Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.35 Published:15 December 2025

  Effects of Combined Application of Microbial Agents and Seaweed Fertilizer on Tobacco Leaf Quality and Phyllosphere Microorganisms CHEN Li, FAN Caiyin, SU Liang, HU Yajun, ZHANG Deyong, ZHU Chunhui, FENG Weiping, ZHOU Jindong, CHENG Ju’e, DU Xiaohua, SUN Shu’e 2025, 41 (35):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0762 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1832KB )   ( 13 ) To study the effects of combined application of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus velezensis, and seaweed-derived organic water-soluble fertilizer on tobacco leaf quality and phyllosphere microbial ecology, a field plot experiment was conducted with 6 treatments: 5×109 cfu/mL Rhodopseudomonas palustris GJ-22 diluted 300× (treatment 1, Rho); 5×109 cfu/mL R. palustris GJ-22 (300×)+150 g/L seaweed organic water-soluble fertilizer (1000×) (treatment 2, Rhor); 5×109 cfu/mL B. velezensis (300×) (treatment 3, Bav); 5×109 cfu/mL B. velezensis (300×)+150 g/L seaweed fertilizer (1000×) (treatment 4, Baor); 150 g/L seaweed fertilizer (1000×) (treatment 5, ORF); blank control (treatment 6, CK). Agronomic traits and main chemical components of tobacco were measured, and changes in the phyllosphere microbial community structure were analyzed. The results showed that treatment 2 significantly promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco, increased the relative proportion of C3F and C4F grades, and markedly improved the leaf quality; treatment 1 significantly increased total sugar content in leaves; treatment 2 and 4 significantly increased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria while reducing that of Bacteroidia in the phyllosphere; treatment 1 tended to increase the bacterial and fungal diversity in the phyllosphere, but its combination with organic water-soluble fertilizer did not significantly affect microbial diversity; treatment 3 had no significant effect on the bacterial diversity but significantly reduced fungal diversity; compared with treatment 5, it also significantly reduced the bacterial diversity in the phyllosphere. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the field application of microbial agents and organic water-soluble fertilizers.

  Influence of Nitrogen Application Rate, Organic Nitrogen Ratio, and Remained Leaf Number on Agronomic Characters, Yield, and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘K326’ in Chuxiong FU Yanyan, LU Yao, GENG Shaowu, GAO Youshou, CHAI Yunxia, BU Yunhong 2025, 41 (35):  9-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0283 Abstract + ( 22 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1216KB )   ( 16 ) The study investigates the effects of nitrogen application rate, organic nitrogen proportion and retained leaf number on the yield and quality of ‘K326’ flue-cured tobacco in Chuxiong region. Through systematic experimentation, we aim to determine the optimal combination of these three key cultivation factors to provide technical support for optimizing the cultivation measures of Chuxiong ‘K326’ and improving tobacco leaf yield and quality. L9(34) orthogonal experimental design was employed to study nitrogen application rate, organic nitrogen ratio and remained leaf number in Nanhua County of Chuxiong in 2023, and we analyzed the effects of these factors on the agronomic characters, economic characters and chemical composition of tobacco. Results showed that, the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2 had the best performance on comprehensive agronomic characters, and the internal chemical components of tobacco leaves were more coordinated, the nitrogen application rate of 120 kg/hm2 had the best performance on economic characters. Organic nitrogen ratio of 30% had the best performance on agronomic characters, and the internal chemical components of tobacco leaves were more coordinated, and organic nitrogen ratio of 10% had the best performance on yield and medium quality leaves ratio, organic nitrogen ratio of 20% had the best performance on output value, average price and high quality leaves ratio. Remained leaf number of 18 had the best performance on agronomic characters and economic characters, remained leaf number of 22 had the best performance on yield, when the number of remained leaves was 20, the internal chemical components of tobacco leaves were more coordinated. Considering the effects of nitrogen application rate, organic nitrogen ratio and remained leaf number, nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2, organic nitrogen ratio of 30% and remained leaf number of 20 had the best performance on agronomic characters and chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco; nitrogen application rate of 120 kg/hm2, organic nitrogen ratio of 10% and remained leaf number of 20 had the best performance on yield; nitrogen application rate of 120 kg/hm2, organic nitrogen ratio of 30% and remained leaf number of 10 had the best performance on output value, average price and high quality leaves ratio. Therefore nitrogen application rate of 120 kg/hm2, organic nitrogen ratio of 30% and remained leaf number of 18 was the best combination of this experiment. This can serve as a key cultivation technique for the tobacco variety ‘K326’ in Chuxiong to guide local tobacco production.

