Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.24 Published:25 August 2023

  Effects of Seeding Rate on Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rice Under Mechanized Hole-direct-seeding Cultivation WEN Kai, YANG Wuguang, WANG Jun, QIU Jingtao 2023, 39 (24):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0741 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 34 ) To explore effects of seeding rate on main agronomic traits and yield of rice under mechanized hole-direct-seeding cultivation, ‘Nanjing 5718’, a high-quality rice variety, was used as the material for the experiment in 2021. There were 6 seeding rates, 60.0, 75.0, 90.0, 105.0, 120.0, and 135.0 kg/hm2, respectively, and the main agronomic traits, yield and yield components of rice population were analyzed. The results showed that the effective panicle number first increased and then decreased with the increase of the seeding rate, and reached the highest level in the 105.0 kg/hm2 treatment. Grain number per spike showed good performance at 105.0 kg/hm2 and 120.0 kg/hm2 treatment levels. The seed setting rate decreased with the increase of the seeding rate, and the highest seed setting rate was 9.7 percentage points higher than the lowest seed setting rate. The change of 1000-grain weight was not significant. The theoretical yield was consistent with the trend of effective panicle performance, and the yield in 105.0 kg/hm2 treatment was the highest, reaching 12105.3 kg/hm2. Biomass per stem, panicle weight per stem, total biomass and total panicle weight all increased first and then decreased, and reached the highest level in 105.0 kg/hm2 treatment, which was conducive to the accumulation and transformation of nutrients. However, plant height and basal internodes were relatively high at 105.0 kg/hm2 treatment level, and special attention should be paid to prevent lodging. In a word, when the seeding rate of ‘Nanjing 5718’ under mechanized hole-direct-seeding cultivation is 105.0 kg/hm2, the comprehensive trait is excellent and the yield is high. The practice is worth popularizing.

  Effects of Foliar Spraying Wood Vinegar on Rice Agronomic Characters and Yield ZHU Kunmiao, GU Sicheng, GENG Molin, PENG Xitian, SHEN Jing, HU Liyong 2023, 39 (24):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0619 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 34 ) Wood vinegar is formed by the condensation of smoke generated during biochar production. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of wood vinegar on rice growth and yield. Rice variety ‘Tianliangyou 14’ was used as experimental material, and 100 and 300 times diluted wood vinegar was sprayed 1-3 times at tillering, booting and heading stages, respectively, to determine agronomic indexes. The results showed that spraying wood vinegar with different dilution times at different growth stages increased the rice yield by 1.7%-16.9%, and the biomass by 10.0%-24.8%, the number of effective panicles by 12.7%-23.7%, the total number of grains by 6.2%-22.3%, the number of effective grains by 6.6%-18.8%, except for spraying wood vinegar one time with 100 times dilution. Meanwhile, the plant height of rice was significantly increased by 2.7%-9.2%, the number of tillers was increased by 10.9%-46.7%, and SPAD was increased by 2.1%-27.1%. The effect of spraying two or three times with 300 times dilution was better, and there was no significant difference between spraying two and three times. In summary, wood vinegar with 300 times dilution can promote rice growth and increase rice yield. Generally, it is a good strategy to spray once at the tillering and booting stages, respectively.

  Japonica Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province: Yield Components Analysis and Correlation Analysis Between Disease Resistance and Yield CHEN Wei, SONG Jinhua, XIA Zhonghua, JIN Yangang, LIU Hailang, WEI Wanjuan, ZHAO Qibing, REN Yangtao, YANG Yongle, CHANG Dongwei, LI Zhenfu, ZHANG Fan, ZHENG Yayue, XIE Mengping 2023, 39 (24):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0631 Abstract + ( 96 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1116KB )   ( 24 ) In order to provide the reference for breeding japonica rice with high yield and disease resistance and the high-yield cultivation in the field in Jiangsu Province, this study analyzed the yield components and conducted correlation analysis between disease resistance and yield of 164 japonica rice varieties which was approved in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2021. The results showed that the variability coefficients of yield components from large to small were as follows: grain number> panicle number > 1000-grain weight. The correlation between yield components and yield from strong to weak were: panicle number > p grain number > 1000-grain weight. The direct diameter coefficient from high to low was as follows: grain number > 1000-grain weight > panicle number. The indirect diameter coefficient showed that there was an obvious mutual constraint among the three yield components, with the mutual constraint effect between grain number and 1000-grain weight being particularly significant. The correlation analysis between disease resistance and yield showed that the correlation degree ranks from: blast> sheath blight > stripe disease > Xanthomonas oryzae. According to the analysis results, in the breeding of high-yield and disease-resistant varieties and high-yield cultivation of japonica rice in Jiangsu Province, attention should be paid to maintaining a reasonable number of panicles, increasing the grain number and1000-grain weight, as well as strengthening the resistance to various diseases, especially rice blast.

