Abstract: Five mulching methods including straw mulching, straw + plastic film mulching with surface-sowing, straw + plastic film mulching with furrow-sowing, plastic film mulching and non-mulching to cultivate potatoes in winter fallow rice fields was compared using ‘Zhongshu No.3’ as materials. The results showed that potatoes cultivated with plastic film mulching emerged first, and the seedling emergence rates of potatoes cultivated with plastic mulching and straw + plastic film mulching with furrow-sowing were the highest. The plant height of potatoes cultivated with non-mulching was shorter than that of potatoes cultivated with mulching significantly. The yield and marketable tuber percentage of potatoes cultivated with straw + plastic film mulching with furrow-sowing or surface-sowing were the highest, and those of potatoes cultivated with straw mulching and plastic film mulching took the second place and were higher than those of potatoes cultivated with non-mulching. The economical benefits of potatoes cultivated with straw + plastic film mulching with surface-sowing or furrow- sowing were the highest, those of potatoes cultivated with straw mulching and plastic film mulching took the second place, and the economical benefit of potatoes cultivated with non-mulching was the lowest.