Abstract: In order to provide the theoretical basis for a rapid determination of floral organ structure and pollen viability of Ziziphus acdiojujuba, the authors observed the floral organ structure, pollen morphology and pollen viability of different Ziziphus acdiojujuba types. The results showed that: (1) the number of inflorescence flowers, the corolla diameter, the honey disk diameter, the length of stamens and so on were different in various degrees among different Ziziphus acdiojujuba types, the inflorescence number of flowers was usually 2-9; the number of single-flower stamens was 5; the honey plate color was generally pale yellow and yellow-green; (2) Jujube pollen was relatively small, usually 18.86-26.19 μm, nearly spherical based, the germination holes were mainly tricolporate; (3) the pollen germination rates of different jujube types were significantly different, Ziziphus acdiojujuba type 4 had the highest jujube germination rate of 32.54%. The pollen viability measured by TTC and I-KI method was significantly higher than that of in vitro culture method, measurement error was relatively large, so in vitro culture method was more suitable for the determination of pollen viability.