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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (29): 49-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080139

所属专题： 园艺； 农业气象

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽泾县春茶开采期预报及气候品质评价

孙秀邦1,陶曙华1,田 青1,曹树新2,刘瑞娜3,王周青1,陈欣鑫1   

  1. (1宣城市气象局,安徽宣城 242000；2泾县气象局,安徽泾县 242500；3安徽省农业气象中心,合肥 230031）
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-30 修回日期:2017-03-27 接受日期:2017-03-30 出版日期:2017-10-24 发布日期:2017-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 孙秀邦
  • 基金资助:
    2015年度安徽省气象局科技发展基金项目“茶树鲜叶品质气候评价关键技术研究”(KM201518)。

Forecast of First Plucking Date of Spring Tea and Evaluation of Tea Climate Quality Grade in Jingxian, Anhui

Sun Xiubang1, Tao Shuhua1, Tian Qing1, Cao Shuxin2, Liu Ruina3, Wang Zhouqing1, Chen Xinxin1   

  1. (1Xuancheng Meteorological Bureau, Xuancheng Anhui 242000; 2Jingxian Meteorological Bureau, Jingxian Anhui 242500; 3Anhui Agricultural Meteorological Center, Hefei 230031)
  • Received:2016-08-30 Revised:2017-03-27 Accepted:2017-03-30 Online:2017-10-24 Published:2017-10-24

摘要： 为了探究气候条件对春茶开采期和品质的影响，基于2013—2016年安徽翰林茶叶有限公司“绿环兰香”茶叶基地区域气象站资料和生育期观测资料，建立春茶开采期积温预报模型。此外，在茶叶气候品质评价气象指标和气候适宜指数构建基础上，利用分层聚类分析方法，得出茶叶气候品质评价等级标准。结果表明：当≥7℃活动积温和有效积温分别达396.7℃和153.6℃时，春茶进入开采期。春茶品质形成的最适气象指标为日平均气温在12~14℃，平均相对湿度大于80%，平均日照时间在3~6 h，其中倒春寒天气对茶叶品质影响最大。气候适宜指数和分层聚类结果表明，泾县地区气候条件总体有利于优质茶的形成，特优和优气候等级年份占56%，良等级占比19%，一般等级占比25%。试验数据检验表明，春茶气候品质等级与品质等级相一致，茶叶气候品质等级评价办法能够基本反映茶叶品质情况。

关键词: 水田, 水田, 利用方式, 土壤, 化学性状, 酸化

Abstract: The climatic conditions have obvious influence on the spring tea first plucking and quality. Based on the data of regional automatic weather station from 2013 to 2016 in tea plantation of Lvhuanlanxiang which belongs to Anhui Hanlin Tea Company. The Forecast model of first plucking date of spring tea is established. Besides,Based on National Meteorological Stations data of Jingxian County from 1960 to 2016 and regional automatic weather station data from 2013 to 2016 and tea growing period observation data , the tea meteorological indices of climate quality evaluation and climate suitability indices were established. With hierarchical cluster analysis method, tea climate quality evaluation grade standard was established. Lastly, combined with field experiment, tea climate quality was verified. The results showed that Daily mean temperature of 7℃ is of great benefit to tea sprout and growth . when more than 7℃ active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature reaches to 396.7 and 153.6℃, first plucking date of spring tea will come. This prediction method has better stability. the key period of tea quality is 15 days before the harvest, which is from March 21st to April 4th. The optimum meteorological index for tea quality has three aspects. Firstly, the average temperature is in 12-14 ℃;Secondly, average relative humidity is greater than 80% ; Lastly, average sunshine time in 3-6h. with regard to temperature, late spring coldness has great influence on the quality of tea. Climatic suitability index and hierarchical clustering results show that climatic conditions in Jingxian county overall conducive to the formation of high quality tea. The winner and excellent climate grade year accounted for 56% in 57 years, good grade accounted for 19%, the grade of general accounting for 25%. Testing experimental data show that spring climate quality level agree with tea quality level, tea climate quality grade evaluation method is consistent with tea quality.