  Evaluation and Physiological Basis of Rice Starch Quality and Its Cultivation Regulation and Management Measures ZHANG Jianda, MENG Qinghao, WANG Shiwei, FENG Shangzong, ZHANG Hao 2025, 41 (35):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0188 Abstract + ( 22 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 5 ) In recent years, with the improvement of rice quality demand, the regulation of cultivation management on starch quality has become increasingly prominent. Here we systematically synthesize key starch metrics-pasting properties, crystallinity, granule morphology and amylose content, clarify the underlying physiology of photosynthesis, C-N metabolism and starch biosynthesis, and comprehensively evaluated the effects of fertilization, irrigation, temperature and light, planting density and harvest period on starch quality. Future work must integrate multi-factor interactions, gene-by-environment synergies and precision cultivation platforms to provide both the theoretical framework and technical support required for elite-quality rice production.

  Research Progress on Hybrid and Polyploid Breeding of Cymbidium hybridum ZHANG Haili, XU Zhenhuan, BAI Wei, HAN Julan, TANG Xiaohua, ZHANG Jingrong, ZHANG Jun 2025, 41 (35):  26-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0507 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 2 ) Cymbidium hybridum is a cultivar group derived from multi-generational hybrid breeding using germplasm resources of the Cymbidium genus (Orchidaceae), and it is extremely popular for the Lunar New Year season. At present, most domestic Cymbidium hybridum cultivars in China are mainly introduced from abroad, and the majority of them are old varieties. After multi-generational asexual propagation, these cultivars have suffered from severe characteristic degradation, which fails to meet the demands of consumers, making the renewal of cultivars an urgent need. To improve the breeding efficiency of Cymbidium hybridum, this paper systematically reviews the research progress in its hybrid breeding and polyploid breeding, and summarizes the application status of these two breeding methods. Specifically, for hybrid breeding, the core links—including pollen vitality determination, stigma receptivity determination, pollen storage, and parental selection—are emphasized; for polyploid breeding, the focus is placed on the ploidy basis and key technical points such as induction methods, induction materials, and inducing agents. Aiming at addressing the problems existing in current breeding practices—including long cycle and serious capsule abortion phenomenon in hybrid breeding, as well as low efficiency in polyploid breeding—this study proposes the following optimization suggestions: optimizing cultivation techniques to shorten the childhood period; applying molecular marker technology to assist parental selection, combining in vitro flowering technology to pre-evaluate the traits of hybrid progeny, thereby shortening the breeding cycle; strengthening research on the mechanism of capsule abortion occurrence and adopting different pollination methods to overcome hybrid breeding barriers; and enhancing exploration of various inducing agents, along with research and utilization of 2n gametes, to improve the efficiency of polyploid induction.

  Ecological Restoration Technology and Comprehensive Utilization of Molybdenum Tailings: A Review WANG Yulong, ZHU Guoyan, Yao Xirui, SONG Chen, ZHANG Longgang, CHANG Wei, ZHANG Mengmeng 2025, 41 (35):  37-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0803 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1725KB )   ( 4 ) The ecological restoration of mining areas is increasingly urgent due to the dual pressures of global climate change and biodiversity loss. As the main solid waste from mining, molybdenum tailings pose a direct threat to agricultural production environments and food safety due to their long-term accumulation, which not only occupies land but also induces soil acidification, water pollution, and a sharp decline in biodiversity, caused by their high content of heavy metals (such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As)) and acidic substances). Consequently, advancing the ecological restoration and resource utilization of molybdenum tailings is imperative. This paper systematically reviews two core strategies for addressing molybdenum tailings-related issues. First, it summarizes mainstream technologies for the ecological restoration of contaminated soil, including physical methods (such as soil introduction and electric remediation), chemical methods (such as solidification/stabilization and leaching), and biological methods (such as the use of hyperaccumulating plants). Second, it focuses on the resource utilization of tailings, which not only evaluates their potential applications in construction materials (e.g., concrete, ceramics), but also emphasizes new directions that support sustainable development in agriculture and forestry, including the formulation of reclamation substrates, the development of soil amendments and silicon-potassium fertilizers, and the establishment of forestry carbon sink ecosystems. At present, the practice of ecological restoration and resource utilization is relatively independent. The key to the future development lies in the construction of a comprehensive governance paradigm of deep integration of ‘restoration-resource-carbon emission reduction’. This integrated strategy aims to achieve three goals simultaneously: efficiently controlling environmental risks and restoring ecological functions; maximizing resource value output while reducing tailings accumulation; and significantly reducing carbon emissions throughout the governance chain. By following this integrated approach, we can systematically address the dual environmental and economic challenges posed by molybdenum tailings and directly contributing to cultivated land protection, food security, and the national "dual carbon" strategy.

