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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (36): 16-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1719

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖南双季稻氮磷钾配方优化及追肥运筹增产效果分析

田发祥1,2,朱 坚2,3,谢运河1,2,3,彭 华1,2,3,纪雄辉1,2   

  1. (1湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙 410125；2农业部长江中下游平原农业环境重点实验室,长沙 410125；3中南大学研究生院隆平分院,长沙 410125）
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-19 修回日期:2014-06-19 接受日期:2014-09-30 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 田发祥
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划“复合（混）肥料农艺配方与生态工艺技术研究”(2011BAD11B05)；国家科技支撑计划“南方丘陵山地农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范”(2012BAD15B04)。

Analysis of Optimized NPK Formulation and Top-dressing on Increasing Yield in Double Cropping Rice of Hunan

Tian Faxiang1,2, Zhu Jian2,3, Xie Yunhe1,2,3, Peng Hua1,2,3, Ji Xionghui1,2   

  1. (1Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125;2Key Laboratory of Agri-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125;3Longping Branch of Central South University, Changsha 410125)
  • Received:2014-06-19 Revised:2014-06-19 Accepted:2014-09-30 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20

摘要： 为了筛选出适合湖南双季稻生产的配方复合肥及追肥模式，采用田间试验的方法，在湖南长沙县开慧镇、干杉镇，岳阳县麻塘镇（晚稻在新墙镇）典型双季稻区开展了水稻氮磷钾肥料配方及2次追肥的增产效果研究。结果表明：与主推的配方肥（早、晚稻N-P2O5-K2O分别为20-10-10和26-10-13）相比，优化配方肥（分别增加磷钾比例）适当减氮，早稻保持平产，晚稻增产187.5~378.0 kg/hm2，增产幅度为2.6%~5.9%。其中，N-P2O5-K2O为18-14-16配方适合早稻的生产，N-P2O5-K2O为18-9-16配方适合晚稻的生产。在追肥量一定的条件下，分蘖期、孕穗期分次追肥较分蘖期一次追肥早稻增产187.5~382.5 kg/hm2，氮肥利用率提高10.9~24.2个百分点；晚稻增产258.0~415.5 kg/hm2，氮肥利用率提高8.3~13.4个百分点。

关键词: 水稻田, 水稻田, 土壤, N2O, CO2, 日变化

Abstract: The effect of different formula of NPK and top dressed twice on rice growth in typical double cropping rice area, which located at Kaihui, Ganshan, Matang and Xinqiang Town, were studied on field experiment in order to select the formula of compound fertilizer and top dressing mode for double cropping of rice production in Hunan. The results showed that, the rice yields for the optimized formulated fertilizer treatment, which increased the proportion of phosphorus and potassium and reduced its nitrogen fertilizer by 7.5 kg/hm2, could ensure early rice stable yield and increased late rice yield by 187.5-378.0 kg/hm2 compared with the conventional complex fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O formula as 20-10-10 for early rice and 26-10-13 for late rice). The N-P2O5-K2O formula 18-14-16 of optimized formulated fertilizer was suitable for early rice production, and the other N-P2O5-K2O formula 18-9-16 was suitable for late rice production. The rice yields for top-dressing at tillering stage, booting stage increased by 187.5-382.5 kg/hm2 and 258.0-415.5 kg/hm2 for early and late rice, and the nitrogen use efficiency increased 10.9-24.2 percentage points (31.5%-51.1%) for early rice and 8.3-13.4 percentage points (36.2%-64.9%) for late rice compared with the top-dressing at tillering stage.