Abstract: The study aims to further promote the development and improve the capability of proficiency testing for detecting pesticide residues in aquatic products in China, enhance the mutual recognition of proficiency testing among the international agencies and domestic inter-ministries. We summarized the status of proficiency testing of the world’s leading authority agencies FAPAS and APLAC, and domestic institutions including CNCA, CNAS, ACAS and Ministry of Agriculture. Then we mainly compared assessment project, sample preparation, detection method request, and result feedback of proficiency testing between China and the international authority agencies. Aiming at the problems of proficiency testing in China, some suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening the research of new parameters, enriching the methods of sample preparation and evaluation, improving methods of result feedback and promoting technical exchange, to provide a reference for the improvement of proficiency testing for detecting pesticide residues in aquatic products.