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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (33): 130-134.

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

连续施用控释氮肥对超级水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤养分变化的影响

李敏 李广涛 叶舒娅 刘枫 袁嫚嫚 郭熙盛   

  • 收稿日期:2012-05-28 修回日期:2012-07-27 出版日期:2012-11-25 发布日期:2012-11-25
  • 基金资助:

    “十二五”国家科技支撑计划“缓控释肥产业化技术集成与示范”

Effect of Super-rice Yield, Apparent N Recovery Rates and Soil Nutrients Change by Long-term Applying Controlled-release Nitrogen

  • Received:2012-05-28 Revised:2012-07-27 Online:2012-11-25 Published:2012-11-25

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摘要：

为了明确树脂包膜控释氮肥在超级水稻上的应用效果，通过树脂包膜控释氮肥小区定位试验，以常规施肥为对照，分析了控释氮肥不同配比和用量连续施用对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及收获后土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明，水稻产量以CRU 50%+PU 50%处理最高为11200.5 kg/hm2，与CRU 70%+PU 30%无显著差异，但极显著高于其他施氮处理，70%氮肥用量控释氮肥处理效果优于一次施用普通氮肥处理，与分次施用普通氮肥相当。100%氮肥用量控释氮肥配施普通氮肥处理通过增加水稻穗长、总粒数、实粒数和千粒重，达到增产效果。随着氮肥施用量增加，氮肥利用率显著降低，施用控释氮肥各处理显著高于施用普通氮肥处理，其中CRU 42%+PU 28%和CRU 70%氮肥利用率为53.73%和52.06%，显著高于其他处理8.90~29.29个百分点和7.23~27.62个百分点。水稻收获后70%氮肥用量施用控释氮肥土壤养分含量最高。70%氮肥用量的CRU 42%+PU 28%处理达到节本、增效目的，在超级水稻应用效果最好。本试验结果为控释氮肥在超级水稻上合理施用提供参考数据。

关键词: 正交设计, 正交设计

Abstract:

The low N use efficiency are not only resource-wasting, but also seriously impact soil, air, water and surrounding environments. This study aimed to clarify the application result of controlled-release nitrogen coated with polyethylene in supper-rice. With conventional nitrogen as control, the effect of super-rice yield, apparent N recovery rates and soil nutrients change long-term applying controlled-release nitrogen were determined through the fixed position experiments of controlled release nitrogen. The results showed that, the CRU 50%+PU 50% of rice yield reached the highest and rice yield reached 11200.5 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference between the CRU 50%+PU 50% and CRU 70%+PU 30%, but they were significantly higher than else nitrogen. The decreasing nitrogen treatment of applying controlled-release nitrogen were superior to common nitrogen as a base fertilizer and equivalent to common nitrogen as top fertilizer. The total content nitrogen of combined application of controlled-release nitrogen and common nitrogen could increase spike length, the number of grain per ear, filled grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. Nitrogen recovery of rice controlled-release nitrogen treatments were significantly higher than common nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen recovery of CRU 42%+PU 28% and CRU 70% were 53.73% and 52.06%, significantly over 8.90%-29.29% and 7.23%-27.62%, respectively. After harvest the soil nutrients were the most in 70% content nitrogen of controlled-release nitrogen. CRU 42%+PU 28% had notable effect on decreasing cost and increasing benefit, which provided a theoretical foundation for the application and promotion of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in super-rice.