  Salt-tolerant Mechanisms and Bioremediation Strategy of Plants SHAN Xiaoyu, LYU Zongyong, ZHANG Jie, WANG Xiaohan, MENG Guangfan 2025, 41 (35):  46-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0322 Abstract + ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2315KB )   ( 5 ) Global food security is facing the growing threat of cropland salinization, urgently calling for the development of sustainable remediation solutions. Salt stress inhibits crop growth by inducing osmotic imbalance, ion toxicity, and oxidative damage. Although traditional physical and chemical remediation techniques are effective in the short term, they often lead to secondary pollution and high operational costs. In this context, bioremediation has emerged as a promising and environmentally sustainable alternative. This study systematically reviews recent advances in the mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions under salt stress. It firstly analyzes the impacts of salt stress on plants; then, it elucidates the intrinsic mechanisms of plant salt tolerance, including the synthesis of organic osmolytes, the regulation of hormone metabolism and photosynthetic pathways, and the activation of antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive genes. It then focuses on rhizosphere-associated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and endophytic fungi (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma), which enhance plant salt tolerance through multiple mechanisms such as maintaining ion homeostasis, improving nutrient uptake, activating antioxidant defense systems, and coordinating hormonal signaling. Finally, we emphasize the importance of integrating multi-omics approaches with synthetic biology technologies to elucidate the interactions among microorganisms, plants, and the environment, thereby facilitating the sustainable remediation of saline soils and the utilization of marginal lands.

  Study on Soil Respiration Characteristics of Tobacco Fields with Ridge Tillage LIU Yuntong, YANG Hailin, ZHOU Jinhong, LI Tao, ZHANG Na, GAO Jinbo, LIU Xianbin, YANG Liyun 2025, 41 (35):  55-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0195 Abstract + ( 21 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 6 ) In response to global climate warming, reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and achieving "carbon neutrality" has become a research hotspot. The main purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of soil respiration fluxes and their main influencing factors in traditional ridged tobacco cultivation in Yuxi, providing valuable data for enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing emissions in tobacco fields. We measured soil respiration in conventional planting patterns in the core tobacco growing area of Chengjiang City, Yuxi, Yunnan Province, using a static chamber gas chromatography technique. The study investigated the dynamics of soil respiration flux and its relationship with soil environmental and nutrient factors. The results showed that, under the conventional ridge-planting system, soil temperature at 5 cm depth on the ridge was significantly higher (P< 0.01) than in the furrow, while there was no difference in temperature between the furrow and ridge soil at 10 cm, and the moisture content of soil on the ridge from 0 to 10 cm was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in the furrow; MBC, NH4+- N, and NO3-- N in the soil on the ridge were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those in the furrow; the total soil respiration during the tobacco growth period was 1.45 t C/hm2, with total soil respiration on ridge and in furrow being 1.60 t C/hm2 and 1.30 t C/hm2, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.01). The soil respiration flux under the conventional ridge planting mode of Yuxi tobacco exhibited net emissions, mainly influenced by soil MBC, DOC, temperature at 10 cm depth, and soil moisture content from 0 to 10 cm layer. The ridge-planting method caused significant differences in soil environmental and nutrient factors, as well as soil respiration flux, between the ridge and furrow areas. Therefore, when observing soil respiration characteristics in ridge-planting tobacco fields, it is essential to distinguish the difference between the ridge and furrow areas to obtain more accurate results, providing scientific support for achieving the "dual carbon" goals in tobacco fields.

