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• 2021 Vol.37 No.11 Published:15 April 2021

  The Relative Difference Genes in the Process of Dormancy Release of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. Based on the Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Luo Li’na, Xiang Zengxu 2021, 37 (11):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0209 Abstract + ( 491 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 2053KB )   ( 103 ) The purpose is to obtain the transcriptome database of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. and explore the genes involved in seed development and dormancy release. The embryos of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. before and after dormancy were used as materials, the transcriptome of the test samples was sequenced by a new generation of high-throughput sequencing method, and the bioinformatics analysis was carried out systematically. A total of 79716 differentially expressed genes were obtained from the samples before and after dormancy release of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. seeds, including 60074 upregulated expression genes and 19642 downregulated expression genes. There were 130284 differentially expressed genes annotated by go function into 56 subclasses of three categories: biological process, molecular function and cell component. The annotated differentially expressed genes were closely related to metabolic process, biological regulation, cell component synthesis and enzyme catalytic activity. The results of KEGG metabolic pathway showed that there were 65038 differentially expressed genes, involving 138 metabolic pathways, mainly involved in carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and polysaccharide metabolism. Based on the annotation results in KEGG database, 15 metabolic pathways related to the dormancy release of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. embryo were found. In conclusion, during the process of seed development and dormancy release, a large number of different genes including the expression of embryo morphogenesis, polysaccharide decomposition and protein synthesis are expressed and involved in the interaction of multiple metabolic pathways, forming a complex regulatory network of dormancy release.

  Cytokinin Concentrations: Effect on the Germination of Sugarbeet Seeds Liu Xiaoyue, Wang Ronghua, Wang Weicheng, Liu Na, Liu Xiaohan, Liu Zhaoyang, Liu Dali, Wu Zedong, Wang Maoqian 2021, 37 (11):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0532 Abstract + ( 582 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 66 ) To determine the priming effect of different concentrations of cytokinin 6-BA on sugarbeet seeds, and to provide a basis for screening sugarbeet seed coating materials, in this study, TD802 sugar beet seeds were used as experimental materials, and 9 treatments with 3 concentrations and 3 time gradients were set up. The germination energy, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of beet seeds were determined by soaking and drying. The results showed that the germination energy, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of sugarbeet seeds treated with 0.1% 6-BA at 8, 12 and 24 h were higher than those of the control. The germination energy, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of sugarbeet seeds treated with 0.5% 6-BA for 8 h and 12 h were higher than those of the control. The germination rate, germination index and vigor index of sugarbeet seeds treated with 1% 6-BA for 12 h were higher than those of the control. Therefore, different concentrations of cytokinin 6-BA have different effects on the germination of sugarbeet seeds with different time, too long or too short treatment time could affect the triggering effect.

  Construction of LsE3 Gene Overexpression Vector and a New RNAi Vector by Seamless Cloning and Optimization of Genetic Transformation System of Leaf Lettuce Wang Tingzhen, Sun Yanchuan, Tang Wenkun, Fan Shuangxi, Hao Jinghong 2021, 37 (11):  15-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0345 Abstract + ( 456 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1755KB )   ( 67 ) The aims of this study are to construct overexpression and silence vectors by using new technologies and new vectors, optimize the genetic transformation system, verify the function of LsE3 gene and explore the mechanism of high temperature bolting in lettuce. Using pCAMBIA1304 and pFGC5941 as materials, the transgenic vector of lettuce was constructed by seamless cloning, and the genetic transformation system was optimized by screening medium formula. Based on pCAMBIA1304, the dsRNA expression frame sequence derived from pFGC5941 was successfully inserted into pCAMBIA1304. The new RNAi empty vector pCAMBIA1304-pFGC5941 was obtained, LsE3 silencing vector was constructed. And LsE3 overexpression vector was successfully constructed by binary plasmid vector pCAMBIA1304. Hygromycin concentration, direct bud induction medium formula and rooting medium formula of easy bolting leaf lettuce variety ‘GB-31’ were screened in this experiment. The suitable concentration of hygromycin was determined to be 5 mg/L, and the optimal medium formula for bud induction and rooting was established. This experiment successfully obtained a new RNAi empty vector and transgenic vectors, and optimized the genetic transformation system, which provided a new idea for solving the complex problem of vector construction, and laid the foundation of lettuce transgenic technology.

