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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 104-110.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0121

• 生物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于转录组技术揭示酵母菌提高蛋鸡生产性能的潜在机制

刘宇1(), 李新新2, 潘兴亮1, 王重庆1, 张闻1, 梁静泊1, 李复煌1, 刘钧1()   

  1. 1 北京市畜牧总站，北京 100012
    2 河南农业大学，郑州 450000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    刘钧，男，1969年出生，北京人，农业技术推广研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事畜禽健康养殖研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘宇，女，1992年出生，河南信阳人，畜牧师，硕士研究生，研究方向：畜禽健康养殖研究。通信地址：102200 北京市北苑路甲15号 北京市畜牧总站，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市家禽创新团队“营养与饲料功能研究室健康养殖岗位”(BAIC062024)

Potential Mechanism of Yeast Improving Production Performance of Laying Hens Based on Transcriptome Technology

LIU Yu1(), LI Xinxin2, PAN Xingliang1, WANG Chongqing1, ZHANG Wen1, LIANG Jingbo1, LI Fuhuang1, LIU Jun1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100012
    2 Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-04-03 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

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摘要： 本研究利用转录组学和基因组学技术，旨在揭示饲粮添加酵母菌改善蛋鸡生产性能的潜在机制，解决目前酵母菌作用机制不明确的问题。结果发现，酵母菌显著改变了蛋鸡盲肠菌群结构，具体表现为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度增加，同时拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、狄氏副拟杆菌(Parabacteroides distasonis)、普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)和考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)等有益菌属的相对丰度显著提升，而理研菌属(Rikenella)的相对丰度显著降低。此外，有329个基因在回肠粘膜组织中差异表达，其中有184个基因表达水平上调和145个基因表达水平下调，涉及氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢等相关通路。这些变化共同提高了蛋鸡对饲料中营养物质的吸收与利用效率。本研究揭示了酵母菌通过调控盲肠微生物菌群结构和回肠黏膜关键基因表达，提高蛋鸡饲料利用率的分子机制，为酵母菌作为绿色、安全的新型抗生素替代品的应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 蛋鸡, 酵母菌, 基因组学, 转录组学, 生产性能

Abstract:

This study aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of yeast supplementation in diets for laying hens to improve their production performance and solve the problem of unclear yeast working mechanism using transcriptomics and genomics technologies. Compared to the basal diet group, yeast supplementation in laying hen diets increased the Chao and Shannon indices of the cecal microbiota (P>0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased in the yeast-supplemented group (P>0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides distasonis, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium also increased (P>0.05). Additionally, the relative abundance of Rikenella was significantly decreased compared to the basal diet group (P≤0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 329 genes were differentially expressed in ileal mucosal tissues, with 184 genes upregulated and 145 genes down regulated. These changes together improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients in diets for laying hens. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of yeast in improving the diets utilization rate of laying hens by regulating the structure of cecal microbiota and the expression of key genes in ileum mucosa, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of yeast as a green and safe new antibiotic substitute.

Key words: laying hens, yeast, genomics, transcriptomics, production performance