  Research Progress of High Protein Forage Maize DU Ming, LI Qianlong, KANG Yunhai, ZHENG GUOLi, FANG Yu 2023, 39 (24):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0536 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1111KB )   ( 45 ) Research on forage maize can effectively promote the development of animal husbandry. In order to accelerate the progress of forage maize, this paper reviewed the regulation mechanism and breeding process of quality protein maize. Meanwhile, the characteristics and breeding process of high protein silage maize were introduced in detail. The problems existing in the development of quality protein maize and high protein silage maize were pointed out, and some relevant suggestions were put forward in order to promote the structural reform of maize from food crop to feed crops in China.

  Optimized Nitrogen Fertilizer Management for Maize in Beijing under Different Soil Fertility Levels ZHAO Kaili, LI Quanhui, LIU Yu, LI Ping, CHEN Juan, YAN Fang, YAN Shi, GUO Ning 2023, 39 (24):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0725 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 19 ) We conducted a field experiment of maize under different soil fertility levels. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on maize yield, recovery efficiency of N and N uptake were studied. By comparing yield, recovery efficiency of N, the recommended nitrogen application rate was integrated to reduce the environmental risks of soil nitrogen caused by excessive fertilizer input. The experiments were under high, medium and low soil fertility levels, and there were four nitrogen (N) treatments, including no fertilizer (N0), recommended fertilization (OPT), low nitrogen application (N50, 50% of N rate based on OPT) and high nitrogen application (N150, 150% of of N rate based on OPT). The maize yields, N uptake, recovery efficiency of N were measured. The nitrogen application rate, yield and recovery efficiency of N were respectively compared when the curves reached the theoretical maximum, the recommended nitrogen application rates of high and medium fertility farmland were obtained comprehensively. The results showed that the maize yields of different soil fertility levels were in the order of high fertility field > medium fertility field > low fertility field. Contribution of inherent soil productivity had the same trend. OPT had the highest yield among all treatments, the yield of high fertility field was 11865.2 kg/hm2, which was 19.3% higher than that of N0, the yield of medium fertility field was 11458.4 kg/hm2, 29.6% higher than that of N0, and the yield of low fertility field was 10163.1 kg/hm2, 43.0% higher than that of N0. By fitting the quadratic curve between yield and N application rate, it was found that increasing N application rate in low fertility field could not achieve the yield of high fertility field. Improving the soil fertility of low fertility field was more necessary. The N uptake under different soil fertility levels was followed: high fertility field > medium fertility field > low fertility field (except OPT treatment under medium fertility field). The recovery efficiency of N, N uptake, OPT was higher than that of other treatments. Among them, recovery efficiency of N of medium fertility field was 35.8%, higher than that of low fertility field (27.0%), and high fertility field (24.8%). By comparing the N application rate, yield, recovery efficiency of N when the theoretical yield and the theoretical recovery efficiency of N reached the maximum, it was concluded that the yield could be increased in medium fertility field by increasing N application rate when differential of recovery efficiency of N was small, the recommended N application rate was 162.4 kg/hm2. By small differential of yield, N application rate should be controlled to improve the recovery efficiency of N in high fertility field, the recommended N application rate was 143.3 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Application Rate on Yield, Protein Content and Lodging Resistance of Quinoa in Barren Land ZHAO Xi, WANG Zhihe, ZHANG Yaping, SU Cuicui, MA Fengjie, WANG Zhenlong, ZHANG Jing 2023, 39 (24):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0715 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 31 ) To provide a scientific basis for the application of potassium fertilizer in barren land for high-yield and high-quality quinoa cultivation, the effects of different potassium fertilizer application rates (0, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg/hm2) on dry matter accumulation, yield and grain protein content of quinoa were studied. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of quinoa increased with the growth of quinoa, and the dynamic change could be fitted by Logistic equation. The dry matter accumulation rate increased first and then decreased with a single peak curve. 55 days after seedling emergence, the growth indexes of quinoa, such as plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content, were significantly increased under T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared with those under T0 (without potassium fertilizer). The application of potassium fertilizer prolonged the occurrence time of the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of quinoa, and the higher the potassium application rate, the longer the extension time was. When the application rate of potassium fertilizer was 80 kg/hm2, quinoa had the best yield and the highest protein content (6519.10 kg/hm2 and 7.81%, respectively). In conclusion, 80 kg/hm2 could be the optimal potassium fertilizer application rate for quinoa cultivation in the test area.

