Phenological Change Characteristics of Malus pumila in Southeastern Tibet from 2001 to 2020

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0088

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyze the impact of climate change on the Malus pumila phenophase in Nyingchi of southeastern Tibet Autonomous Region could provide a theoretical basis for coping with climate change and local apple production. Based on data of the daily mean temperature (T_m), maximum temperature (T_m_ax), minimum temperature (T_min), precipitation (Pr), relative humidity (RH) and sunshine duration (S) in Nyingchi from 2001 to 2020, we adopted linear regression method, Pearson correlation coefficient and dominance analysis method to reveal the changing trend of phenophase and growing duration of Malus pumila, and the leading climatic factors. The results showed that the Malus pumila phenological periods were postponed at a rate of 2.11-10.20 d/10a in southeastern Tibet from 2001 to 2020, and the largest delay was found in the first flowering date. The phenological periods in spring were delayed significantly than those in autumn. The fruit growth and development period and the apple tree growing season were shortened by 8.10 and 1.59 d/10 a, respectively, which were different from the prolonging trend in the main apple producing areas in China. During apple tree growing season, Pr, RH and S decreased, while the other climatic factors increased. T_m, T_m_ax, T_m_in and Pr showed an increasing trend before fruit maturing period, and then decreased. The leading factor affecting the length of Malus pumila phenophase was ∑T₀ (accumulated temperature ≥0℃), except from the late leaf coloring period to the late leaf falling period, during which, the leading factor was S. On average, for every 1℃ increase of T_m_ax in early March, the first flowering date could be 3.29 days earlier, and for every 1℃ increase of T_m in late August, the fruit maturing period could be 3.15 days later.

Key words: Malus pumila, phenophase, climatic change, accumulated temperature, influencing factor, southeastern Tibet

CLC Number:

S162.5

BAI Yuxuan, DU Jun, WANG Ting, SONAM Wangdoi. Phenological Change Characteristics of Malus pumila in Southeastern Tibet from 2001 to 2020[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(20): 89-96.

Figures/Tables 7

References 27

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气候特征值	BO/(月-日)	LU/(月-日)	FF/(月-日)	FM/(月-日)	LC/(月-日)	LF/(月-日)	FG/d	TG/d
平均值	03-19	03-29	04-15	09-23	11-14	11-27	153	241
最早(短)值	03-06	03-14	03-28	09-16	11-06	11-20	135	225
最晚(长)值	04-04	04-10	04-26	10-16	11-30	12-23	176	255
变化趋势/(d/a)	8.73^***	9.53^***	10.20^***	2.11	7.94^****	5.27^*	-8.10^**	-1.59

气候特征值	BO/(月-日)	LU/(月-日)	FF/(月-日)	FM/(月-日)	LC/(月-日)	LF/(月-日)	FG/d	TG/d
平均值	03-19	03-29	04-15	09-23	11-14	11-27	153	241
最早(短)值	03-06	03-14	03-28	09-16	11-06	11-20	135	225
最晚(长)值	04-04	04-10	04-26	10-16	11-30	12-23	176	255
变化趋势/(d/a)	8.73^***	9.53^***	10.20^***	2.11	7.94^****	5.27^*	-8.10^**	-1.59

气候要素变化趋势	BO-LU	LU-FF	FF-FM	FM-LC	LC-LF	FG	TG
T_m/(℃/10 a)	0.95^*	0.72^*	0.61^****	-0.30	-1.19^**	0.61^****	0.23^**
T_max/(℃/10 a)	0.73	0.69	0.57^**	-0.15	-1.20^*	0.57^**	0.29
T_min/(℃/10 a)	1.38^**	0.66	0.74^****	-0.64	-1.41^*	0.75^****	0.22
DTR/(℃/10 a)	-0.66	0.0	-0.16	0.50	0.19	-0.14	0.04
RH/(%/10 a)	3.41	-2.04	-0.46	-4.28^***	-1.82	-0.57	-1.66
Pr/(mm/10 a)	7.91	0.84	13.84	-19.9	-0.91^*	13.62	-3.86
S/(h/10 a)	-6.31	-1.34	-150.74^***	37.83^*	-11.19	-152.89^***	-112.47^*
∑T₀/[(℃·d)/10 a]	14.56	18.69	-27.3	40.48	-28.41^***	-17.43	36.36

气候要素变化趋势	BO-LU	LU-FF	FF-FM	FM-LC	LC-LF	FG	TG
T_m/(℃/10 a)	0.95^*	0.72^*	0.61^****	-0.30	-1.19^**	0.61^****	0.23^**
T_max/(℃/10 a)	0.73	0.69	0.57^**	-0.15	-1.20^*	0.57^**	0.29
T_min/(℃/10 a)	1.38^**	0.66	0.74^****	-0.64	-1.41^*	0.75^****	0.22
DTR/(℃/10 a)	-0.66	0.0	-0.16	0.50	0.19	-0.14	0.04
RH/(%/10 a)	3.41	-2.04	-0.46	-4.28^***	-1.82	-0.57	-1.66
Pr/(mm/10 a)	7.91	0.84	13.84	-19.9	-0.91^*	13.62	-3.86
S/(h/10 a)	-6.31	-1.34	-150.74^***	37.83^*	-11.19	-152.89^***	-112.47^*
∑T₀/[(℃·d)/10 a]	14.56	18.69	-27.3	40.48	-28.41^***	-17.43	36.36

物候期	通过P<0.05显著性检验的气候因子	主导气候因子及相关系数R
BO	1月下旬T_min、1月上旬Pr、2月上旬RH、3月上旬S	1月上旬Pr,R=0.536
LU	3月中旬T_m、3月中旬T_max、3月上旬S、3月中旬S	3月中旬S,R=-0.564
FF	3月上旬T_max、3月中旬T_m、3月中旬T_max、3月中旬S	3月上旬T_max,R=-0.503
FM	8月下旬T_m	8月下旬T_m,R=0.534
LC	10月上旬T_min、10月中旬T_min、10月中旬S	10月中旬S,R=-0.557
LF	10月上旬T_m、T_min,11月上旬T_m、T_min	10月上旬T_min,R=0.498