从土壤气候视角解析农业文化遗产地的自然禀赋——以宽城传统板栗栽培系统为例

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

宽城传统板栗栽培系统是中国重要农业文化遗产,宽城板栗栽培历史悠久,品质优良。为从土壤气候角度解析宽城板栗栽培系统的自然禀赋和不足,利用宽城县基本气象站和自动气象站的观测资料以及专项进行的土壤取样分析数据全面分析了宽城板栗栽培的土壤和气候条件,综合评价了宽城板栗栽培的气候适宜性及其空间分布。结果表明：宽城板栗林土壤酸碱度适宜,有机质丰富,N、K含量和Fe、Mn、Mg等微量元素含量较高,宽城光热资源完全满足板栗生长成熟需要,果实生长期水分供应充足,果实成熟期气温日较差大,板栗主要栽培区域综合气候条件优于板栗栽培适宜指标。总之,宽城板栗栽培系统拥有较好的土壤气候环境,具备栽培高产优质板栗的条件和潜力,春季降水偏少是宽城板栗高产的一个限制因素,适当的春季灌溉可较大幅度地促进板栗高产优质潜力的发挥。

关键词: 宽城板栗栽培系统, 气候资源, 土壤肥力, 适宜性评价, 农业文化遗产

Abstract:

Kuancheng traditional chestnut cultivation system is recognized as an important agricultural cultural heritage in China. The chestnut cultivation in Kuancheng County has a long history and chestnut produced there is well known with excellent quality. To investigate the natural advantages and disadvantages of chestnut cultivation system in Kuancheng from the perspective of soil and climate, this paper analyzed the soil and climatic conditions in Kuancheng chestnut cultivation system based on the observation dataset of basic meteorological station and automatic meteorological stations in addition to the soil data gathered by specialized field sampling in the research area, the comprehensive climatic suitability for chestnut cultivation was evaluated. The results show that the soil in Kuancheng chestnut cultivation system is featured with proper pH, abundant organic matter, high N, K fertilizer and rich Fe, Mg, Mn and other trace elements content. Meanwhile, the solar radiation and heat resource in Kuancheng County are adequate to meet the needs of chestnut growth and fruit ripening, there is suitable precipitation during fruit growth and pretty large average diurnal temperature range during fruit maturity, which is beneficial to accumulation of sugar in fruits. A comprehensive assessment of climate conditions for suitability to chestnut cultivation suggests that most areas of Kuancheng County are well suitable for chestnut cultivation. However, precipitation scarcity in spring could limit chestnut yield in certain extent, appropriate spring irrigation measurement could greatly promote the potential of high-yield and high-quality chestnut production.

Key words: Kuancheng chestnut cultivation system, climate resource, soil fertility, suitability evaluation, agricultural cultural heritage

中图分类号:

谭凯炎, 闵庆文, 邬定荣. 从土壤气候视角解析农业文化遗产地的自然禀赋——以宽城传统板栗栽培系统为例[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(7): 88-94.

Tan Kaiyan, Min Qingwen, Wu Dingrong. Analysis of the Natural Endowment of Agricultural Cultural Heritage Sites from the Perspective of Soil and Climate: A Case Study on Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(7): 88-94.

图/表 8

参考文献 23

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项目	宽城	迁西	遵化	青龙	兴隆	承德
有效磷	13.71	34.23	67.70	18.71	23.88	25.30
速效钾	112.7	63.43	73.10	76.58	99.23	117.02
有效镁	327.8	271.5	218.0	251.3	270.8	376.0
有效铁	40.76	38.58	62.05	38.15	33.10	29.20
有效锰	11.37	14.27	7.00	9.99	8.13	8.66
有效铜	1.53	1.62	2.35	1.62	3.06	1.16
有效锌	1.55	1.22	2.19	0.83	1.86	0.70
有效硼	0.395	0.256	0.259	0.217	0.391	0.294

项目	宽城	迁西	遵化	青龙	兴隆	承德
有效磷	13.71	34.23	67.70	18.71	23.88	25.30
速效钾	112.7	63.43	73.10	76.58	99.23	117.02
有效镁	327.8	271.5	218.0	251.3	270.8	376.0
有效铁	40.76	38.58	62.05	38.15	33.10	29.20
有效锰	11.37	14.27	7.00	9.99	8.13	8.66
有效铜	1.53	1.62	2.35	1.62	3.06	1.16
有效锌	1.55	1.22	2.19	0.83	1.86	0.70
有效硼	0.395	0.256	0.259	0.217	0.391	0.294

乡镇	全氮/(g/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有效镁/(mg/kg)	有效铁/(mg/kg)	有效锰/(mg/kg)	有效铜/(mg/kg)	有效锌/(mg/kg)	有效硼/(mg/kg)
塌山	1.32	20.05	152.35	384.5	36.6	11.575	1.47	1.55	0.446
化皮	1.32	20.6	145	406	46.7	17.7	2.22	1.64	0.478
桲罗台	1.73	5.55	135	260.5	37.9	11.6	1.35	1.65	0.359
碾子峪	1.36	15.4	97.1	286	46.7	6.84	1.59	1.035	0.382
东大地	0.64	4.3	37.5	363	20	3.05	1.09	0.6	0.15
峪耳崖	1.42	13.3	94.2	378	44	10.2	1.81	2.67	0.439
板城	1.62	16.9	81.4	269	54.5	22.7	1.33	2.16	0.512

乡镇	全氮/(g/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有效镁/(mg/kg)	有效铁/(mg/kg)	有效锰/(mg/kg)	有效铜/(mg/kg)	有效锌/(mg/kg)	有效硼/(mg/kg)
塌山	1.32	20.05	152.35	384.5	36.6	11.575	1.47	1.55	0.446
化皮	1.32	20.6	145	406	46.7	17.7	2.22	1.64	0.478
桲罗台	1.73	5.55	135	260.5	37.9	11.6	1.35	1.65	0.359
碾子峪	1.36	15.4	97.1	286	46.7	6.84	1.59	1.035	0.382
东大地	0.64	4.3	37.5	363	20	3.05	1.09	0.6	0.15
峪耳崖	1.42	13.3	94.2	378	44	10.2	1.81	2.67	0.439
板城	1.62	16.9	81.4	269	54.5	22.7	1.33	2.16	0.512

项目	生长季日照时数/h	≥10℃积温/℃	极端最低气温/℃	9月气温日较差/℃	生长季降水量/mm
平均值或极值	1696	3623	-25.5	12.7	601.1
80%保证率	1608	3437	-21.6	11.9	495.7
年际变率/%	5.5	5.2		8.7	20.1