  Application of Peanut Regulation Technology SHANG Na, LI Qiuzhi, LI Haitao, YU Fagang 2023, 39 (24):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0710 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1062KB )   ( 44 ) The rational application of peanut regulation technology has a great impact on peanut production. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole are two triazole plant growth inhibitors commonly used in peanut production. This paper mainly reviewed the application of paclobutrazol and uniconazole in regulating peanut growth and development, increasing yield, improving quality and enhancing stress resistance, expounded the pesticide residue problem of paclobutrazol and uniconazole, and put forward methods to reduce the residues. It can provide scientific guidance for the application of paclobutrazol and uniconazole in peanut production in the future.

  Sesame Quality Traits in Different Environments: Genetic Variation Study CUI Xianghua, ZHOU Rong, XU Guizhen, GAO Dexue, TANG Xuehui, ZHANG Shaoze, LIANG Junchao, WANG Linhai 2023, 39 (24):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0998 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 24 ) To analyze the variations of sesame quality traits in different ecological environments, eight sesame varieties were planted in 13 experimental sites in China. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and near infrared spectrum (NIR) analysis were applied for quality evaluation. The results showed that the average contents of oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, sesamin and sesamolin of the 8 sesames were 55.43%, 38.88%, 46.16%, 8.63%, 4.56 mg/g and 2.70 mg/g, respectively. The oil content gradually increased and then decreased with the increase of latitude. Xiangyang site had the highest oil content, with the average of 57.50%, and it was significantly higher than those in other experimental sites. The average contents of sesamin and sesamolin in Ili site were the highest with the average of 5.58 mg/g and 3.60 mg/g, respectively. The sesamin and sesamolin contents in other experimental sites firstly increased and then decreased from north to south. It suggested that Xiangyang site was more suitable for planting sesame with high oil content, while Ili site was suitable for cultivating sesame with high sesamin and sesamolin contents.

  Saline-Alkali Tolerant Endophytic Bacteria in Tomato: Screening, Identification and Functional Study LU Yuxin, ZHAO Wenjuan, BAI Yani, FENG Zhizhen, YAN Hong, QIN Tao 2023, 39 (24):  50-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0940 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2070KB )   ( 52 ) This study aimed to explore the resources of saline-alkali tolerant endophytic bacteria and to provide new strain resources for the development of endophytic fertilizer and biocontrol products. Using ‘Jinpeng No. 8’ tomato as plant material, five different types of saline-alkali environment were simulated, endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA molecular method, and then the function of bacteria were screened by plating method. A total of 14 strains of saline-alkali tolerant endophytic bacteria were obtained in this study, among which 5 strains had the ability to solve inorganic phosphorus, 2 strains had the ability to dissolve potassium, 2 strains were capable of nitrogen fixation, and 4 strains had the ability to produce auxin; 6 strains had the ability to produce iron carriers, the highest diameter ratio (D/d) was 2.95; 10 strains had the ability to produce protease, and the highest diameter ratio (D/d) was 2.97. The antagonistic results showed that 8 strains of saline-alkali tolerant endophytic bacteria could inhibit the pathogen of apple tree rot, and the inhibition rate was 13.70%-68.56%. Bacillus sp. BFG 3-3, BFG 5-1 and Streptomyces violascens BFY 2-2 showed antagonistic against 6-7 strains of common fruit and vegetable pathogens, exhibiting broad spectrum antibacterial activity. In this study, saline-alkali tolerant endophytic bacteria with the potentials of promoting plant growth and antagonism against pathogens were obtained, which provided theoretical basis for the application of endophytic bacteria in the amendment of saline-alkali soil.

