Effects of Different Additives on Nitrogen Transformation in Aerobic Composting

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0269

Abstract

Abstract:

Aerobic composting is an important means of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization, the loss of nitrogen not only causes environmental pollution but also reduces the quality of compost products, and chemical additives and biological fungicides are the main technical means to solve the problem. In this study, pig manure, mushroom slag and calcium superphosphate were used as raw materials, and self-developed composite fungicides and modified biochar were added to investigate the effect and mechanism of ammonium nitrogen sequestration in composting, with a view to reducing the loss of nitrogen. Three groups of treatments were set up in the experiment, including pig manure + mushroom slag + calcium superphosphate (T₁), pig manure + mushroom slag + calcium superphosphate + 0.5% self-researched composite fungicide (T₂), pig manure + mushroom slag + calcium superphosphate + 0.5% self-researched composite fungicide + 8% modified biochar (T₃). The results showed that at the end of 24 d of composting, the relevant indexes of the three groups of treatments met the standard of organic fertilizer decomposition. Compared with T₁, T₂ ammonia emission decreased by 31.0% and organic matter increased by 1.36%; T₃ ammonia emission decreased by 56.0% and organic matter increased by 5.34%. During the microbial community succession, the community abundance of T₂ and T₃ was higher than that of T₁, and the abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Oceanicbacillus was increased, among which Oceanicbacillus had strong nitrogen fixation. The combination of 0.5% self-developed composite bacillus and 8.0% modified biochar had the best effect in promoting compost maturation, reducing ammonia volatilization, improving nitrogen retention capacity and improving the quality of organic fertilizer.

Key words: aerobic composting, nitrogen transformation, self-developed compound microbial agent, modified biochar, nitrogen sequestration

WU Meihua, LV Fengxia, WANG Dehan, ZHANG Shengnan, Sun Guanghui, FU Hongting, LI Ping, HUANG Jianfeng, PANG Yuwan. Effects of Different Additives on Nitrogen Transformation in Aerobic Composting[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(36): 77-86.

Figures/Tables 15

References 59

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堆肥原料	含水率/%	pH	有机质/%	全氮/%	全磷/%	全钾/%
猪粪	66.94	7.17	47.48	2.80	3.05	4.58
蘑菇渣	26.42	8.08	57.65	1.967	2.54	1.47
生物炭	—	9.45	—	8.79	3.38	11.69

堆肥原料	含水率/%	pH	有机质/%	全氮/%	全磷/%	全钾/%
猪粪	66.94	7.17	47.48	2.80	3.05	4.58
蘑菇渣	26.42	8.08	57.65	1.967	2.54	1.47
生物炭	—	9.45	—	8.79	3.38	11.69

不同处理	物料比
T₁	猪粪+蘑菇渣+过磷酸钙
T₂	猪粪+蘑菇渣+过磷酸钙+0.5%自研复合菌剂
T₃	猪粪+蘑菇渣+过磷酸钙+0.5%自研复合菌剂+8.0%改性生物炭

不同处理	物料比
T₁	猪粪+蘑菇渣+过磷酸钙
T₂	猪粪+蘑菇渣+过磷酸钙+0.5%自研复合菌剂
T₃	猪粪+蘑菇渣+过磷酸钙+0.5%自研复合菌剂+8.0%改性生物炭