根际促生菌筛选及促生机制研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0608

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 48-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0608

根际促生菌筛选及促生机制研究进展

刘嘉雯¹(), 顾沛雯², 张亮¹^,³(), 赵智鹏¹, 曹凌霄¹, 杨琼¹

¹ 宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院，银川 750021
² 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
³ 葡萄与葡萄酒教育部工程研究中心/宁夏葡萄与葡萄酒工程技术研究中心，银川 750021

收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
通讯作者:
张亮，男，1991年出生，甘肃秦安人，讲师，博士，主要从事葡萄矿质营养与生态化栽培方面的研究工作。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市，宁夏大学，E-mail：zl2022@nxu.edu.cn。
作者简介:
刘嘉雯，女，2001年出生，陕西西安人，硕士，研究方向：葡萄根际微生物及土壤矿质营养。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市，宁夏大学，E-mail：12024131733@stu.nxu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄水肥耦合及水分养分精准调控关键技术研究与示范”(2024BBF02003); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“酿酒葡萄根际PGPR筛选、功能及作用机制研究”(2023BCF01026-02); 国家自然科学基金项目“贺兰山东麓保护性耕作葡萄园土壤团聚体有机碳固存机制”(32360804)

Screening of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Research Progress on Growth-Promoting Mechanisms

LIU Jiawen¹(), GU Peiwen², ZHANG Liang¹^,³(), ZHAO Zhipeng¹, CAO Lingxiao¹, YANG Qiong¹

¹ College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
² College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
³ Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education/Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Yinchuan 750021

Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化学肥料过度施用引发土壤退化与生态污染，开发生物绿色替代技术已成为农业可持续发展的迫切需求。植物根际促生菌(PGPR)可通过养分活化、激素调控、信号通讯等途径促进作物生长与抗逆，是生态化栽培的关键生物资源。为系统梳理PGPR 筛选方法、促生机制及研究前沿，支撑宁夏贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄绿色生产需求，本文综述了传统单菌筛选与合成菌群构建策略，总结了PGPR调控根系发育、活化土壤养分、介导激素网络、释放挥发性物质(VOCs)等四大核心促生途径，阐述了转录组学在解析互作分子机制中的应用进展。研究表明，PGPR可通过多重促生途径使作物产量提升14.96%~56.67%，并显著增强抗旱、耐盐、抗病能力；合成菌群能克服单菌定殖不稳、功能单一等短板，表现出更稳定的促生防效。且已鉴定出一批优良菌株及关键功能基因。本文指出，当前研究存在PGPR田间定殖稳定性差、分子互作机制不明确等问题，提出未来需结合多组学技术优化菌群配方、强化田间验证，推动PGPR在精准生态化农业中的可持续应用。

关键词: 植物根际促生菌(PGPR), 促生机制, 合成菌群, 挥发性物质(VOCs), 根际互作, 转录组学

Abstract:

The excessive application of chemical fertilizers has caused soil degradation and ecological pollution. The development of bio-green alternative technologies has become an urgent need for sustainable agricultural development. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the key biological resources for ecological cultivation, which can promote crop growth and stress resistance through nutrient activation, hormone regulation and signal communication. To clarify the application potential of PGPR to meet the cultivation needs of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, and to provide theoretical support for the construction of green agricultural biological solutions, this paper systematically reviews relevant domestic and international research. It summarizes the traditional single-strain screening methods and synthetic community construction strategies for PGPR, and reviews their core growth-promoting mechanisms (nutrient mobilization, root system regulation, hormone network modulation, and volatile substance-mediated effects), as well as the application of transcriptomics technology in the study of interaction mechanisms. The paper focuses on analyzing the interaction pathways between PGPR and host plants. The research indicates that PGPR can significantly increase crop yields (by 14.96% to 56.67%) and enhance stress resistance through multiple growth-promoting pathways, and a number of excellent strains and key functional genes have been identified. This paper points out that current research faces problems such as poor colonization stability of PGPR in the field and unclear molecular interaction mechanisms. It proposes that future research needs to combine multi-omics technologies to optimize microbial community formulations, strengthen field validation, and promote the sustainable application of PGPR in precision ecological agriculture.

Key words: plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), growth-promoting mechanism, synthetic microbial consortia, volatile substances (VOCs), rhizosphere interaction, transcriptomics

中图分类号:

S154.3

刘嘉雯, 顾沛雯, 张亮, 赵智鹏, 曹凌霄, 杨琼. 根际促生菌筛选及促生机制研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(12): 48-59.

LIU Jiawen, GU Peiwen, ZHANG Liang, ZHAO Zhipeng, CAO Lingxiao, YANG Qiong. Screening of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Research Progress on Growth-Promoting Mechanisms[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(12): 48-59.