  Effects of Simulated Mechanical Pruning on Shoot Growth and Fruit Setting of Litchi cv. Feizixiao WANG Jing, GUO Dongliang, LV Xinmin, HUANG Xinxin, HAN Dongmei, LI Jianguang 2023, 39 (24):  59-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0757 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1560KB )   ( 23 ) To explore the optimal pruning intensity and mechanized pruning mode of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi, ‘Feizixiao’ litchi was used as the material, the effects of pruning intensities and four simulated mechanized pruning methods on the growth of shoots and fruit settings were compared. The four mechanized pruning methods were hedging southern side of canopy (HSP), hedging northern side of canopy (HNP), hedging eastern side of canopy (HEP) and topping the canopy (TP). The results showed that the photosynthetic effective radiation in the canopy and chlorophyll content of mature leaves on the shoots differed significantly among pruning intensities, and the effect of middle TP pruning with branch diameter of 2.0-2.5 cm was the best. The middle TP treatment significantly increased the length and diameter of last shoots compared with the middle hedging pruning. But the middle HEP had the highest starch content of last shoots and their leaves, which improved the yield. In conclusion, middle TP and HEP pruning after fruit picking can significantly improve the shoot quality and yield of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi; they are appropriate mechanized pruning intensity and pruning method for ‘Feizixiao’ litchi.

  Function, Assessment, Management and Conservation of Agrobiodiversity in the Context of Sustainable Agriculture SONG Yingjie, LONG Chunlin 2023, 39 (24):  69-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0747 Abstract + ( 94 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 25 ) Agrobiodiversity is an important component of biodiversity and is an important guarantee for food security, agricultural ecosystem security and sustainable agricultural development. China possesses extremely rich agrobiodiversity and has achieved remarkable results in its research and conservation. This paper summarized the functions, evaluation methods, influencing factors, networking management and conservation methods of agrobiodiversity, expounded the necessity of agrobiodiversity conservation, reviewed the policies, regulations and progress of agrobiodiversity conservation in China, and highlighted challenges and deficiencies in agrobiodiversity. In terms of challenges in agrobiodiversity, the reasonable suggestions are proposed for the improvement of agrobiodiversity and sustainable development in China.

  Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Change in Kedong County in 2000-2020 WANG Jiahao, XIAO Yang, ZHANG Ruihao, WANG Yan, NIU Yuxuan, HE Xuyang 2023, 39 (24):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0750 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1680KB )   ( 29 ) Vegetation coverage is not only an index parameter for quantifying the surface coverage of plant communities, but also a basic parameter for quantitative research of remote sensing physical model. The change of vegetation coverage reflects the change of regional ecological environment. Taking Kedong County as the research area, and based on the remote sensing data sets of GlobeLand30 and Landsat from 2000 to 2020, the evolution trend of vegetation coverage was studied by means of remote sensing image interpretation and superposition analysis. The conclusions are as follows:(1) cultivated land was the main type of land use in the study area, and the land use type developed from cultivated land > grassland > woodland > water area > construction land > other land > special land to cultivated land > grassland > woodland > construction land > special land > water area > other land; (2) vegetation coverage types were advancing from low coverage to high coverage, showing a development trend from low to high as a whole; (3) among the land use types, the vegetation coverage of cultivated land, grassland, water area, construction land and other land showed an increasing trend, while the woodland remained unchanged, while the special land showed a decreasing trend. On the whole, the vegetation in Kedong County grew well from 2000 to 2020, and the vegetation coverage types developed from low coverage to high coverage, which showed a development trend on the basis of maintaining stability.

