Abstract: In order to study the impact of frequently extreme climate events on the mustard cultivation in Fuling District and improve the yield and quality, the authors used the meteorological observation data from 1953 to 2010, including temperature and precipitation and the yield data of mustard from 1991 to 2010, and analyzed the correlation between the yield of mustard and the extreme climate events by statistical analysis, climate yield, correlation analysis, good and bad harvest years analysis. The results showed that the extreme high temperature, low temperature, drought and heavy rain affected the yield of mustard obviously. The late summer drought in the germination period and the extreme low temperature in the flowering and fruiting period had the greatest impact on it. From August to September, especially in early August, the extreme high temperature would reduce the yield, which in October was not obvious. During the stigmas period and the flowering and fruiting period, extreme low temperature would decrease the yield of mustard. In August, drought would cause difficulty in sowing, which was not obvious in early September. In August, storms could destroy seeding and germination of mustard. This study showed the importance of agricultural meteorological service, which was beneficial for the sustainable and stable development of mustard cultivation.