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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 8-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050186

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施磷量对春小麦产量及种子活力的影响

宋勤璟,贾永红,刘孝成,张金汕,吴薇,祖丽胡玛尔·阿卜杜热依木,吴娜尔·努尔丹汗,石书兵   

  1. 新疆农业大学,新疆农业科学院 奇台麦类试验站,新疆农业大学 农学院,新疆农业大学 农学院,新疆农业大学 农学院,新疆农业大学 农学院,新疆农业大学 农学院,新疆农业大学 农学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-31 修回日期:2016-06-23 接受日期:2016-06-23 出版日期:2017-02-10 发布日期:2017-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 石书兵
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业项目“主要农作物高活力种子生产关键技术研究与示范”(201303002)。

Different Phosphate Application Amounts Affecting Yield and Seed Vigor of Spring Wheat

  • Received:2016-05-31 Revised:2016-06-23 Accepted:2016-06-23 Online:2017-02-10 Published:2017-02-10

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摘要： 本试验旨在研究施磷量与小麦产量及其构成因素、小麦种子活力影响，为生产中合理施用磷肥、生产高活力种子、提高小麦产量提供理论依据。采用裂区试验设计，以春小麦‘新春26号’(A1)、‘新春34号’(A2)为主区，施磷量为副区，设P0、P1、P2、P3、P4共5个水平，分别为0、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2。结果表明，施磷量对春小麦干物质总量、籽粒产量、收获指数、穗粒数、千粒重、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗根长、幼苗苗长均有极显著性影响(P<0.01)，对主穗长、结实小穗数影响不显著(P>0.05)；品种间籽粒产量有极显著性差异(P<0.01)，主穗长呈显著差异(P<0.05)；种子活力与籽粒产量有显著相关性，与主穗长、结实小穗数、千粒重、施磷量间有着极显著相关性。在0~135 kg/hm2范围内增施磷肥能够增加小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量，提高种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数，增加其干鲜重、根系长度，提高春小麦种子活力；但过量施用磷肥不利于小麦产量及其构成因素的进一步提高。磷肥施用量为135 kg/hm2时，2个品种春小麦产量及种子活力显著高于其他各施磷处理，因此从经济角度来看，磷肥最适施加量为135 kg/hm2。

关键词: 高原边坡回流雾, 高原边坡回流雾, 气候特征, 影响因素

Abstract: The paper aimed at studying the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on seed vitality, yield and yield components of wheat, and provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer, produce high energy seed and improve wheat yield. Split plot experiments were designed with spring wheat varieties ‘Xinchun 26’(A1) and‘Xinchun 34’(A2) as the primary section and application amount of phosphoric fertilizer as the secondary section. Application amounts of phosphoric fertilizer were set into five levels which were 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg/hm2, represented by P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively. The results showed that the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer had extremely significant effect on dry matter content, grain yield, harvest index, grains per spike, thousand seed weight, germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling root length and seedling length (P <0.01), but had no significant effect on spike length and fertile spike number (P >0.05). There was extremely significant difference of grain yield between the two varieties (P <0.01), and there was significant difference of spike length (P <0.05). Seed vigor index had a significant correlation with grain yield, and had extremely significant correlations with the main spike length, fertile spike number, thousand seed weight and application amount of phosphorus fertilizer. Increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer within 0-135 kg/hm2 could increase the kernels per spike, thousand seed weight and grain yield, seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, root length, seed vigor of spring wheat. However, excessive amount of P was not conducive to further improve wheat yield and yield components. When the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2, yield and seed vigor of the two varieties were significantly higher than that of other application amounts, thus, from an economic point, the optimal application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2.