  Effects of Application Rate and Particle Size on Distribution Uniformity of Fertilizer Application Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ZHANG Zhe, YANG Lu, NING Peng 2025, 41 (35):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0108 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 4999KB )   ( 7 ) The utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for fertilizer application holds great promise in increasing crop yield and nutrient use efficiency. However, the impact of fertilizer application rate and particle size under diverse UAV flying parameters on the uniformity of fertilizer deposition remains elusive. To address this gap, an experiment was conducted with varying fertilization rates and particle size under different disc rotation speeds and flight speeds, aiming to assess the homogeneity of UAV-based fertilization and optimize the relevant technology. The results showed that higher fertilizer application rate reduced the uniformity of fertilizer deposition. For urea with large particle sizes, the coefficient of variation (CV) of fertilizer deposition increased from 16.4% at an application rate of 75 kg/hm2 to 31.5% at 225 and 375 kg/hm2. The highest CV value of 37.5% was observed for urea with small particle sizes. At an application rate of 375 kg/hm2, the CV for large-particle fertilizer deposition decreased from 31.5% to 11.0% as the rotation speed increased from 1000 to 1300 r/min. Meanwhile, the CV for small-particle fertilizer deposition declined to 20.5%. For both large- and small-particle fertilizers, the CV of the deposited particle distribution was minimized at a flight speed of 5 m/s. Further analysis based on the CV and the nearest neighbor distance of particles indicated that increasing the fertilization rate decreased the uniformity of fertilizer particle distribution on both sides of the flight path, with distinct differences between large- and small-particle urea. When the application rate of large- and small-particle urea increased from 75 to 375 kg/hm2, the uniformity of particle distribution beside the flight path decreased by 15.1% and 16.9%, respectively. Within a single collection box, the uniformity of particle distribution decreased by 6% and 13%, respectively. Increasing the disc rotation speed enhanced the uniformity of large-particle fertilizer distribution by 20.5% and that of small-particle fertilizer by 10.4% at an application rate of 375 kg/hm2. The uniformity of particle distribution within the collection box for large-particle fertilizer increased by 15%, and there were limited changes for that of small-particle fertilizer. In conclusion, the study suggests that application rate and particle size are crucial factors influencing the uniformity of UVA-based fertilization. It is recommended to use large-particle fertilizers in practice. Additionally, the uniformity of fertilizer particle distribution can be improved by increasing the rotation speed and optimizing other parameters when applying higher rates of fertilizers.

  Carbon Sequestration Characteristics and Potential Prediction of Agricultural Ecosystem in Fuzhou City HUANG Yan 2025, 41 (35):  71-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0527 Abstract + ( 15 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1511KB )   ( 10 ) Based on the carbon sequestration rate method and BP neural network model, carbon sequestration status and potential of agricultural ecosystem in Fuzhou City from 2010 to 2021 were evaluated. The results showed that over the past 11 years, the average annual carbon sequestration amount of agricultural land in Fuzhou City was 203900 tons (equivalent to 747600 tons of CO2), which grew at an average annual rate of 1.13%, with carbon sequestration of orchards occupying on nearly 70%. The contribution rate of straw returning to soil carbon sequestration of farmland (64.7%) was significantly higher than that of fertilizer application (35.3%). Spatially, Yongtai, Minhou, Fuqing and Minqing counties were the core areas of carbon sinks in Fuzhou City. Due to superior hydrothermal conditions and higher agricultural management levels in coastal regions, the carbon sequestration rate was higher than that in inland areas. Projections indicated that, under current agricultural development trends, carbon sequestration of agricultural land from 2022 to 2030 would show a fluctuating trend of first slowly decreasing and then slowly increasing. The fluctuations were chiefly driven by a slight reduction in farmland area, agriculture structural adjustments, and the delayed impact of management practice adoption. Finally, recommendations were proposed to enhance the region's agricultural carbon neutrality capacity, including strengthening the strategic role of orchard carbon sinks, promoting straw return and optimized fertilization techniques, and exploring agricultural carbon trading mechanisms.

