05). The study shows that Huoyan female goose in the egg laying period can stimulate the male goose to maintain certain fertilization ability, and improve the reproductive performance of the male goose in the ceased period.

  Management Strategy and Technology of Animal Manure in Europe GUO Changlian, LI Yongping, TANG Yun, ZHU Jiaoning, PANG Zhenpeng 2023, 39 (5):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0142 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 44 ) This paper discussed animal manure management strategies and technologies in Europe. The strategies were determined mainly by the development of local animal husbandry and environmental and economic factors. Two situations were discussed: one was that the manure generated by local breeding farms could be applied locally when the scale of animal husbandry was moderate; the other was that the manure produced by local breeding farms exceeded local land carrying capacity. Under the second situation, how to deal with the exceeded manure and remove the nutrients should be considered. Main manure treatment technologies applied in Europe included acidification, solid-liquid separation, composting, anaerobic digestion, aerobic biological treatment, concentration by vacuum evaporation, thermal drying, ammonia stripping and absorption, filtration and reverse osmosis, plant purification, etc.

  Morphological Differences Between Male and Female Populations of Gymnocypris chilianensis ZHAO Zhongmeng, HUANG Zhipeng, ZHAO Han, ZHANG Lu, DUAN Yuanliang, MU Chengyan, ZHOU Jian, LI Qiang 2023, 39 (5):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0084 Abstract + ( 385 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 38 ) To identify the sex of Gymnocypris chilianensis quickly and exactly, this paper studied morphological information of 100 Gymnocypris chilianensis samples collected from Sulehe River in Gansu Province and established a discrimination model of male and female individuals. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis and R-cluster analysis were adopted. ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences in eight standardized characteristics (body height, body thickness, dorsal kiss distance, dorsal fin base length, head thickness, posterior head length, eye diameter, mouth fissure width) and body length and weight between male and female populations (P<0.05). Based on the analysis of the morphological index system by principal component analysis and R-cluster analysis, G. chilianensis was classified by body size. On the basis of the analysis, 15 characteristics were screened and the discriminate equations were built for classification of the 100 samples with an accuracy rate of 92%. Therefore, it is concluded that the female G. chilianensis collected from Sulehe River are superior to males in body height and body thickness, but have smaller interorbital diameter, oral fissure length and dorsal fin length. The findings can be used in sex identification of G. chilianensis and provide basic information for its reproduction.

  Effect Comparison of Three Tissue Fixation Solutions on Liver Section Quality of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) QIN Hongyu, GAO Yuntao, GAO Yunhong, LI Mingyue, JIA Yudong 2023, 39 (5):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0097 Abstract + ( 140 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1736KB )   ( 34 ) In order to identify the influence of three fixation solutions on the quality of paraffin section of turbot liver tissue, and select the best fixation solution, in this study, three fixation solutions, Bouin fixation solution, Davidson fixation solution and 4% Paraformaldehyde (PFA), were used to fix the turbot liver tissue, and paraffin sections were prepared. The morphological characteristics of the tissue cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and immunohistochemical staining. The integrity and immunohistochemical positive rate of hepatocyte were analyzed by statistical methods. The results showed that there were significant differences in the fixation effect of the three fixation solutions on paraffin sections of turbot liver tissue. Clear structure and complete morphology of hepatocyte were observed after H-E staining with Bouin fixation solution. However, the hepatocyte manifested dissolved and unclear structure by Davidson fixation solution, but the nucleocytoplasmic boundary could be distinguished. 4% PFA fixation solution showed bright color of hepatocyte, but the boundary of nucleus and plasma was not clear. The percentage of intact hepatocytes after 4% PFA fixation was significantly lower than that after Bouin and Davidson fixation solutions treatment (P<0.05), Bouin and Davidson fixation solutions showed no significant difference (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the positive rate of hepatic proliefrating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical staining among the three fixation solutions, and that of Bouin fixation solution was significantly higher than 4% PFA and Davidson fixation solutions (P<0.05). In conclusion, Bouin fixation solution is the optimal selection for turbot hepatic H-E or immunohistochemical staining for observing tissue cell structure and cell proliferation.

  Characteristics Analysis of Phycosphere Bacteria and Algal Bacterial Communities of Shell Conchocelis of Porphyrahaitanensis with White Spot Disease MIAO Fan, LIU Xin, LIN Gang, CHEN Yanting, LIU Yanfei, ZHENG Yi 2023, 39 (5):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0562 Abstract + ( 168 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1934KB )   ( 39 ) Porphyrahaitanensis is one of the most valuable marine economic crops. The shell conchocelis white spot disease has seriously affected the healthy development of Porphyrahaitanensis seedling industry. The study on the epiphytic bacterial community of shell conchocelis and the bacterial community in the phycosphere of Porphyrahaitanensis white spot disease can provide a basis for elucidating the pathogenic microecological mechanism of white spot disease. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, this study analyzed the community structure of healthy and diseased shell conchocelis epiphytic bacteria and phycosphere bacteria and their effects on shell conchocelis. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of epiphytic bacteria on the conchocelis of white spot shellfish decreased, and the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the phycosphere increased. There were significant differences in the bacterial community structure between the healthy pool water and the pool water with white spot disease. Proteobacteria and bacteroidota were the dominant bacteria in water samples from healthy pools and pools suffering from white spot disease, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in water source; Nautella and Vibrio were dominant bacteria in the shell conchocelis body water with white spot disease. Among the epiphytic bacteria of white spot shell conchocelis, the abundance of Geobacillus was 18.25%, while that of healthy shell conchocelis was only 0.05%, with a highly significant difference. The high abundance of Vibrio in the water body of the cultivation pond and the high abundance of Geobacillus on the shell conchocelis are both important causes of Porphyrahaitanensis shell conchocelis white spot disease. The stability of the community structure of phycosphere bacteria and shell conchocelis epiphytic bacteria is the key factor in the seedling raising of Porphyrahaitanensis.