Effects of Different Management Practices on Soil Nutrient and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses with Runoff of Citrus Orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0350

Abstract

Abstract:

To detect the effect of fertilization management and plant configuration on soil nutrient in plantation, six treatments, including conventional fertilization (CF), conventional fertilization + grass cover (CF+GC), conventional fertilization + grass cover + plant hedge (CF+GC+PH), integration of water and fertilizer (IWF), integration of water and fertilizer + grass cover (IWF+GC), integration of water and fertilizer + grass cover + plant hedge (IWF+GC+PH), were conducted in a citrus orchard located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and the loss of soil nutrients in the surface runoff were measured using field runoff plot method. The results showed that the proportion of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in citrus orchard under integration of water and fertilizer treatment were 92.41% and 32.45% higher on average than those under conventional fertilization treatments. Grass cover and plant hedge improved TN by 17.30%-39.10%, but did not show a regular effect on TP. The fertilization mode, grass cover and plant hedge had no regular effect on soil nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), while significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen content (NH₄⁺-N). The surface runoff gradually increased along with the increasing rainfall under all treatments. Compared with the conventional fertilization management, integration of water and fertilizer management could effectively reduce the occurrence of surface runoff. The allocation of grass cover and plant hedge measures could further reduce surface runoff. Under the management of integration of water and fertilizer, TN and NO₃^--N in surface runoff of citrus orchard were relatively high, while TP and NH₄⁺-N were relatively low. Plant configuration also reduced the proportion of TN, TP, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in surface runoff, about 15.88%-37.55%, 23.48%-55.54%, 14.11%-39.92%, 25.34%-47.96%, respectively. Overall, fertilization mode, fertilization time, rainfall intensity and surface vegetation configuration could affect soil nutrient retention and nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoffs. The results suggest that the integration of water and fertilizer management combined with water-conserving plants configuration should be widely applied in citrus orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, to reduce fertilizer inputs and soil nutrient loss.

Key words: citrus orchard, management practices, soil nutrient, runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus losses, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

CLC Number:

Wang Xiaorong, Tang Wanpeng, Fu Tian, Huang Zhilin, He Wei, Liu Changfu. Effects of Different Management Practices on Soil Nutrient and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses with Runoff of Citrus Orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(11): 95-102.

Figures/Tables 5

References 24

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柑橘园类型	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
常规管理柑橘园	5.64	8.46	0.71	0.54	1.93	66.90	15.50	31.83
水肥一体化柑橘园	4.89	23.91	1.79	0.61	2.76	126.17	71.79	102.49

柑橘园类型	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
常规管理柑橘园	5.64	8.46	0.71	0.54	1.93	66.90	15.50	31.83
水肥一体化柑橘园	4.89	23.91	1.79	0.61	2.76	126.17	71.79	102.49