  Study on Relationship Between Seasonal Permafrost and Phenology of Larix gmelinii in Erguna YANG Liping, ZHANG Shengli, ZHANG Cunhou, LYU Yan, TANG Jiaqi 2025, 41 (35):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0641 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 7 ) It is of great significance to study the relationship between the phenological periods of Larix gmelinii and characteristics of seasonal permafrost change to provide scientific guidance for the rational utilization of permafrost resources and the practice of local forestry production. Using statistical methods such as linear tendency estimation and Pearson correlation coefficient, this study focuses on the phenological periods of Larix gmelinii in Erguna and its relationship with the characteristics of seasonal permafrost change based on the permafrost data from Erguna Ground Meteorological Station and the phenological observation data from Erguna Agrometeorological Observation Station from 1991 to 2023. The results showed that: (1) seasonal permafrost in the study area had undergone significant changes, with the first day of freezing delayed by 5 days per 10 years on average, and the last day of melting advanced by 18 days per 10 years. It also indicated that the first day of thaw was relatively stable. The maximum permafrost depth decreased by 29 cm, the number of thaw days and the freeze-thaw cycle were shortened by16 days, and 23 days per 10 years on average, respectively. (2) During the study period, the spring and autumn phenological periods of Larix gmelinii showed a postponement trend, with the flower bud opening stage and the beginning of leaf development delaying by an average of 5 days every 10 years, and the complete leaf discoloration stage and the end defoliation stage delaying by 11 days on average every 10 years. The length of the growing season was extended by 6 days every 10 years on average, and the extension of the number of days from the initial period of leaf exhibition to the complete discoloration period at the middle of the growing season contributed the most. (3) The different phenological periods of Larix gmelinii were closely related to the seasonal permafrost. The postponement of different phenological periods and the extension of the growing season of Larix gmelinii were closely related to the postponement of the first day of permafrost freezing, the advance of the last day of thawing, the number of thawing days and the shortening of the freeze-thaw cycle, and the shallow depth of the maximum permafrost also had a certain impact on the postponement of the phenological period of Larix gmelinii. This study demonstrated the phenological periods of Larix gmelinii in Erguna and their relationship with seasonal permafrost changes, providing a reference for guiding scientific forestry production.

  Research on Evaluation Indicators Design and Zoning of Climatic Quality of Apples in Northern Region of Xianyang CHEN Mulan, LI Yunxi, ZHA Yangliang, GOU Yaowu, DUAN Hao, WU Qiong, GAO Rui 2025, 41 (35):  88-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0130 Abstract + ( 20 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1620KB )   ( 4 ) Based on the meteorological observation data of five national basic meteorological stations in northern Xianyang from 1981 to 2020, the relationship between apple growth and meteorological conditions was analyzed, key indicators influencing apple climatic quality(such as average temperature during fruit enlargement, precipitation during fruit enlargement, and sunshine duration during coloring-maturation,etc.)were identified to construct a locally applicable apple climatic quality evaluation system. The comprehensive model of apple climate quality evaluation was established by using analytic hierarchy process, weighted summation method and multiple regression analysis method, and the zoning maps of apple climate quality evaluation in northern Xianyang during 1981-2010 and 1991-2020 were drawn. The results showed that the climate quality of apple in the northern part of Xianyang was always in the “excellent” grade or above during the two periods. Among them, the “extreme excellent” area of apple climate quality from 1991 to 2020 accounted for 58.8% of the northern area of Xianyang. It is mainly distributed on both sides of the river in Changwu and Binzhou, northeast and southeast of Binzhou, west and northeast of Xunyi, central and southern Chunhua, and a small amount of Yongshou. The “excellent” grade area of apple accounts for 41.2 % of the area in the north of Xianyang, which is distributed in other areas except the “extreme excellent” grade area. Compared with 1981-2010, the proportion of “extreme excellent” area did not change, but the spatial difference was obvious. Changwu decreased in a large scale, Binzhou and Yongshou decreased in a small part, and the northeast of Xunyi increased significantly. Under the background of global warming, it is necessary to continuously optimize apple growth management, introduce new varieties, improve meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, improve apple quality, and maintain the market competitiveness of Xianyang apple industry.