图/表 2

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PGPR名称	来源	研究植物	促生结果	参考文献
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 SQR9	中国某地区黄瓜根际土壤	拟南芥、水稻、玉米、黄瓜	与拟南芥共培养8 d，植株总氮含量约增2~3倍，根部氮浓度提升18%。处理6 d后，拟南芥总侧根原基数量增加33%。和水稻共培养两周，地上部氮浓度增加57%，根部及地上部干物质含量均显著上升。在与拟南芥共培养实验中，根系对低浓度硝酸盐吸收速率提升效果最为突出，0.5 mmol/L磷酸盐浓度下吸收速率增加9倍	[2]
Sinomonas gamaensis NEAU- HV1	中国黑龙江省哈尔滨市某棉花田土壤	生菜、小麦、玉米、花生、拟南芥	该菌株可显著促进生菜、小麦、玉米、花生生长，增加茎长、根长及生物量，以10⁹CFU/mL浓度处理花生，果实成熟期株高、茎粗和SPAD值分别较对照增加56.4%、9.6%和12.3%	[11]
XKG001	中国某地区桉树人工林根际土壤	玉米、桉树	该菌株促生潜力显著，溶解无机磷能力为172.65 mg/L，且具备产淀粉水解酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶的能力。其菌液可以显著促进玉米种子的萌芽，菌液及菌肥施用于桉树幼苗上后可有效促进植株生长	[12]
F05-44	中国某地区人参根际土壤	人参	不施肥条件下，该菌株能使人参株高和根长分别提高38.53%、24.65%，展叶期提前3~4 d	[13]
大肠杆菌0208	广西亚热带植物根际土壤	番茄、玉米	与对照组相比，番茄盆栽株高、茎粗、根长、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重分别增加53.51%、14.90%、12.28%、43.12%和48.62%。玉米盆栽株高、茎粗、根长、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重分别增加21.49%、19.35%、42.98%、19.58%和56.67%	[14]
假单胞菌sp. CM11	长寿树种板栗根际土壤	拟南芥、生菜、番茄	接种该菌株后，拟南芥主根生长在24 h后受抑制并逐渐停滞，侧根数量显著增加；植株地上部分生物量增加，叶面积增大，抽薹时间提前1.7 d，株高增加1.6倍，种子数量增加2.5倍，单粒种子重量增加1.3倍。与生菜和番茄后，侧根数量分别增加1.5倍和1.4倍。土壤实验中，生菜地上和地下部分鲜重分别增加8.2倍和2.4倍，番茄地上和地下部分鲜重分别增加2.2倍和1.6倍	[15]
粘质沙雷氏菌	稗草根际土（盐碱土壤）	紫花苜蓿	在盐碱胁迫下，PGPR促进紫花苜蓿生长，提高植物高度、根系长度、地上与地下组织鲜干重；改善根系状态、叶绿素水平	[16]
荧光假单胞菌	甘肃省兰州市永登县设施葡萄栽培试验基地	葡萄（欧亚葡萄品种“红地球”）	轻度水分胁迫下，少量菌肥处理的葡萄产量较充分供水提高56.34%，充分供水条件下，多量菌肥处理产量较不添加菌肥提高42.48%；可促进果粒纵横茎生长；提高叶片丙二醛含量，促进叶绿素合成；提升产量	[17]
枯草芽孢杆菌R3、泛菌FJ-1	西北农林科技大学大学五泉综合试验示范站单层薄膜拱棚内	草莓（‘天仙醉’）	随着菌肥用量增加，草莓生长、产量和品质指标先升后降，小区产量增加14.96%，多项果实品质指标提升，病情指数降低40.14%	[18]
淡紫拟青霉菌(DZ)	贵阳市乌当区3个典型样地土壤	蕹菜	PGPR提高了土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH，对铵态氮无显著影响，总鲜重和叶面积在处理组均显著高于对照组	[19]
嗜热球形脲芽胞杆菌	小兴安岭红松原始林林下土壤、绥化市北林区裕奎县卫星镇烤烟种植四年烟地土壤、绥化市望奎县达牧业牧场牛粪采集土样	烟草（龙江911）	确定最佳配比为1000 kg牛粪+ 25 kg秸秆+ 7.5 kg菌液+ 2.5 kg水。该配比可显著改善土壤理化性质，提升孔隙度，并将pH调节至作物适宜范围，增加土壤水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机碳和有机质含量，提高土壤酶活性，改变土壤细菌群落结构，提高细菌多样性并明确了关键菌属及其作用	[20]

