兰花花色素沉着调控机理的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0347

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 84-91.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0347

兰花花色素沉着调控机理的研究进展

汪锦¹(), 万斌¹, 涂勋良¹, 蒋彧¹(), 邓家洪²

¹ 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/农业农村部西南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，成都 610000
² 成都居然兰花种植有限公司，成都 610000

收稿日期:2025-05-09 修回日期:2025-10-25 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
通讯作者:
蒋彧，女，1983年出生，四川成都人，研究员，博士，研究方向为花卉育种与栽培。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺路20号四川省农业科学院园艺研究所，Tel：028-84504173，E-mail：iamjiangyu@163.com。
作者简介:
汪锦，女，1995年出生，四川德阳人，实习研究员，硕士，研究方向为花卉育种与栽培。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺路20号四川省农业科学院园艺研究所，Tel：028-84504173，E-mail：jinwang0529@163.com。
基金资助:
省财政自主创新专项项目“国兰新种质创制研究”(2022ZZCX047); 四川省育种攻关项目“国兰名优新品种选育及利用”(2021YFYZ0006); 国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-23-G58)

Research Progress on Regulatory Mechanism of Flower Color Pigmentation in Orchid

WANG Jin¹(), WAN Bin¹, TU Xunliang¹, JIANG Yu¹(), DENG Jiahong²

¹ Institute of Horticulture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610000
² Chengdu Juran Orchid Planting Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000

Received:2025-05-09 Revised:2025-10-25 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花色是兰花观赏价值与商业价值的核心，其形成与花色素的种类、含量及沉着模式密切相关。为系统解析兰花花色素沉着的调控机理，本文综述了兰花花色的主要物质基础（类黄酮、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素），重点归纳了花青素与类胡萝卜素合成途径中结构基因和调节基因的分子调控机制，包括结构基因通过表达类型与表达量决定花色类型（红、紫、黄等）和颜色强度；调节基因通过时空特异性表达，调控花瓣底色、斑点、斑块、脉纹等着色模式，其中MYB与bHLH转录因子的协同作用是着色模式形成的关键。同时，分析了光、温度、外源化学物质等环境因子通过调控关键基因表达间接影响花色素代谢的机制。文章对未来的研究方向提出展望，认为可在花色分类体系、视觉信号和着色模型构建的基础上，进一步完善兰花花色素合成的分子动态调控网络，并在着色模式的特异性调控机制上深入探索。研究旨在为未来兰花定向育种及基因编辑提供理论参考和应用支撑。

关键词: 兰花, 着色模式, 花色图案, 花色素沉着, 花青素, 类胡萝卜素, 分子机制, 结构基因, 调节基因

Abstract:

Flower color is the core of the ornamental and commercial value of orchids, and its formation is closely associated with the types, content, and deposition patterns of floral pigments. To systematically elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying pigment deposition in orchid flowers, this review summarizes the main pigment substances (flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls), with a particular focus on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of structural and regulatory genes in the anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Structural genes determine flower color types (e.g., red, purple, yellow) and color intensity through their expression patterns and levels, while regulatory genes control pigmentation patterns such as petal background color, spots, patches, and venation via spatiotemporally specific expression. Among these, the synergistic interaction between MYB and bHLH transcription factors plays a key role in the formation of pigmentation patterns. Additionally, this review analyzes how environmental factors such as light, temperature, and exogenous chemicals indirectly influence floral pigment metabolism by modulating the expression of key genes. Further efforts should aim to refine the molecular dynamic regulatory network of pigment synthesis in orchids and explore specific regulatory mechanisms underlying pigmentation patterns. This study aims to provide theoretical insights and practical support for future directed breeding and gene editing in orchids.

Key words: orchid, coloration pattern, floral color pattern, floral color pigmentation, anthocyanin, carotenoid, molecular mechanism, structural genes, regulatory genes

汪锦, 万斌, 涂勋良, 蒋彧, 邓家洪. 兰花花色素沉着调控机理的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(1): 84-91.

WANG Jin, WAN Bin, TU Xunliang, JIANG Yu, DENG Jiahong. Research Progress on Regulatory Mechanism of Flower Color Pigmentation in Orchid[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(1): 84-91.