  Effects of Lysimachia christinae Hance—Rice Rotation on Soil Microbial Community Structure LIAN Han, HAN Rongrong, YANG Xiaoyu, TANG Xiangyou, ZHANG Xingcui, HU Kaizhi 2023, 39 (24):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0726 Abstract + ( 94 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 23 ) The analysis of changes of microbial community in the soil under the rotation of Lysimachia christinae Hance—rice was carried out to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient, high-yield and sustainable cultivation of Lysimachia christinae Hance. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities under the rotation of Lysimachia christinae Hance—rice. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of soil bacterial OTU under the rotation of Lysimachia christinae Hance—rice, while the number of soil fungal OUT decreased significantly. The diversity of bacteria, same as fungi, did not change significantly before and after the rotation. The richness of bacteria reduced significantly, but the richness of fungi did not change significantly. At the phylum level, a total of 22 bacterial phyla were detected in the soil including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinomycetes, etc., and a total of 8 fungal phyla were detected including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Cystobacteria, etc.. Except that the relative abundance of Acidobacteriaceae increased significantly after rice rotation, the relative abundances of other bacterial phyla and fungal phyla showed a decreasing trend. The Lysimachia christinae Hance—rice rotation could reduce the relative richness of soil microorganisms, especially the relative richness of fungi. The continuous cropping process would make the dynamic succession of soil microorganisms show a trend of increasing the number of fungi. This research could provide a theoretical basis on continuous cropping obstacles and disease reduction under continuous grass planting of Lysimachia christinae Hance.

  Research on the Variation Trend and Cycle of Low Temperature Disasters in China’s Major Grain Producing Areas TIAN Zhihui, MOU Dongming, LI Guang, LI Xiaoxue 2023, 39 (24):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0748 Abstract + ( 101 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 34 ) Based on the crop disaster rate of low-temperature disaster in major grain producing areas from 1971 to 2016, the variation trend and cycle of low temperature disaster were analyzed by Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test, Mann-Kendall mutation test and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the risk and loss of low-temperature disasters in major grain producing areas. The results showed that: (1) the crop disaster rate of low-temperature disaster had a significant increasing trend in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan and Shandong Provinces. (2) The mutation time of crop disaster rate of low- temperature disaster mainly occurred in the late 1980s, the early 1990s and the late 1990s. The period of significant increasing trend mainly occurred from late 1990s to early 21st century. (3) Low temperature disasters had the characteristics of quasi-3 years, quasi-6 years, quasi 11 years and quasi-24-year periods. However, it was mainly based on the quasi-3 years as the main fluctuation cycle.

  Construction of Flue-cured Tobacco Yield Forecast Model in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture Based on Key Meteorological Factors HE Na, FAN Yuxian, YUAN Xiaokang, ZHANG Mingfa, ZHANG Sheng 2023, 39 (24):  96-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0794 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 32 ) To provide scientific basis for decision-making and management of flue-cured tobacco production, the yield forecast model of flue-cured tobacco was studied. Based on the yield data and meteorological observation data of two main flue-cured tobacco varieties ‘Yunyan 87’ and ‘Xiangyan 7’ in the middle altitude area of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province from 2019 to 2021, correlation analysis was carried out between yield data and meteorological data in different growth stages to find out the key meteorological factors which affected yield, and stepwise regression was made between yield and key meteorological factors. Finally, the yield forecast models of flue-cured tobacco were established, and were tested by independent data. The results showed that the key meteorological factors which affected the yield of ‘Yunyan 87’ flue-cured tobacco were the average relative humidity in the prosperous mature period, the number of dry days in 50 days of the mature period, and the precipitation in 51-60 days after the prosperous mature period. The main meteorological factors which affected the yield of ‘Xiangyan 7’ flue-cured tobacco were the number of dry days in 50 days of the mature period, the effective accumulated temperature of 13℃ in the prosperous mature period, and the average temperature in 61-70 days after transplanting. The accuracy rates of back generation test and forecast test of ‘Yunyan 87’ yield forecast model were 94.6% and 97.5%, respectively, and the accuracy rates of back generation test and forecast test of ‘Xiangyan 7’ yield forecast model were 96.7% and 89.6%, respectively.

  Terpenoids in Plant Essence: Molecular Structure and Boiling Point Simulation GAO Guangqin, RU Guangxin, ZHU Xiuhong, HUANG Jiarong, SHEN Wenbo 2023, 39 (24):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0318 Abstract + ( 74 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 21 ) In order to accurately simulate the complex relationship between the molecular structure, molecular weight and boiling point of the compounds, 36 terpenoids in plant essence were studied in this essay. The topological index method was used to quantify the molecular structure, and artificial neural networks were applied to construct nonlinear models. The results show that the fitting accuracy of MSBPT with a 2:15:1 structure is 96%, and the prediction accuracy is 91%. The relationship between molecular structure and boiling point is strengthened by introducing molecular weight as an input variable. The artificial neural network is suitable for modeling the complex nonlinear relationship between the molecular structure of terpenoids and their boiling points, with high fitting and prediction accuracy. At the same time, the group contribution method has a wide application range and the topological index method has reliable data, which should be further studied in the field of forestry and agriculture.

  Graphene Materials in Agriculture: A Review CHENG Sha, LEI Yanhua, LI Huanting, Ding Mingshan 2023, 39 (24):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0800 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 23 ) Graphene-based materials have been widely used in the fields of electronics, biomedicine and environmental protection due to their unique structural characteristics and excellent physical and chemical properties. With the continuous breakthroughs in basic research on graphene, its industrial applications are expanding and have been gradually extended to the agricultural field. This paper reviewed the research progress of graphene-based materials in improving the utilization of agricultural chemicals, promoting crop growth and agricultural sensors. The authors analyzed the applications and action mechanism of graphene-enhanced compound fertilizers and nano-pesticides, and summarized that graphene-based materials could affect crop growth by stimulating the secretion of growth hormones, enhancing the stress resistance of crops and improving the soil environment. In agriculture, the application of graphene-based materials has shown great potential, but is still in the exploration stage. It is considered that the mechanism and influencing factors of graphene-based materials on crops should be further explored, their biosecurity should be evaluated comprehensively, and a complete application database should be established to realize the sustainable development after the integration of graphene and agriculture.

  The Pathogen of Sclerotinia Blight on Pinellia ternate: Identification, Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Screening WU Xiaolu, WANG Fanfan, TANG Tao, DUAN Yuanyuan, GUO Xiaoliang, YOU Jingmao 2023, 39 (24):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0580 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 31 ) In order to identify the pathogen, biological characteristics and effective fungicide of sclerotinia blight of Pinellia ternata in Hubei Province, this study isolated and identified the pathogen based on Koch’s postulates, morphology and molecular identification, and analyzed their biological characteristics. The toxicity measurement of five chemical fungicides and four biological fungicides were also tested by using the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the causal agent of sclerotinia blight was Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The optimum growth conditions for the pathogen BXH1 were pH 9, glucose for carbon and beef extract for nitrogen. Among the tested fungicides, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC, 50% fludioxonil WP, 8% flusilazole ME, 50% boscalid WG showed strong inhibitory effect on the pathogen with EC50 < 1 mg/L. The result of this study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of sclerotinia blight on P. ternata.

  Pathogen Identification and Screening of Fungicides Against Microsorum pteropus Anthracnose Disease CUI Yiping, SONG Xiaobing, YAN Jiechun, HUANG Feng, LING Jinfeng, PENG Aitian 2023, 39 (24):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0613 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1649KB )   ( 28 ) In order to clarify the pathogen causing Microsorum pteropus anthracnose disease in Gaoyao district, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, and to screen better effect fungicides against the disease indoor, the pathogen was obtained by using the tissue separation method. The representative isolates were verified according to Koch’s rule. Combined with morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree based on ITS, ACT, CAL and CHS-1 genes, the pathogen was identified, and the indoor toxicity of six fungicides (42.4% pyraclostrobin·metiram WG, 75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG, 35% 400 g/L fluopyram·tebuconazole SC, 325 g/L difenoconazole· azoxystrobin SC, 60% pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad WG, 10% difenoconazole WG) was determined by mycelia growth rate method. Colletotrichum fructicola was the pathogen causing anthracnose disease on Microsorum pteropus. The tested six fungicides had certain inhibitory effect on the mycelia growth of C. fructicola. Among them, 10% difenoconazole WG had the strongest inhibitory activity with moderate inhibitory concentration (EC50) of 0.1083 μg/mL. Followed by 325 g/L difenoconazole· azoxystrobin SC and 75% trifloxystrobin· tebuconazole WG, the above three fungicides can be recommended as field control agents.