PGPR名称	来源	研究植物	促生结果	参考文献
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 SQR9	中国某地区黄瓜根际土壤	拟南芥、水稻、玉米、黄瓜	与拟南芥共培养8 d，植株总氮含量约增2~3倍，根部氮浓度提升18%。处理6 d后，拟南芥总侧根原基数量增加33%。和水稻共培养两周，地上部氮浓度增加57%，根部及地上部干物质含量均显著上升。在与拟南芥共培养实验中，根系对低浓度硝酸盐吸收速率提升效果最为突出，0.5 mmol/L磷酸盐浓度下吸收速率增加9倍	[2]
Sinomonas gamaensis NEAU- HV1	中国黑龙江省哈尔滨市某棉花田土壤	生菜、小麦、玉米、花生、拟南芥	该菌株可显著促进生菜、小麦、玉米、花生生长，增加茎长、根长及生物量，以10⁹CFU/mL浓度处理花生，果实成熟期株高、茎粗和SPAD值分别较对照增加56.4%、9.6%和12.3%	[11]
XKG001	中国某地区桉树人工林根际土壤	玉米、桉树	该菌株促生潜力显著，溶解无机磷能力为172.65 mg/L，且具备产淀粉水解酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶的能力。其菌液可以显著促进玉米种子的萌芽，菌液及菌肥施用于桉树幼苗上后可有效促进植株生长	[12]
F05-44	中国某地区人参根际土壤	人参	不施肥条件下，该菌株能使人参株高和根长分别提高38.53%、24.65%，展叶期提前3~4 d	[13]
大肠杆菌0208	广西亚热带植物根际土壤	番茄、玉米	与对照组相比，番茄盆栽株高、茎粗、根长、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重分别增加53.51%、14.90%、12.28%、43.12%和48.62%。玉米盆栽株高、茎粗、根长、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重分别增加21.49%、19.35%、42.98%、19.58%和56.67%	[14]
假单胞菌sp. CM11	长寿树种板栗根际土壤	拟南芥、生菜、番茄	接种该菌株后，拟南芥主根生长在24 h后受抑制并逐渐停滞，侧根数量显著增加；植株地上部分生物量增加，叶面积增大，抽薹时间提前1.7 d，株高增加1.6倍，种子数量增加2.5倍，单粒种子重量增加1.3倍。与生菜和番茄后，侧根数量分别增加1.5倍和1.4倍。土壤实验中，生菜地上和地下部分鲜重分别增加8.2倍和2.4倍，番茄地上和地下部分鲜重分别增加2.2倍和1.6倍	[15]
粘质沙雷氏菌	稗草根际土（盐碱土壤）	紫花苜蓿	在盐碱胁迫下，PGPR促进紫花苜蓿生长，提高植物高度、根系长度、地上与地下组织鲜干重；改善根系状态、叶绿素水平	[16]
荧光假单胞菌	甘肃省兰州市永登县设施葡萄栽培试验基地	葡萄（欧亚葡萄品种“红地球”）	轻度水分胁迫下，少量菌肥处理的葡萄产量较充分供水提高56.34%，充分供水条件下，多量菌肥处理产量较不添加菌肥提高42.48%；可促进果粒纵横茎生长；提高叶片丙二醛含量，促进叶绿素合成；提升产量	[17]
枯草芽孢杆菌R3、泛菌FJ-1	西北农林科技大学大学五泉综合试验示范站单层薄膜拱棚内	草莓（‘天仙醉’）	随着菌肥用量增加，草莓生长、产量和品质指标先升后降，小区产量增加14.96%，多项果实品质指标提升，病情指数降低40.14%	[18]
淡紫拟青霉菌(DZ)	贵阳市乌当区3个典型样地土壤	蕹菜	PGPR提高了土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH，对铵态氮无显著影响，总鲜重和叶面积在处理组均显著高于对照组	[19]
嗜热球形脲芽胞杆菌	小兴安岭红松原始林林下土壤、绥化市北林区裕奎县卫星镇烤烟种植四年烟地土壤、绥化市望奎县达牧业牧场牛粪采集土样	烟草（龙江911）	确定最佳配比为1000 kg牛粪+ 25 kg秸秆+ 7.5 kg菌液+ 2.5 kg水。该配比可显著改善土壤理化性质，提升孔隙度，并将pH调节至作物适宜范围，增加土壤水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机碳和有机质含量，提高土壤酶活性，改变土壤细菌群落结构，提高细菌多样性并明确了关键菌属及其作用	[20]

根际促生菌筛选及促生机制研究进展

Screening of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Research Progress on Growth-Promoting Mechanisms

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