图/表 2

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种类	色系	主要色素类型
蝴蝶兰	紫色	矢车菊素^[7]
菲律宾蝴蝶兰	紫色	矢车菊素、天竺葵素和飞燕草素^[20]
铁皮石斛	黄色	类胡萝卜素^[13]
金钗石斛	紫色	矢车菊素、芍药花素^[25]
金钗石斛	白色	黄酮醇^[25]
密花石斛	淡黄色	叶黄素^[17]
球花石斛	金黄色	叶黄素^[17]
鼓槌石斛	明黄色	玉米黄质、花药黄质、叶黄素^[17]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	紫色	矢车菊素^[10]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	粉红色	天竺葵素^[10]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	白色	不含花青素^[10]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	黄色	叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、新黄质等^[19]
文心兰‘Gower Ramsey’	黄色	紫黄质、新黄质^[26]
文心兰‘Gower Ramsey’	橙色	紫黄质、新黄质、β-胡萝卜素^[26]
杂交兰‘Big Chief Kirawee’	绿色	叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘Vanguard Mas Beauty’	绿色	叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘Jungfrau dos Pueblos’	白色	黄酮醇，极少量花青素，不含类胡萝卜素和叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘Virgin’	白色	黄酮醇，极少量花青素，不含类胡萝卜素和叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘福韵红霞’	红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素^[27]
杂交兰‘玉凤’	黄色	芍药花素、飞燕草素、黄酮醇^[27]
建兰	红色	矢车菊素、天竺葵素^[28]
建兰	黄绿色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[28]
墨兰	紫色、黄色	芍药花素、矮牵牛素、飞燕草素^[29]
春兰‘金黔缘’	暗黄色	飞燕草素、黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘黔明素’	亮黄色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘矢蝉’	黄白色	矢车菊素、飞燕草素、黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘阳明素’	乳白色	黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘锦绣黔缘’	红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素^[30]
春兰‘凝香紫’	紫红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[21]
寒兰	紫红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[23]
寒兰	白色	黄酮醇，缺少花青素^[23]
四川独蒜兰	玫瑰紫	矢车菊素、飞燕草素^[6]
杏黄兜兰	黄色	玉米黄质、叶黄素^[18]
硬叶兜兰	粉色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、叶黄素、玉米黄质^[31]

种类	色系	主要色素类型
蝴蝶兰	紫色	矢车菊素^[7]
菲律宾蝴蝶兰	紫色	矢车菊素、天竺葵素和飞燕草素^[20]
铁皮石斛	黄色	类胡萝卜素^[13]
金钗石斛	紫色	矢车菊素、芍药花素^[25]
金钗石斛	白色	黄酮醇^[25]
密花石斛	淡黄色	叶黄素^[17]
球花石斛	金黄色	叶黄素^[17]
鼓槌石斛	明黄色	玉米黄质、花药黄质、叶黄素^[17]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	紫色	矢车菊素^[10]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	粉红色	天竺葵素^[10]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	白色	不含花青素^[10]
蝴蝶兰型石斛	黄色	叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、新黄质等^[19]
文心兰‘Gower Ramsey’	黄色	紫黄质、新黄质^[26]
文心兰‘Gower Ramsey’	橙色	紫黄质、新黄质、β-胡萝卜素^[26]
杂交兰‘Big Chief Kirawee’	绿色	叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘Vanguard Mas Beauty’	绿色	叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘Jungfrau dos Pueblos’	白色	黄酮醇，极少量花青素，不含类胡萝卜素和叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘Virgin’	白色	黄酮醇，极少量花青素，不含类胡萝卜素和叶绿素^[9]
杂交兰‘福韵红霞’	红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素^[27]
杂交兰‘玉凤’	黄色	芍药花素、飞燕草素、黄酮醇^[27]
建兰	红色	矢车菊素、天竺葵素^[28]
建兰	黄绿色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[28]
墨兰	紫色、黄色	芍药花素、矮牵牛素、飞燕草素^[29]
春兰‘金黔缘’	暗黄色	飞燕草素、黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘黔明素’	亮黄色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘矢蝉’	黄白色	矢车菊素、飞燕草素、黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘阳明素’	乳白色	黄酮醇^[30]
春兰‘锦绣黔缘’	红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素^[30]
春兰‘凝香紫’	紫红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[21]
寒兰	紫红色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、黄酮醇^[23]
寒兰	白色	黄酮醇，缺少花青素^[23]
四川独蒜兰	玫瑰紫	矢车菊素、飞燕草素^[6]
杏黄兜兰	黄色	玉米黄质、叶黄素^[18]
硬叶兜兰	粉色	矢车菊素、芍药花素、叶黄素、玉米黄质^[31]

兰花花色素沉着调控机理的研究进展

Research Progress on Regulatory Mechanism of Flower Color Pigmentation in Orchid

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