  Volatile Organic Compounds from Bacillus subtilis Czk1: Optimization of Extraction Conditions Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Liang Yanqiong, Li Rui, Wu Weihuai, Tan Shibei, Xi Jingen, Zheng Jinlong, Lu Ying, He Chunping, Yi Kexian 2021, 37 (11):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0331 Abstract + ( 353 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1438KB )   ( 46 ) The aim is to establish a rapid method for determining volatile organic compounds of Bacillus subtilis Czk1. The volatile organic compounds of Bacillus Subtilis Czk1 were identified by using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatogram mass spectrometry with the total peak number and total peak area as indicators, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by single factor and orthogonal test. In the end, the volatile organic compounds of Czk1 were analyzed under these conditions. The results showed that the optimum extraction condition was the SPME fibers of 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 40 min, desorption time of 7 min, and temperature program condition of 4. 33 kinds of volatile organic compounds were gained under the optimized condition, and the main components included ketones (28.65%), phenols (13.51%), esters (9.17%), aldehydes (15.60%), alcohols (12.08%), hydrocarbons (4.49%), and other substances (10.58%). The extraction method can provide a reference for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in Bacillus subtilis Czk1.

  Snow Pea Varieties and Sowing Dates: Suitable for Cotton-Pea Rotation in Northern Henan Province Zhang Xin, Xue Huiyun, Liu Xiaofeng, Zhang Jinbao, Liu Wenhao, Shen Shihan, Zhang Zhiyong 2021, 37 (11):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0261 Abstract + ( 1300 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1315KB )   ( 135 ) To select the varieties and sowing dates of snow pea suitable for "Cotton-Snow pea" rotation in the north of Henan Province, 12 characters of 18 snow pea varieties from domestic and abroad were explored by field investigation method, and the differences of four varieties between two sowing dates were studied. The results showed that all the varieties planted in 2019 survived through winter. The early sowing date (October 19th) of snow resulted in earlier pod set and improved plant height, single pod weight and fresh pod yield, compared with the late sowing date (October 29th). Moreover, the characteristics of each variety were observed, among which the fresh pod yield of "US 581" could reach 25088.24 kg/hm2, and its other agronomic characters were excellent, indicating that the variety was the optimal one to be introduced into the cotton area of northern Henan Province. In this experiment, the varieties and the sowing dates of snow beans suitable for overwintering cultivation in northern Henan were preliminarily selected, which could be conducive to studying the double cropping cultivation mode of "Cotton-Snow pea" in this area.

  Effects of Phosphorus Reduction and Biochar Addition on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in North Xinjiang Irrigated Area Xing Dongjian, Yang Weijun, He Jiaqi, Wei Haipeng, Jia Yonghong, Hui Chao, Li Yonghao 2021, 37 (11):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0308 Abstract + ( 384 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 175 ) In this experiment, the changes of soil physical and chemical properties after applying phosphorus-reducing fertilizer and adding biochar were analyzed, and the characteristics of soil fertility after phosphorus-reducing and carbonizing were discussed. We took the main local variety ‘Xinchun 37’ in the irrigated area of northern Xinjiang as the material, set up 15 different fertilization modes, including 5 phosphate (P2O5) levels of P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 (0, 120, 102, 84 and 66 kg/hm2), and 3 biochar levels of B0, B1 and B2 (0, 22.5 and 30.0 t/hm2). Soil samples were collected at the maturing stage of spring wheat to determine soil available nutrients, total available nutrients, organic matter content, soil water content, pH and EC. The results showed that fertilizer reduction of 45% with low levels of biochar (P4B1) treatment had higher content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, 68.18% higher than that of control; the conventional phosphate with high quantity of biochar (P1B2) had the highest organic content, 65.14% higher than that of control; phosphate reduction of 30% with low levels of biochar (P3B1) treatment had higher available phosphorus and available potassium content, 48.60% and 22.58% higher than that of control, respectively; however, the application of biochar had no significant effect on soil acidity and alkalinity. Under this experimental condition, the application of biochar could effectively improve the soil nutrient content and soil water-holding capacity, and has no significant effect on alkaline soil pH, causing no damage to alkaline soil. The study provides a theoretical basis for reducing phosphorus, adding biochar and improving soil fertility in the north Xinjiang irrigated area.