  Potato Breeding Material in Kazakhstan: Viruses Identification and Dry Rot Resistance WANG Zhenzhen, AZIMAKHAN Moldir, SERIKOVA Zhuldyz, KHASSANOV Vadim, TULEEVA Asiya, ZHANG Zhikai, LV Dianqiu, HU Baigeng 2023, 39 (24):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0969 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1806KB )   ( 23 ) This paper aims to reveal the resistance of potato breeding materials to potato dry rot disease and the infection of potato virus disease. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Fusarium oxysporum infection were used to identify the virus infection status and dry rot resistance of 38 potato breeding materials. The results showed that the occurrence of potato virus disease in Akmola was complex, and there were multiple virus infections. Among 38 materials, 18 strains and 1 variety material were not infected with potato virus. The resistance identification of Fusarium oxysporum in 18 potato breeding materials, including 1 resistant material, 1 medium resistant material, and the rest not possessing disease resistance. The occurrence of potato virus diseases in the Aklamo region of Kazakhstan was complex, and it was necessary to pay attention to the detoxification of seed potatoes and the prevention and control of virus transmission. Dry rot resistant materials could be used as breeding parent materials.

  Four Food-derived Polysaccharides: Monosaccharide Composition and Their Inhibitory Effects on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus YIN Hong, ZHAO Shijing, XIAO Jiu, GAO Qifang, RAN Ganqiao, XU Dan 2023, 39 (24):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0712 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1576KB )   ( 21 ) The research aims to provide a possible alternative to the problem of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. With fungus, yam, lily and wolfberry as raw materials, water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, ion chromatography, crystal violet staining and other techniques were used to compare and analyze the monosaccharide composition of four kinds of foodborne polysaccharides and their inhibitory effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results showed that glucose was the main monosaccharide of the four polysaccharides. Auricularia polysaccharides had significant inhibitory effects on the growth, biofilm formation, cell adhesion and toxicity of MRSA. Lilium polysaccharide and yam polysaccharide only had significant inhibitory effect on the cell adhesion and toxicity of MRSA, but had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of MRSA and the formation of biofilm. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide had little inhibitory effect on MRSA. Auricularia auricularia polysaccharide has better inhibition ability against pathogenic bacteria MRSA than the other three foodborne polysaccharides. As a natural product with potential antibacterial applications against MRSA, it has the value of further characterization and optimization.

  Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure of Procymidone and Dimethomorph for Facility Tomato in Pingliang City of Gansu Province BAI Xinming, REN Jinping, BAI Xiaodong, FENG Wenxia, ZHANG Jimei 2023, 39 (24):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0743 Abstract + ( 122 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 16 ) 58 kinds of pesticides were determined by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS in the five-year municipal routine monitoring task undertaken by Pingliang Agricultural Products Quality Safety Inspection and Testing Center of Gansu Province from 2017 to 2021. The test data showed that the qualified rates of the residues of procymidone and dimethomorph were 100% in 232 tomato samples, but the detection rates were 21.55% and 6.03%, respectively, which were higher than other pesticides. Among the detected humus pesticides, 54% of the residues were distributed in the range of 0.02-0.22 mg/kg, and 79% of the detected dimethomorph pesticides were distributed in the range of 0.0001-0.1001 mg/kg, the detected residues were relatively concentrated, and the highest detected values of the two pesticides were lower than the maximum residual value of the pesticide (MRL). The results showed that the risks of chronic dietary intake were 1.21% and 0.165%, respectively, which were far less than 100%. Acute dietary intake risks were 8.06% and 0.291%, respectively, far less than 100%, and both acute and chronic risks were within the acceptable range. The risk scores were 10.43 and 10.12, respectively, indicating that the residual risk was relatively low and at a low risk level.

