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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34): 63-73.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0436

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

广西肉桂叶表型多样性分析及优异种质筛选

龙丽冰1(), 梁伟1, 余果1, 覃政豪2, 黄荣韶1, 姚绍嫦1()   

  1. 1 广西中医药大学药学院，南宁 530200
    2 广西桂平悦达香料有限公司，广西桂平 537215
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2025-12-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 通讯作者:
    姚绍嫦，女，1980年出生，广西容县人，研究员，博士，研究方向为中药资源与分子生药学研究。通信地址：530200 广西壮族自治区南宁市青秀区仙葫经济开发区五合大道13号 广西中医药大学药学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    龙丽冰，女，2001年出生，广西陆川人，在读研究生，研究方向为中药（壮瑶药）资源开发。通信地址：530200 广西壮族自治区南宁市青秀区仙葫经济开发区五合大道13号 广西中医药大学药学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广西研究生教育创新计划项目“肉桂核心种质构建及组培快速繁殖技术研究”(YCSW2025453); 中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目“肉桂种质资源与精深加工产品研发科技创新平台建设的研究”(桂科ZY22096003); 广西科技重大专项“五种‘桂十味’药材高质量生产关键技术及系列健康产品开发研究”(桂科AA22096029)

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Guangxi Cinnamomum cassia Leaves and Screening for Excellent Germplasm

LONG Libing1(), LIANG Wei1, YU Guo1, QIN Zhenghao2, HUANG Rongshao1, YAO Shaochang1()   

  1. 1 College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200
    2 Guangxi Guiping Yueda Perfume Co., Ltd., Guiping, Guangxi 537215
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-09-25 Published:2025-12-04 Online:2025-12-04

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摘要：

肉桂叶是肉桂挥发油提取的主要原料，但目前生产上缺乏叶用型肉桂的优异种质资源，制约了肉桂产业的高质量发展。为探究肉桂种质资源叶表型性状和挥发油含量的多样性，筛选出高含油量的叶用型种质，以广西主产区300份F1代生长期为3年的实生苗为试验材料，系统测定12个表型性状（9个数量性状、3个质量性状），结合多元统计分析解析表型多样性并筛选优异种质。结果表明：（1）叶挥发油含量变化幅度为0.15%~1.56%，均值0.62%，其中PN2种质含量最高(1.56%)。（2）数量性状遗传多样性显著高于质量性状，9个数量性状的变异系数(CV)为9.54%~48.11%（枝下高CV最高）、多样性指数(H’)为1.968~2.729（叶挥发油含量H’最高），3个质量性状的CV为12.61%~30.88%、H’为0.085~0.678。9个数量性状的遗传多样性指数远高于3个质量性状。（3）相关性分析显示，叶挥发油含量与株高、枝下高、叶长、叶宽、叶折干率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，与冠幅呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，与叶厚呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。（4）主成分分析提取8个主成分，累计贡献率为86.706%，反映肉桂种质大部分遗传信息，其中株高、冠幅、叶长为核心影响因子。（5）聚类分析将300份肉桂种质分成3类，Ⅰ类群（53份）综合表现最优（平均挥发油含量0.70%、综合得分0.53），经综合考虑评价得分与叶挥发油含量，从中筛选出PN5、PN11、PN18、PN20等9份种质（挥发油含量0.885%~1.305%，综合得分0.563~0.691）。本研究为肉桂叶用型品种选育提供了优质种质与理论支撑。

关键词: 肉桂, 叶用型种质, 表型性状, 挥发油含量, 优异种质, 相关性分析, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

Cinnamon leaves are the primary source of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil. However, the lack of specialized leaf-oriented cultivars currently hinders the high-quality development of the cinnamon industry. To explore the diversity of leaf phenotypic traits and volatile oil content among different germplasms, and to screen elite leaf-use cultivars with high oil yields, this study was conducted using 300 accessions of 3-year-old F1 progeny seedlings from Guangxi. Twelve phenotypic traits (nine quantitative and three qualitative) were systematically measured, and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to decipher the phenotypic diversity and identify superior germplasm. The results are as follows. (1) The volatile oil content in the leaves of 300 cinnamon accessions ranged from 0.15% to 1.56%, with an average of 0.62%. Accession PN2 exhibited the highest content (1.56%). (2) The genetic diversity of quantitative traits was significantly higher than that of qualitative traits. For the nine quantitative traits, the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 9.54% to 48.11% (with branch height showing the highest CV), and the diversity index (H’) ranged from 1.968 to 2.729 (with leaf volatile oil content recording the highest H’). In contrast, the three qualitative traits exhibited a CV of 12.61% to 30.88% and an H’ of 0.085 to 0.678. The genetic diversity index of nine quantitative traits was much higher than that of three qualitative traits. (3) Correlation analysis revealed that the leaf volatile oil content was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, branch height, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf drying rate (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with crown width (P<0.05). In contrast, a highly significant negative correlation was observed with leaf thickness (P<0.01). (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded eight principal components, which collectively accounted for 86.706% of the total variance, thereby capturing the majority of the genetic information in the cinnamon germplasm. Plant height, crown width, and leaf length were identified as the key contributing factors. (5) Cluster analysis categorized the 300 germplasm accessions into 3 distinct groups. Group I (53 accessions) demonstrated the best overall performance, with a mean volatile oil content of 0.70% and a comprehensive score of 0.53. Based on a combined evaluation of these scores and oil content, 9 excellent accessions (PN5, PN11, PN18, PN20, etc.) were selected from this group, with volatile oil contents ranging from 0.885% to 1.305% and comprehensive scores between 0.563 and 0.691. This study provides high-quality germplasm resources and a theoretical foundation for breeding leaf-use cinnamon varieties.

Key words: cinnamon, leaf-use varieties, phenotypic traits, volatile oil content, excellent germplasm, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis