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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 139-144.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0223

• 盐碱地多样化生态化特色化综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国盐碱耕地小麦种业科技创新研究进展

娄鸿耀(), 陈兆波, 刘铎, 高宇天, 李宏博, 王拯(), 张胜全()   

  1. 北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所，北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 通讯作者:
    张胜全，男，1982年出生，山东菏泽人，研究员，博士，研究方向：作物生理栽培。通信地址：100097 北京市海淀区曙光花园中路9号 北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所，E-mail：；
    王拯，男，1983年出生，陕西渭南人，高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：生长调控与应用。通信地址：100097 北京市海淀区曙光花园中路9号北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    娄鸿耀，男，1992年出生，河北唐山人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：作物遗传育种。通信地址：100097 北京市海淀区曙光花园中路9号 北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市农林科学院青年科研基金“盐分胁迫对小麦穗部性状影响及调控研究”(QNJJ202402); 北京市乡村振兴农业科技项目“耐盐碱杂交小麦分子育种技术创新与新品种选育”(NY2401050024)

Research Progress on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Wheat Seed Industry in Saline-Alkali Cultivated Land in China

LOU Hongyao(), CHEN Zhaobo, LIU Duo, GAO Yutian, LI Hongbo, WANG Zheng(), ZHANG Shengquan()   

  1. Hybrid Wheat Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-07-03 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

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摘要： 本研究系统梳理了中国盐碱耕地小麦种业科技创新进展，分析了当前技术瓶颈，旨在为提升盐碱地小麦产能提供理论支撑。采用文献综述与实证分析方法，整合了耐盐碱种质创制、基因挖掘、品种选育及示范推广等研究成果，并结合区域盐碱地特征与政策导向进行了综合分析。结果表明，中国在耐盐碱小麦种业科技创新方面取得显著进展：创制了一批耐盐碱新种质，挖掘了TaSRO1、TaHKT1;5-D等关键基因；培育出‘京麦189’等10个国审耐盐碱小麦品种，区域试验平均产量达7410 kg/hm²，增产7.3%；建立了环渤海与南疆两大耐盐碱试验体系，示范推广面积超1.87万hm²。然而，当前仍存在育种水平有待提高、技术体系不够完善、推广力度不足等问题。因此，未来需加强基因挖掘与分子设计育种，构建高效技术体系，推动耐盐碱品种规模化应用，为盐碱地粮食安全战略提供有力的科技支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 耐盐碱, 种业, 科技创新

Abstract:

This study systematically reviews the scientific and technological advancements in wheat breeding for saline-alkali farmland in China, analyzes current technical bottlenecks, and provides theoretical support for enhancing wheat productivity in saline-alkali soils. Through literature review and empirical analysis, we integrated research achievements in salt-alkali-tolerant germplasm development, gene discovery, variety breeding, and demonstration promotion, while considering regional saline-alkali soil characteristics and policy orientations. The results demonstrate significant progress in salt-alkali-tolerant wheat breeding innovations in China. A series of novel salt-alkali-tolerant germplasms have been developed, with key functional genes such as TaSRO1 and TaHKT1;5-D being identified. Ten nationally certified salt-alkali-tolerant wheat varieties, including 'Jingmai 189', have been bred, achieving an average yield of 7410 kg/hm2 in regional trials with a 7.3% yield increase. Two major saline-alkali tolerance testing systems have been established in the Bohai Rim and Southern Xinjiang, with demonstration and promotion areas exceeding 18700 hm2. However, the study also reveals existing challenges, including suboptimal breeding efficiency, incomplete technical systems, and inadequate promotion efforts. Therefore, future efforts should focus on enhancing gene discovery and molecular design breeding, establishing an efficient technical system, and promoting large-scale application of salt-alkali-tolerant varieties to provide scientific and technological support for China's food security strategy in saline-alkali regions.

Key words: wheat, saline-alkali tolerance, seed industry, scientific and technological innovation