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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (30): 120-126.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030086

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

中缅边境地区果园配置作物调研分析与实践

王攀磊1,2,郭玉蓉1,2,潘艳华1,2,朱红业1,2,曾 莉1,2,刘红明3,李进学3,岳建强3,高俊燕3   

  1. (1云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明 650205;2农业部嵩明农业环境科学观测实验站,昆明 650205;3云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山 678025)
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-11 修回日期:2016-05-13 接受日期:2016-05-25 出版日期:2016-10-31 发布日期:2016-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 潘艳华
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项 “中缅边境地区特色水果错季高效生产及产业化研究与示范”(201403036);农业部“嵩明农业环境科学观测实验站”(2011-08);公益性行业(农业)科研专项 “坡耕地合理耕层构建技术指标研究及集成示范”(201503119)。

Interplanting in Ecological High Value Orchards in Sino-Burma Border Area

Wang Panlei1,2, Guo Yurong1,2, Pan Yanhua1,2, Zhu Hongye1,2, Zeng Li1,2, Liu Hongming3, Li Jinxue3, Yue Jianqiang3, Gao Junyan3   

  1. (1Institute of Agricultural Environment & Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205; 2Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Songming, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205; 3Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Baoshan Yunnan 678025)
  • Received:2016-03-11 Revised:2016-05-13 Accepted:2016-05-25 Online:2016-10-31 Published:2016-10-31

摘要: 中缅边境地区果园种植区以山地和丘陵为主,由于夏季多雨而春冬季干旱等季节性问题突出,果园内水土流失严重,套种牧草、作物是有效缓解水土流失问题的主要途径。为此,通过查阅文献、调研、试验实践的方式,就滇西南、滇东南地区果园牧草、一般经济作物的套种情况进行了分析比较,从产量、产值、覆盖度及水土保持效应等方面分析比较了不同牧草、一般经济作物的套种效果。结果表明:在中缅边境地区果园内,可套种的牧草种质资源丰富,套种豆科、禾本科牧草的混播产量产值最高,鲜重产量达79000~83000 kg/hm2,产值13500~42000元/hm2,均高于豆科、禾本科及菊科牧草单种;套种作物以小米辣、毛豆、生姜为主,经济效益在7500~36000元/hm2之间,其中以套种生姜的效益最高。总体来看,在中缅边境地区果园内套种牧草以豆科、禾本科混播效益最佳,而套种牧草的经济、生态综合效益优于套种作物,因此推荐豆科、禾本科牧草混播的套种模式。

关键词: 鸡粪有机肥, 鸡粪有机肥, 小麦, 土壤, 锌, 吸收

Abstract: Since planting fruit trees on the mountainous or hilly lands is the most common land-using approach in Sino-Burma border area, the soil erosion is serious because of summer rains and winter spring drought. A possible solution to the problem of soil erosion is the interplanting of fruit trees with forages and grain crops. Therefore, the situation of interplanting of forages and general economic crops in southwest Yunnan and southeast Yunnan was analyzed and compared by literature review, investigation and experiments. The interplanting effects were studied from the aspects of yield, output value, coverage and effect of water and soil conservation. The results showed that in Sino-Burma border orchards, the forage germplasm resources for interplanting were rich. The yields and output value of interplanting leguminous and gramineae were the highest, and the fresh yield was 79000-83000 kg/hm2, the output value was 13500-42000 yuan/hm2, which were higher than those of leguminous, gramineae and compositae. Interplanting crops were mainly capsicum, bean, ginger, and the economic benefit was 7500-36000 yuan/hm2. Interplanting ginger had the highest economic benefit. In conclusion, the interplanting of leguminous and gramineae in Sino-Burma border orchards had the best benefit, and the interplanting of forages had better economic and ecological benefit than the interplanting of crops.

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