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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (14): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080063

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 •    下一篇

结实期人工模拟倒伏对水稻生长和产量的影响

赵新勇,景立权,吴艳珍,王云霞,杨连新,王余龙   

  1. 扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学 环境科学与工程学院,扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-15 修回日期:2016-09-08 接受日期:2016-09-22 出版日期:2017-05-25 发布日期:2017-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨连新
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“大气CO2/O3浓度升高条件下水稻倒伏的成因与调控研究”(31371563)；江苏高校优秀科技创新团队“粮食作超高产栽 培理论与技术”；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目。

Impacts of Artificial Lodging at Grain Filling Stage on Rice Growth and Yield

杨连新 and   

  • Received:2016-08-15 Revised:2016-09-08 Accepted:2016-09-22 Online:2017-05-25 Published:2017-05-25

PDF (PC)

381

摘要： 2015 年土培条件下，以‘日本晴’和‘L81’为供试材料，在抽穗后20、10 天进行人工模拟倒伏处理，研究结实阶段不同时期倒伏对水稻籽粒产量、产量构成以及物质生产和分配的影响。结果表明：抽穗后20、10 天人工倒伏处理使‘日本晴’籽粒产量平均下降8% (P＞0.1)、20% (P＜0.1)，使‘L81’平均分别下降21% (P＜0.01)、29% (P＜0.01)。人工倒伏处理对供试品种单位面积穗数和每穗颖花数均无影响，但使结实能力明显下降：抽穗后20、10 天倒伏处理使‘日本晴’饱粒率分别下降8%、16%，使‘L81’分别下降16%、21%，均达显著或极显著水平；水稻饱粒重、所有籽粒平均粒重表现出相似的趋势，但降幅均小于饱粒率。品种与抽穗后20 天或10 天倒伏处理对水稻结实能力特别是饱粒率有交互作用。两期人工倒伏处理使地上部总干重和各器官干重均显著或极显著下降，最大降幅达31%。与此不同，人工倒伏对两品种特别是‘L81’物质分配的影响因处理时期而异：抽穗后10 天倒伏处理使生物量在生殖器官中的分配比例减少，而抽穗后20 天倒伏处理表现出相反的趋势。本试验结果表明：结实期倒伏对水稻最终产量的影响因供试品种和倒伏发生时期而异，倒伏引起的产量损失主要与结实能力特别是饱粒率下降有关，后者可能又与灌浆结实期光合生产能力下降有关。

关键词: 成孔机构, 成孔机构, 土壤, 力学模型, 抗剪承载力, 摩擦阻力

Abstract: Rice plants of Nipponbare and L81 were grown in cement pool filled with paddy soil, and artificial lodging was induced at 20 days after heading or 10 days after heading. [Objective] The impacts of artificial lodging at different grain filling stages on rice growth, grain yield, yield components, and dry matter production and distribution were investigated. [Result] The artificial lodging treatments of 20 days after heading and 10 days after heading decreased the grain yield of Nipponbare by 8% (p>0.1) and 20% (p<0.01), and that of L81 by 21% (p<0.01) and 29% (p<0.01), respectively. The number of panicle per unit area and spikelet number per panicle were not influenced by artificial lodging, but rice grain filling capacity was greatly reduced. The treatments of 20 days after heading and 10 days after heading significantly decreased the full-filled grain percentage of Nipponbare by 8% and 16%, and that of L81 by 16% and 21%, respectively. Sim-ilar but less treatment effects were detected on full-filled grain weight and the average weight of all grains. Sig-nificant variety by treatment interactions (20 days after heading or 10 days after heading) were detected on full-filled grain percentage. Two treatments of artificial lodging significantly reduced total dry weight and the dry weight of each aerial organ, and the biggest reduction was 31% (p<0.01). On the contrary, the effects of artificial lodging on the dry matter distribution of two cultivars, in particular L81, depended on the treatment time: the treatment of L10 reduced the proportion of biomass distributed in the reproductive organs, but the treatments of 20 days after heading showed the opposite trend. [Conclusion] The experimental results show that the impacts of lodging during grain filling stage on rice grain yield varied with rice varieties and the time of lodging. The yield loss caused by lodging mainly associated with the decrease in grain filling capacity, especially the full-filled grain percentage, the latter may be related to the decrease in leaf photosynthetic capacity during grain filling stage.