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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (29): 147-154.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030127

所属专题: 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱沙漠区一次局地极端大暴雨的分析研究

杨梅,刘维成   

  1. 甘肃省武威市气象局,兰州中心气象台
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-16 修回日期:2016-09-05 接受日期:2016-04-25 出版日期:2016-10-12 发布日期:2016-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 杨梅
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2016-076)。

A Local Extreme Rainstorm Process in Arid Desert Area

  • Received:2016-03-16 Revised:2016-09-05 Accepted:2016-04-25 Online:2016-10-12 Published:2016-10-12

摘要: 为了提高干旱沙漠区极端降水天气的预报预警能力和缓解本地水资源严重短缺问题。本研究利用常规观测图、FY-2D云图、区域自动站雨量、单站气象要素和NCEP再分析资料,对2013年5月15日干旱沙漠区民勤县局地极端大暴雨的成因进行诊断分析。结果表明,此次局地大暴雨具有出现时间特殊、雨强大、酝酿时间长,且发生在降水极少的干旱沙漠区的特点。主要影响系统是500 hPa新疆低槽引导冷空气南下,中低层切变线缓慢东移,配合地面风场辐合;水汽输送通道有西南和东南两个,东南急流引导的水汽是此次过程主要的水汽来源。中低层辐合、高层辐散及整层上升运动是这次大暴雨的动力条件;K指数、CAPE指数、Si指数的大值区、θse高能舌延伸位置偏北偏东与此次大暴雨区相符;2个中尺度对流云团的合并发展是造成此次大暴雨的重要原因。

关键词: 阿维菌素, 阿维菌素, 梨, 土壤, 残留, 消解动态

Abstract: The paper aims to improve the forecast ability of extreme rainstorm in arid desert area and alleviate the local water resource shortage. The authors used the maps of conventional meteorological observation, precipitation of regional automatic weather stations, FY-2D satellite cloud pictures, meteorological elements of single station and NCEP reanalysis data to analyze the cause of a local extreme rainstorm happened on 15 May 2013 in Minqin of the arid desert area. The results showed that: this local rainstorm happened in the arid desert area which had very little precipitation, the rainstorm had the characteristics of special time, large rainfall intensity and long brewing time. The 500 hPa Xinjiang trough leading the cold air southward, low-shear line moving slow eastward, and ground wind field convergence were the major system which affected the extreme rainstorm. The water vapor gathered in southwest and southeast direction, the southeast jet was the main source. Low-level convergence, high-level divergence and the whole layer ascending motion were the dynamic conditions; the high value areas of K index, CAPE index and Si index, the high energy tongue areas of θse stretching position north by east were coincided with the rainstorm area; the combination and development of two convective cloud clusters was the important cause of the rainstorm.