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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (22): 103-109.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0641

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮耦合对渭北温室春茬番茄生长及土壤硝态氮累积的影响

孟延1(), 杨海燕2, 张飞1, 雷晓莹3, 赵银平1, 孙利萍1, 刘滔1, 赵增寿1   

  1. 1 渭南市农业科学研究院,陕西渭南 714000
    2 陕西省现代农业培训中心,西安 710000,
    3 蒲城县农业综合执法大队,陕西蒲城 715500
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-12 修回日期:2024-03-24 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-28
  • 作者简介:

    孟延,男,1990年出生,陕西渭南人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事植物营养与水肥调控相关研究。通信地址:714000 陕西省渭南市临渭区朝阳大街中段农业大厦A座4层 渭南市农业科学研究院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目“渭南市设施番茄水肥一体化技术研究与示范”(LM20160005)

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Spring Tomato Growth and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in Greenhouse of Northern Weihe River Basin

MENG Yan1(), YANG Haiyan2, ZHANG Fei1, LEI Xiaoying3, ZHAO Yinping1, SUN Liping1, LIU Tao1, ZHAO Zengshou1   

  1. 1 Weinan Agricultural Science Research Academy, Weinan, Shaanxi 714000
    2 Shaanxi Modern Agriculture Training Center, Xi’an 710000
    3 Pucheng Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade, Pucheng, Shaanxi 715500
  • Received:2023-09-12 Revised:2024-03-24 Published:2024-07-28 Online:2024-07-28

摘要:

为探究陕西渭北地区早春茬设施番茄的适宜施氮量和灌水量,选用‘金棚10号’番茄,以当地设施番茄全生育期常规氮用量450 kg·N/hm2+水用量3000 m3/hm2(C1T1)为对照,设置不同的氮肥用量(C1常规、C2减氮20%、C3减氮40%)和灌水梯度(T1常规、T2减水30%)共组成6个处理,通过水肥一体化方式在番茄不同生长期施肥,对比分析番茄产量、品质以及土壤硝态氮的变化。结果表明,所有减氮减水处理和常规处理之间番茄总产量均无显著性差异,但以施氮量为主因素时C3水平的平均产量显著低于常规和C2;除蛋白质含量外其余番茄品质指标均未表现出明显差异,隶属函数法显示C2T2处理的番茄品质结果综合排序最优;土壤硝态氮在地下0~200 cm累积量随施氮量的减少而减少,随灌水量的减少而增加,不同处理硝态氮累积量范围在1028.38~1302.80 kg/hm2,100 cm以上土层的累积量占0~200 cm总累积量的59.9%~69.5%。从水肥投入与产出效益的平衡来看,C1T2、C2T1与常规处理基本持平,C2T2较常规处理增加效益2050元/hm2

关键词: 日光温室, 番茄, 减氮, 节水, 土壤硝态氮

Abstract:

In order to study the suitable nitrogen and irrigation application rate on early-spring facility tomato in northern Weihe river basin of Shaanxi, the experiment used ‘Jinpeng No.10’ tomato as test plant, taking local usual N fertilizer amount (450 kg·N/hm2) and irrigation amount (3000 m3/hm2) as the control (C1T1). Six treatments were designed by different nitrogen rates (C1-conventional treatment, C2-reduction 20%, C3-reduction 40%) and irrigation rates (T1-conventional treatment, T2-reduction 30%). Fertilizers were applied by water-fertilizer integration at different tomato growth stages. Tomato yield, quality and soil nitrate nitrogen were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the tomato yield between nitrogen-water reduction treatments and conventional treatment. However, the average yield of C3 level was significantly lower than conventional and C2 treatment when N application rate was the main analysis factor. Except for protein content, other tomato quality indexes were no significant differences. The membership function method showed that the quality results ranking of C2T2 was the best. Soil nitrate-N accumulation in 0-200 cm underground decreased with the decrease of N application rate, while increased with the decrease of irrigation amount. The total nitrate-N amounts of different treatments ranged from 1028.38 to 1302.80 kg/hm2, accumulation of soil layer within 100 cm accounted for 59.9%-69.5% of the total nitrate-N amounts. From the balance of irrigation, fertilizer input and yield output, C1T2, C2T1 is basically the same as the control, C2T2 increases the benefit by 2050 yuan/hm2.

Key words: greenhouse, tomato, nitrogen reduction, water-saving, soil nitrate nitrogen