  Research on Forecast Model of Apple Initial Flowering Period in Zhengning County of Gansu LI Meiyu, CHEN Fan, ZHANG Tianfeng, LIU Jiaqi, ZHOU Zhongwen, WANG Juan, ZHANG Xuejiao 2025, 41 (35):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0774 Abstract + ( 18 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 4 ) Using the data of apple initial flowering period and meteorological observations from 1984 to 2024 in Zhengning County, Gansu, the study analyzes the trend of changes in apple initial flowering period in Zhengning. Through the correlation analysis, the dominant meteorological factors affecting apple initial flowering period are identified, and a prediction model for apple initial flowering period is constructed using principal component analysis and stepwise linear regression. The results showed that: (1) from 1984 to 2024, the apple initial flowering period in Zhengning showed a significant advance trend, with a mutation point in 1994 and a linear trend rate of 4.2 d/10 a. The initial flowering period was advanced by 17 days in 41 years. (2) The key meteorological factors that affected the apple initial flowering period were temperature, accumulated temperature, average ground temperature, sunshine hours, and relative humidity. They were significantly negatively correlated with active accumulated temperature of ≥0℃, ≥3℃, ≥5℃, ≥10℃ in winter and spring, temperature, sunshine hours, and ground temperature in March, and positively correlated with relative humidity in March. This indicated that the more sufficient the heat accumulation, the lower the relative humidity, the earlier the beginning of apple flowering. (3) A prediction model for the apple initial flowering period was constructed using principal component analysis and stepwise linear regression. After testing, the accuracy of predicting the initial flowering period with a difference of 0-3 days from actual measurements reached 68%, and the accuracy of predicting the difference with a difference of 0-4 days reached 87%. A trial report was conducted on the apple initial flowering period in Zhengning from 2022 to 2024, and the difference between the measured and predicted values was 0-1 day. The model demonstrates satisfactory forecasting performance and can be applied in daily operational work.

  Synergistic Control of Fludioxonil Combined with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Tomato Gray Mold RAN Yongzheng, RAN Dongsheng 2025, 41 (35):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0243 Abstract + ( 17 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 3 ) The feasibility of the combination of chemical fungicides and biological fungicides to control tomato gray mold was explored to deal with the contradiction between the enhancement of fungicide resistance and the demand for pesticide reduction in the chemical control of tomato gray mold. The best combination scheme of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and fludioxonil was determined by individual virulence determination, compatibility analysis and compound screening, and the control effect was verified by in vitro fruit and pot experiment. The results revealed that fludioxonil demonstrated the highest virulence against Botrytis cinerea (EC50=0.0889μg/mL), while B. amyloliquefaciens showed strongest antifungal activity (EC50=0.5940μg/mL), with good mutual compatibility preserved (even at 1500μg/mL fludioxonil, B. amyloliquefaciens viable cells remained at10.8×108 CFU/mL). When compounded at their respective EC50 values, the 7:3 (v/v) ratio exhibited the highest pathogen inhibition rate, with a virulenceratio of 1.81 and an inhibition rate of 90.81%, showing a significant synergistic effect. At registered label-recommended concentrations, the preventive and therapeutic effects of the mixture on detached fruits were 82.62% and 64.56%, while greenhouse pot trials recorded 75.23% and 74.24%, respectively, both significantly superior to single-agent treatments, and with a 30% reduction in fludioxonil amount. These findings indicate that the 7:3 (v/v) combination of fludioxonil and B. amyloliquefaciens at registered concentrations provides a highly effective, synergistic, and environmentally friendly strategy for managing tomato gray mold.

