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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 8-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0021

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施氮水平下喷施ABA对不同夏玉米品种产量和品质的影响

张盼盼1(), 邵运辉1(), 穆蔚林1, 郭涵潇1, 韩琳琳2, 李川1, 张美微1, 赵双锁3, 胡彦奇4, 宋建华5, 乔江方1()   

  1. 1 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州 450002
    2 河南秋乐种业科技股份有限公司,郑州 450066
    3 三门峡市农业科学研究院,河南三门峡 472000
    4 舞阳县农业技术推广中心,河南漯河 462400
    5 周口职业技术学院,河南周口 466000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02 修回日期:2025-05-21 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    邵运辉,男,1976年出生,河南周口人,研究员,博士,主要从事作物氮素高效利用研究。通信地址:450002 河南省郑州市花园路116号,Tel:0371-65739084,E-mail:
    乔江方,男,1982年出生,河南洛阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事玉米籽粒脱水机制研究。通信地址:450002 河南省郑州市花园路116号,Tel:0371-65739084,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张盼盼,女,1987年出生,河南开封人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事玉米氮素营养管理研究。通信地址:450002 河南省郑州市花园路116号,Tel:0371-65739084,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“高淀粉玉米产前产中提质增效配套技术模式构建”(2022YFD2300805); 河南省玉米产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HARS-22-02-G2); 玉米生物育种全国重点实验室

Effect of Foliar Exogenous ABA on Grain Yield and Quality of Different Maize Varieties Under Different N Rates

ZHANG Panpan1(), SHAO Yunhui1(), MU Weilin1, GUO Hanxiao1, HAN Linlin2, LI Chuan1, ZHANG Meiwei1, ZHAO Shuangsuo3, HU Yanqi4, SONG Jianhua5, QIAO Jiangfang1()   

  1. 1 Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
    2 Henan Qiule Seeds Technology, CO. LTD, Zhengzhou 450002
    3 Sanmenxia Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000
    4 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Wuyang County, Luohe, Henan 462400
    5 Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Zhoukou, Henan 466000
  • Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-05-21 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

摘要: 为探究减氮条件下植物内源激素脱落酸(ABA)对玉米籽粒品质的影响,在河南省周口市西华县农业科学研究所试验基地开展大田试验,以黄淮海地区主栽玉米‘郑单958’‘隆平638’‘裕丰303’和‘秋乐368’4个品种为研究对象,设225、180、90 kg/hm2等3个施氮水平,以及吐丝后不喷施ABA和喷施ABA等2个喷施处理,测定玉米产量、淀粉、蛋白质、粗纤维和粗脂肪含量,研究不同施氮条件下喷施ABA对不同品种夏玉米产量和品质的影响。结果显示:施氮量降低后玉米籽粒产量显著下降;喷施ABA对产量无显著影响;各品种以‘秋乐368’产量最低,为8.62 t/hm2;各处理以‘裕丰303’正常氮不喷施ABA的处理产量最高,‘裕丰303’正常氮喷施ABA与之无显著差异。以225 kg/hm2下籽粒总淀粉含量及其产量为最高,分别为74.96%和7.08 t/hm2,支链淀粉含量及其产量趋势与之相似,施氮处理对籽粒蛋白质产量、醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白和粗脂肪含量无显著影响;喷施ABA后,籽粒淀粉的含量和产量及其组分的产量、蛋白质的含量和产量、粗纤维含量均显著下降;各品种以‘裕丰303’淀粉含量、淀粉及其组分产量为最高,以‘秋乐368’蛋白质含量最高,但蛋白质、粗纤维产量最低;各处理以‘裕丰303’正常氮喷施ABA处理下总淀粉含量及其产量、支链淀粉产量和蛋白质产量最高。研究发现,本试验条件下,施用氮肥225 kg/hm2配合吐丝后3 d喷施40 mg/L ABA溶液2000 L/hm2,能够提高‘裕丰303’的籽粒产量、总淀粉含量、淀粉和支链淀粉以及蛋白质产量,达到玉米生产的高产、优质。

关键词: 夏玉米, 氮肥施用, 脱落酸, 籽粒产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

To explore the effect of plant endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA) on maize grain quality under nitrogen reduction conditions, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Xihua County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. Four major summer maize cultivars, including ‘ZD958’, ‘LP638’, ‘YF303’ and ‘QL368’, were selected as experimental materials, and three N application of 225, 180 and 90 kg/hm2, and two foliar ABA treatments of no foliar ABA and foliar ABA were setup. The effect of foliar ABA under the different nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and quality among the varieties was researched. The results showed that the grain yield reduced under the nitrogen fertilization reduction, and spraying ABA had no significant effect on yield. ‘QL368’ had the lowest yield of 8.62 t/hm2. The yield of ‘YF303’ treated with normal nitrogen without ABA was the highest, and there was no significant difference between ‘YF303’ treated with normal nitrogen and ABA. The total starch content and yield were the highest at 225 kg/hm2, which were 74.96 % and 7.08t/hm2 respectively, same trend as the amylopectin content among the nitrogen treatments. It had no effect on the protein yield and gliadin, glutenin and crude fat content among N treatments. Foliar ABA decreased the grain starch and its component content and yield, protein yield, and crude fiber content. ‘YF303’ had the highest starch and its component content and yield, and ‘QL368’ had the highest protein content and protein but lowest crude fiber content. Among the treatments, under N application of 225 kg/hm2 and foliar ABA, ‘YF303’ had the highest total starch content and yield, amylopectin and protein yield. Thus, in this condition, N application 225 kg/hm2 and foliar 40 mg/L ABA solution 2000 L/hm2 3 d after silking could increase grain yield, total starch content, and starch, amylopectin and protein yield of ‘YF303’, therefore resulting in high yield and quality in the maize productions.

Key words: summer maize, N application, abscisic acid (ABA), grain yield, grain quality