  Technology and Application of Climate Quality Evaluation for Crayfish YE Pei, LIU Zhixiong, LIU Kaiwen, LIU Kequn 2023, 39 (24):  149-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0742 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 29 ) Measuring the quality characteristics data of crayfish in different breeding periods by carrying out the staged seedling fishing experiment, and combining the daily meteorological data of Jingzhou National Meteorological Station from 1991 to 2020, the differences in the quality characteristics of crayfish in different breeding periods were analyzed by means of variance analysis, correlation analysis, stepwise regression and principal component methods, and the climate-sensitive quality indicators and the key meteorological factors were found out. The relationship model between climate-sensitive quality and key meteorological factors and a comprehensive index model of climate quality were established to determine the climate quality level of crayfish evaluation methods. Taking Jingzhou as an example, the climate quality of crayfish in different breeding periods was evaluated over the years. The results showed that there were differences in quality factors of crayfish in different breeding periods such as conventional nutrient components, texture characteristics, and amino acids. The valine and lysine in the amino acids and the elasticity, chewiness, resilience, and viscosity in the textural properties were significantly correlated with to the number of cloudy days of 1 to 35 days, the average temperature of 1 to 30 days, the average temperature of 1 to 35 days, the diurnal temperature difference of 1 to 20 days, the number of cloudy days of 1 to 20 days, and the number of rainy days of 1 to 20 days before the crayfish fishing. The comprehensive index characterization of crayfish climate quality was constructed based on quality factors such as valine, lysine, elasticity, chewiness, resilience, and stickiness, and was divided into four levels: extra excellent, excellent, good, and general, the corresponding thresholds of comprehensive index of climate quality were >0.83, 0.67-0.83, 0.52-0.67 and <0.52. The climate quality of crayfish in Jingzhou showed a trend of first poor and then good with the seedling time series. The quality of crayfish with the seedling period of April 5th-May 15th and September 5th-September 15th was better, and the quality of crayfish with the seedling period of July 15th-August 5th was poor. The evaluation model established in this study can be used as a crayfish climate quality evaluation method to carry out crayfish climate quality certification.

  Forage Plant Leaves of Captive Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii): Characteristics and Comprehensive Analysis of Main Mineral Elements LI Feiran, WANG Yongqi 2023, 39 (24):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0558 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 28 ) The aims were to understand the characteristics of mineral element contents in forage plant leaves of forest musk deer, and enrich the database of feed composition and nutritive value. Using 21 kinds of forage plant leaves for captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) as test materials, 8 mineral elements were analyzed by principal components (factors) and cluster analysis. The results showed that: (1) the average contents of mineral element were as follow: Ca(1.891±0.847)%, K(1.561±1.455)%, Mg(0.257±0.171)%, P(0.220±0.096)%, S(0.216±0.035)%, Fe (161.442±144.361) mg/kg, Zn (82.022±76.664) mg/kg, Cu(3.191±1.919)mg/kg. (2) The first three principal components (with eigenvalues >1) with a cumulative contribution rate of 77.107% were extracted, after variance maximum rotation, the loading coefficients of the first factor P, K, S, and Mg were higher, the second factor Cu and Fe were higher, and the third factor Ca and Zn were higher. (3) Q-type analysis was clustered into 6 categories, while R-type analysis was clustered into 4 categories, including Zn, Ca, Cu and Fe, and other elements. In summary, the content of S was relatively stable, Ca: P value (from3.16:1 to 26:1) was higher than the normal requirement ratio of the body, the content of Cu was generally low, which couldn't meet the daily requirement of adult musk deer, Mg was rich, Fe was low, and Zn and P couldn't partly meet the requirement; the comprehensive evaluation model of main mineral elements was established; the first factor was involved in acid-base balance, protein metabolism, and activation of various enzymes in musk deer, the second factor was related to various enzymes, tissue respiration, biological oxidation, and hematopoiesis function; the third factor reflected neural conduction, enzyme components or activation, etc.