  Research Progress and Hotspot Analysis of Impact of Crop Rotation on Ammonia Emissions Based on Bibliometric Methods ZENG Ting, HU Jinhao, GONG Yingting, YAO Jianwu, SHEN Jian, WANG Ronghui, LI Mengjun 2025, 41 (35):  110-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0255 Abstract + ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2513KB )   ( 13 ) Agricultural ammonia emissions are not only related to agricultural production efficiency but also serve as indirect contributors to greenhouse gas generation. Crop rotation is one of the pivotal factors influencing agricultural ammonia emissions. This study, based on the Web of Science database and employing a bibliometric approach, aims to objectively analyze the research status and trends of crop rotation impacts on ammonia emissions during 2007—2024, providing scientific data references for relevant scholars. The results show that: (1) academic research in this field has exhibited phases of initiation, stable fluctuation, rapid growth, and decline, with publication output peaking in 2021—2022. (2) Research is concentrated in Chinese institutions, and all high-productivity authors are Chinese scholars, five of whom are from the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Domestic institutions and authors have close cooperation, while international cooperation needs to be further deepened. (3) The citation frequency of literatures has increased year by year, with rapid growth during 2018—2022 followed by a slowdown in growth rate, and highly cited papers derive from multiple countries. (4) Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed research hotspots focusing on ammonia volatilization, N2O emissions, soil and utilization efficiency, involving interdisciplinary integration of agronomy, environmental science, and ecology. Research indicates that there are still critical scientific issues to be addressed in the study of how crop rotation affects ammonia emissions. It is necessary to enhance collaboration among international researchers and institutions, focus on long-term positioning experiments and the application of emerging technologies, and promote interdisciplinary collaborative innovation. This will provide theoretical support and practical guidance for global agricultural environmental management.

  Visual Analysis of Production Status and Research Progress of High-gluten Wheat Based on CiteSpace WANG Ping, ZHANG Tongzhen, SUN Zhenrong, WANG Fei, LIU Shanxia 2025, 41 (35):  122-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0685 Abstract + ( 28 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3928KB )   ( 5 ) To gain in-depth insights into the research progress and cutting-edge trends of high-gluten wheat in the fields of agriculture and food science, a visual analysis was conducted using CiteSpace 6.3.R1, based on the 2014-2024 literature data retrieved from the CNKI database (1496 papers) and Web of Science (WOS) database (3661 papers). The results showed that from 2014 to 2024, the number of publications on high-gluten wheat in the CNKI and WOS databases exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The two databases reached their peak publication outputs in 2020 (218 papers for CNKI) and 2021 (514 papers for WOS), respectively, and the global research enthusiasm shifted from a phase of rapid growth to an adjustment period. China ranked first in terms of publication quantity with 1012 papers (accounting for 27.6% of the total publications in WOS) and established close collaborative networks with countries such as the United States, India, and Italy (collaborating with more than 30 countries), which demonstrated robust scientific research vitality. Within China, a tight-knit academic community was formed, represented by scholars including Zhao Guangcai and Chang Xuhong, who made outstanding contributions to the research on high-gluten wheat. Institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences achieved high academic standards in this field. In the WOS database, scholars such as Gao Xin, Zhu Kexue, Ma Sen, and Arendt Elke K focused their research on quality molecular breeding, wheat stress-resistant genes, wheat adaptability, flour processing, and nutritional health. Meanwhile, collaborative alliances were formed among institutions including Northwest A&F University, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Murdoch University, and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Keyword analysis revealed that variety breeding, quality improvement, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation, and flour processing remained consistent research hotspots. The research content shifted from early cultivation techniques to processing quality and comprehensive evaluation, and the research focus extended to food processing and nutritional health. In conclusion, the research on high-gluten wheat boasted broad prospects and great application potential. It was suggested that in the future, efforts should be directed toward strengthening interdisciplinary research, advancing genetic improvement and molecular breeding technologies, expanding its application in food processing, and developing food products with health benefits to meet market demands.

  Research Progress on Ecological and Healthy Aquaculture Technology of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii in China SHAO Zeyu, ZHANG Xiaojun, DU Xuedi, HAN Keke, JIANG Qun, WANG Ruyuan, LI Ping, WU Fei 2025, 41 (35):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0265 Abstract + ( 20 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 16 ) Facing increasingly stringent standards for aquaculture tail water discharge, China's Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming industry urgently needs to upgrade and transform. This article summarizes the research progress on ecological healthy aquaculture technology of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in China, including technical models such as healthy intensive aquaculture in ponds, ecological mixed aquaculture in ponds, comprehensive cultivation in rice fields, symbiotic aquaculture of aquatic plants, ecological three-dimensional aquaculture, enclosure of reservoirs and lakes, etc, and discussed the direction of ecological aquaculture. Additionally, the future development direction of Macrobrachium rosenbergii industry in our country was also prospected, in order to provide reference for the green, healthy and sustainable development of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii industry in our country.

