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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (36): 79-84.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1120

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

荫湿环境对玉米籽粒产量及其组成性状的影响

霍仕平,张芳魁,晏庆九,向振凡,冯云超,张兴端,张 健,余志江   

  1. (重庆三峡农业科学院/重庆市山地生态农业工程技术研究中心,重庆万州 404155）
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-17 修回日期:2015-01-07 接受日期:2014-11-01 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 霍仕平
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市自然科学基金重点项目“玉米耐荫湿鉴定指标体系的研究”(CSTC,2011BA1029)；重庆市攻关项目“玉米耐荫湿育种新材料鉴定与筛选研究）(CSTC,2011AC1138)；重庆市农作物良种创新工程项目“玉米种质前育种研究与育种材料创制”(CSTC,2012ggC80004)、“耐瘠抗旱优质玉米新品种培育”(CSTC,2012ggC80006)和、“玉米育种新方法和新技术研究”(CSTC,2012ggC80003)。

Shade Wet Environment on Maize Grain Yield and Its Constitution Traits

Huo Shiping, Zhang Fangkui, Yan Qingjiu, Xiang Zhenfan, Feng Yunchao,   

  1. Zhang Xingrui, Zhang Jian, Yu Zhijiang(Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Science/Chongqing Engineering Research Center of the Mountain Ecologic Agriculture, Wanzhou Chongqing 404155)
  • Received:2014-04-17 Revised:2015-01-07 Accepted:2014-11-01 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20

摘要： 荫湿寡照是中国西南地区的主要气候特点，为明确荫湿环境对玉米籽粒产量及其主要组成性状的影响。笔者比较了30个玉米自交系和18个杂交种在荫湿环境与自然环境条件下籽粒产量及其组成性状的差异。结果表明，与自然环境比较，荫湿环境下杂交种单株粒重、穗长、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数和百粒重分别降低72.2%、41.90%、25.95%、53.79%、64.81%和14.69%，差异极显著；自交系单株粒重、穗长、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数和百粒重分别减少66.97%、34.69%、28.82%、48.49%、62.03%和6.40%，差异极显著或显著。采用综合耐荫湿系数和t检验将18个杂交种评定为耐荫湿性强的品种有5个，耐荫湿性中的品种有7个，耐荫湿性弱的品种有6个；30个自交系评定为耐荫湿性强的有8个，耐荫湿性中的有10个，耐荫湿性弱的有12个。

关键词: 影响因素, 影响因素

Abstract: Grain yield and its constitution traits of 30 maize inbred lines and 18 hybrids were compared between the shade wet environment and the natural environment. The results showed that, compared with those in the natural environment, individual kernel weight, ear length, rows per ear, kernel numbers per row, grain numbers per ear and 100-kernel weight of hybrid in the shade wet environment were reduced by 72.2%, 41.90%, 25.95%, 53.79%, 64.81% and 14.69%, respectively, the difference was highly remarkable; the above traits of inbred lines in the shade wet environment were reduced by 66.97%, 34.69%, 28.82%, 48.49%, 62.03% and 6.40%, respectively, the difference was highly remarkable or remarkable. According to the comprehensive shade wet tolerance coefficient and using t test, 18 hybrids could be divided into 3 shade wet tolerance groups: 5 in strong, 7 in medium and 6 in weak; and among the 30 inbred lines, shade wet tolerance distribution was: 8 in strong group, 10 in medium group and 12 in weak group.