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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 163-170.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0829

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木沙漠盐碱地13个饲用燕麦品种适应性综合评价

曾红力1(), 张朝辉1, 时世华1, 谭正宝1, 朱保侠1, 王晓丽2, 魏小星2()   

  1. 1 水发三志(青海)农业科技有限公司, 青海格尔木 816000
    2 青海省青藏高原优质牧草种质资源利用重点实验室/青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30 修回日期:2026-05-09 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-27
  • 通讯作者:
    魏小星,男,1985年出生,陕西绥德人,副研究员,博士,主要从事青藏高原抗逆草种质资源创新与利用研究,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    曾红力,男,1981年出生,江西吉安人,在读博士,研究方向:生态脆弱区生态环境修复技术。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    海西州科技成果转化项目“基于‘3+N’技术模式格尔木荒漠地区盐碱地治理与利用”(2025-YZ-Q01)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Adaptability of 13 Forage Oat Varieties in Saline-alkali Soils of Qaidam Desert

ZENG Hongli1(), ZHANG Zhaohui1, SHI Shihua1, TAN Zhengbao1, ZHU Baoxie1, WANG Xiaoli2, WEI Xiaoxing2()   

  1. 1 Shuifa Sanzhi (Qinghai) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Golmud, Qinghai 816000
    2 Key Laboratory of High-quality Forage Germplasm Resources Utilization of Qingzang Plateau/ Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining 810016
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revised:2026-05-09 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-27

摘要:

柴达木沙漠盐碱地存在高寒干旱、土壤盐碱化严重、优质饲草品种匮乏等问题。为筛选适宜该区域的高产优质耐盐碱饲用燕麦品种,以13个国内外饲用燕麦品种为材料,通过田间试验系统评价其生长性能、鲜草与干草产量及营养品质,采用主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、系统聚类进行综合适应性评价。结果表明,各品种在株高(85.20~155.20 cm)、茎粗(3.84~6.40 mm)、叶面积(21.56~89.23 cm2)及分蘖数等性状上存在显著差异(P<0.05);鲜草产量为1.28~6.23 kg/m2,干草产量为0.33~1.38 kg/m2,其中‘黑玫克’在2项产量指标上显著领先(P<0.05)。营养品质方面,粗蛋白含量为7.30%~13.01%,相对饲用价值(RFV)为84.08~126.64;‘林纳’RFV最高,但产量较低。综合评价结果显示,‘黑玫克’加权关联度最高,适应性最强、高产优质均衡。聚类将13个品种划分为3类,‘黑玫克’‘青燕1号’‘青海甜燕麦’为最优类群。综上,‘黑玫克’最适宜在柴达木沙漠盐碱地推广种植。未来可开展多年多点试验与耐盐生理分子机制研究,完善区域燕麦栽培技术体系。

关键词: 柴达木盐碱地, 饲用燕麦, 品种筛选, 生长性能, 干草产量, 营养品质, 主成分分析, 灰色关联度, 适应性评价

Abstract:

To address the problems of cold and arid conditions, severe soil salinization, and the shortage of high-quality forage varieties in the saline-alkali soils of the Qaidam region, this study selected 13 domestic and foreign forage oat varieties as experimental materials. Field experiments were conducted to systematically evaluate their growth performance, fresh and hay yields, and nutritional quality. Principal component analysis and grey relational analysis were employed to comprehensively assess their adaptability. The results showed that significant differences were observed among varieties in plant height (85.20-155.20 cm), stem diameter (3.84-6.40 mm), leaf area (21.56-89.23 cm2), and tiller number (P<0.05). Fresh yield ranged from 1.28 to 6.23 kg/m2, and hay yield ranged from 0.33 to 1.38 kg/m2, with ‘Heimeike’ showing significantly higher yields than other varieties (P<0.05). In terms of nutritional quality, crude protein content ranged from 7.30% to 13.01%, and relative feed value (RFV) ranged from 84.08 to 126.64. ‘Linna’ exhibited the highest RFV but relatively low yield. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that ‘Heimeike’ had the highest weighted relevance degree, suggesting the strongest adaptability, high yield and good quality balance. Therefore, ‘Heimeike’ is suitable for cultivation in the saline-alkali soils of the Qaidam region. Future studies should focus on multi-year and multi-location trials, as well as physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance, to further improve the regional oat cultivation system.

Key words: Qaidam saline-alkali land, forage oat, variety selection, growth performance, hay yield, nutritional quality, principal component analysis, grey relational analysis, adaptability evaluation

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