  Path Analysis of Relationship Between Phenotypic Traits and Soft Body Weight Among Three Lines of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fuctada martensii LI Siyun, YANG Chuangye, LIAO Yongshan, LI Junhui, DENG Yuewen 2025, 41 (35):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0745 Abstract + ( 24 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1216KB )   ( 5 ) The study analyzed the morphological traits and body weight of the three lines of pearl oyster Pinctada fuctada martensii, and established the linear equation with the soft body weight and the main target traits, with an aim to provide useful information for the breeding of the species. The three lines were involved in the progeny stock with breeders introduced from Vietnam, the line with black radiating rib as morphological marker in the shell surface, and the control stock. In December 2023, 300 samples were collected from each of three lines. Shell height (SH), shell length (SL), shell width (SW), stranded line length (TWL), live total weight (LW) and soft body weight (MW) of each sample was measured, and the correlation coefficient between traits were estimated. The correlation coefficients between each trait were calculated with the shell phenotypic trait as the independent variable and the soft body weight as the dependent variable. The direct path coefficient and the indirect path coefficient between each trait were also calculated. The results showed that shell height, shell length, shell width, stranded line length, total weight and soft body weight of the three strains were highly significant correlated (P<0.01). All three strains had the largest direct effect of total weight on soft body weight. Three multiple regression equations were established by using stepwise regression analysis. The regression equations of progeny stock with breeders introduced from Vietnam, the line with black radiating rib as morphological marker in the shell surface, and the control stock were Y=-2.973+0.034XSH-0.043XTWL+0.235XLW, Y=-0.505+0.253XLW+0.037XSW, and Y=-5.557+0.094XSH+0.265XLW, respectively. The results show that total weight is the most important factor affecting the quality of soft body weight, which is helpful for the cultivation of the lines with larger soft body weight.

  Development and Thinking of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Technology WANG Xin, ZHU Changkuan, XIE Yunchao, JIANG Yao, JIN Ranran, ZHANG Junpeng 2025, 41 (35):  147-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0252 Abstract + ( 26 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1131KB )   ( 3 ) Faced with the dual challenges of increasingly severe water scarcity and sustainable agricultural development, the importance of integrated water and fertilizer management as an efficient water-saving fertilization model is becoming increasingly prominent. To further analyze the problems and challenges encountered during the development of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, this study employed a systematic literature analysis, summarized the development history and current status of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, and synthesized its effects on soil physicochemical properties, crop yield, and water- and fertilizer-use efficiency, as well as research progress on drip fertigation equipment and system intelligent technologies. On this basis, the main existing problems are pointed out, such as imperfect irrigation scheduling, equipment clogging, and unreasonable design and layout of field pipelines. It is suggested that future efforts should focus on formulating scientific and rational irrigation schedules tailored to local conditions, optimizing field planning, establishing a more comprehensive index system for water and fertilizer management, and strengthening the intelligent development of technical equipment. The research aims to provide a theoretical basis for application and innovation of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology and to promote agricultural productivity enhancement and sustainable use of water resources.

  Research Review on Market Entry of Collectively-Owned Commercial Construction Land MAO Xiangdong, MA Yue, MA Jia 2025, 41 (35):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0453 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1834KB )   ( 4 ) This study systematically reviews the origins, developmental trajectory, and future trends in research on the market entry of collectively-owned commercial construction land. It identifies gaps in existing studies, explores new scientific questions, and provides theoretical and practical insights to deepen land system reform, promote urban-rural integration, and advance rural revitalization. Using literature surveys, bibliometric analysis and qualitative review, this paper conducts a structural analysis of core literature from the CNKI database on the market entry of collectively-owned commercial construction land. Through keyword co-occurrence, burst detection, and clustering analysis via CiteSpace, the research hotspots and evolutionary pathways in this field are revealed. The findings indicate that current research can be categorized into four subfields: land revenue distribution, land resource allocation, legal frameworks, and pilot reform cases. Existing studies predominantly focus on market entry models and revenue distribution mechanisms, while research on legal system refinement and regionally differentiated policies remains underdeveloped. The conclusions suggest that future efforts should prioritize optimizing revenue distribution mechanisms, strengthening legal safeguards, and aligning with national strategies such as rural revitalization and urban-rural integration. This will facilitate market-oriented reforms of land resources and establish a theoretical and practical framework for achieving integrated urban-rural development and common prosperity.