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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (27): 190-197.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030142

所属专题: 油料作物

• 生物技术科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生物降解地膜对花生光合特性和产量的影响

林萌萌,孙涛,尹继乾,李琦瑶,宁堂原,米庆华   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-17 修回日期:2015-08-28 接受日期:2015-04-09 出版日期:2015-09-23 发布日期:2015-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 宁堂原
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五” 农村领域国家科技支撑计划课题 “功能性环保农膜开发与产业化” (2012BAD11B01); 全国大学生创新创业训练计划 “4种生物降解地膜降解特性及对花生产量的影响” (2014104340484)。

Effects of Different Biodegradable Films Mulching on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut

  • Received:2015-03-17 Revised:2015-08-28 Accepted:2015-04-09 Online:2015-09-23 Published:2015-09-23

摘要: 为探讨生物降解地膜的控温控水效应及对花生生长发育和产量的影响, 进行了 4种全生物降解地膜、 普通地膜与不覆盖地膜的对比试验。结果表明: 地膜覆盖均优于不覆膜处理。生物降解地膜 Q2降解速度过快, 其他生物降解地膜降解期适宜。生物降解地膜 Q3更利于花生的光合特性和产量的形成, 效果优于普通地膜; Q4 与普通地膜相近, 效果略差于普通地膜; Q1、 Q2 2 种地膜效果差于普通地膜。生物降解地膜降解期适中, 能达到与普通地膜相似的保温保墒效果, 在提高叶绿素含量, 叶片净光合速率, 延缓叶片衰老方面优于普通地膜处理。Q3、 Q4 2种生物降解地膜能满足花生不同生育期对土壤温度、 水分的需要, 前期增温保水, 后期降温增渗, 促进光合作用, 并且可以减少白色污染, 减轻对土壤性质的破坏, 生态效益和经济效益良好, 具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 农民专业合作社, 农民专业合作社, 农产品, 营销, 案例启示

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of biodegradable films on soil water and temperature and the growth and yield of peanut, a contrast experiment on four kinds of biodegradable film, common plastic film and no plastic film was carried out. The results showed that mulching was better than no mulching treatment. The degradation speed of biodegradable film Q2 was too fast, degradation periods of other kinds of biodegradable film were suitable. Biodegradable film Q3 was more conducive to the formation of the growth and yield of peanut, and its effect was better than common plastic film. Q4 was similar to the ordinary plastic film, the effect was slightly inferior to that of the ordinary plastic film, effects of film Q1 and Q2 were worse than that of the ordinary plastic film. Biodegradable film had moderate degradation period, and could achieve similar effect as the ordinary plastic film in retaining temperature and humidity. Biodegradable film was better than the ordinary plastic film in increasing chlorophyll SPAD of peanut, photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaf and delaying leaf senescence. In conclusion, biodegradable film Q3 and Q4, with suitable degradation period, could satisfy the need of soil temperature and moisture for peanut in different growth stags. In the early stage, they could increase temperature and contain water; in the later stage, they could lower the temperature and increase the penetration of moisture and promote the photosynthesis. In addition, they could reduce the white pollution and the damage of soil properties, had good ecological and economic benefits and broad application prospects.