  Effects of Different Proportions of Vinegar Residue Covering on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Dry Land Vineyard in Jurong Liu Yabo 2021, 37 (11):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0313 Abstract + ( 334 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 27 ) The effects of different mulching modes of organic materials on soil physical and chemical properties of dry land vineyard in Jurong were investigated. We took 5-year-old Sunshine Rose vineyard as the research object, in May 2018, pure vinegar residue, vinegar residue + soil conditioner, vinegar residue + fulvic acid potassium, vinegar residue + biochar and vinegar residue + microbial agent were used to covered the soil surface. On the basis of organic material coverage, pure material coverage, material + groundcover coverage, material + non-woven fabric coverage were set up, with clear tillage as control. Six months later, the changes of soil bulk density, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that vinegar residue combined with different additives and mulched with non-woven fabric or groundcover could improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil organic matter content, and increase available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The soil bulk density of vinegar residue + fulvic acid potassium decreased by 24.5% compared with that of control, and then mulched with groundcover, which significantly increased the soil organic matter content by 147.8% compared with the control; the soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of vinegar residue combined with different additives were increased under bare material or with mulching. Among them, the soil nitrate nitrogen content in the treatment of vinegar residue + fulvic acid potassium mulched with non-woven fabric increased 6 times compared with that of the control; the soil ammonium nitrogen content was higher than nitrate nitrogen in the treatments of vinegar residue combined with different additives without mulching, contrary to the treatments of vinegar residue combined with different additives with mulching. Through the comprehensive comparison of all the treatments, covering non-woven fabric with vinegar residue and fulvic acid potassium has the best effect and could be applied widely in dry land vineyard in Jurong.

  Effects of Different Amendments on Soil Physic-chemical Properties and Melon Quality in Plastic Greenhouse Gao Ying, Sun Xijun, Lv Shuang, Li Jianbin, Cai Miao, Sun Shengxue, Yu Jian, Cui Ning, Liu Tuo, Zhang Yajian 2021, 37 (11):  51-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0371 Abstract + ( 369 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 59 ) Soil quality degradation has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of facility agriculture and it is of significance to take appropriate measures to conduct soil improvement activities for the sustainable and healthy development of facility agriculture. A soil improvement experiment in plastic greenhouse was carried out to study the effect of Tuxiangxiang (T1), humic acid (T2), Fuhuosu (T3) and vermicompost (T4) on soil physic-chemical properties, soil salt ion composition, crop yield and quality. The results showed that: (1) compared with CK, all amendments could reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and slightly adjust the soil pH closer to neutral; among them, T1 and T4 treatments had better effects on soil bulk density and porosity, the soil pH was closer to 7.00 in T3 treatment; (2) compared with CK, all amendments could significantly reduce the amount of soil salt ions and electronic conductivity, the reduction of soil salt ions and electronic conductivity of T3 treatment could reach 68.21% and 75.89%, respectively; (3) compared with CK, all amendments had the effect of yield increase, T3 and T4 treatments had better yield increase effects with 14.37% and 21.01%, respectively; (4) compared with CK, all amendments could significantly improve soluble solid of melon, of which T3 treatment had the best effect, there was no significant difference on the titratable acid of melon among all treatments, the solid acid ratio and vitamin content of melon incresed in some treatments and decreased in others, of which T1 and T3 treatments had higher solid acid ratio of melon, and T3 treatment had significantly higher vitamin content of melon than others, reaching 146.21 mg/kg. In general, T3 treatment has the best effect in terms of soil improvement, soil salt reduction, crop quality improvement and yield increase.

  Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Soil Characteristics and Oat Yield Kang Yongjian, Zhao Baoping, Sun Wen, Liu Ruifang, Liu Jinghui 2021, 37 (11):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0231 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1360KB )   ( 93 ) To solve the problem of excessive fertilizer application in oat production, the effects of diammonium phosphate (DAP) reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on soil properties and oat yield were studied. We set 5 treatments of reducing 50% DAP (50D), reducing 25% DAP (75D), and 100% DAP (CK), reducing 50% DAP + bio-organic fertilizer (50DM), reducing 25% DAP + bio-organic fertilizer (75DM), to analyze the three kinds of soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient content and oat yield. The results showed that the activities of sucrase, urease and catalase in 0-20 cm soil were significantly increased under the treatment of 75DM at the flowering and harvesting stages, compared with CK, increased by 7.6%, 12.6% and 25.2% at harvest stage, respectively. Compared with CK, fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer effectively increased the content of soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen at the harvest stage by 9.8%-22.9%, and 75DM treatment was the optimal. The effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight of oat were significantly increased under the treatments of chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer. The grain yield was the highest under 75DM treatment, which was 24.5% and 9.3% higher than that of 75D and CK, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient and oat yield were significantly and positively correlated. Under the field condition, reducing 25% chemical fertilizer in combination with 600 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility and enzyme activity, and it is conducive to oat yield increase.

  Water Collecting Effect of Ridge Film Furrow Planting of Main Crops in Jalaid Banner of Xing’an League Gao Chunxiang, Zhang Chaoqun, Yang Yuhui 2021, 37 (11):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0796 Abstract + ( 323 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 35 ) The main crops (corn, sorghum, millet, soybean and peanut) in Jalaid Banner of Xing’an League of Inner Mongolia are cultivated by ridge film furrow cultivation with micro water collecting in field, so that the natural rainfall could be enriched into the ditch, which could improve the soil water environment of crop root zone and improve the utilization rate of farmland precipitation resources. Ridge film has the dual functions of runoff producing and soil water evaporation control. It can not only increase the soil water storage, but also reduce the evaporation between crops, and effectively inhibit the non-target output of farmland water. By using the cultivation method of ridge film furrow planting with field micro water collecting in 2018 and 2019, the results showed that the yield of spring maize, sorghum, soybean, millet and peanut increased by 19.36%, 38.24%, 30.44%, 19.33% and 3.46%, respectively. The cultivation method of ridge film furrow planting with field micro water collecting has certain yield increase effect on corn, sorghum, soybean and millet, and could save labor and time, and the furrows dug once could be used for many years. In addition, the technology could reduce surface soil wind erosion and soil erosion, increase ground temperature and reduce weeds in field.

  The Evaluation of Farmland Quality Grades for Reclaimed Paddy Based on ModelBuilder Chen Zhao, Chen Jindong, Wu Leqin, Yu Haibin, Wang Qi, Liu Ting, Deng Nanrong 2021, 37 (11):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0260 Abstract + ( 360 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 2683KB )   ( 57 ) To quickly and accurately grasp the spatio-temporal changes of the consolidated farmland’s quality and improve the evaluating efficiency of farmland quality grades, the paper took the reclaimed paddy project area in Muhe Village, Longjie Town, Lianping County as the research area, combined the traditional farmland classification with ModelBuilder modeling method to construct a rapid evaluation framework system of farmland quality grades in the context of reclaimed paddy engineering projects. Based on the updated results of farmland quality grades in Lianping County in 2016, the study completed the ModelBuilder modeling process by combining the information of engineering data, farmland utilization status survey and field soil sampling inspection in the project area. The weighted average and spacing division methods were used to evaluate and compare the farmland quality grades in the study area. The evaluation results showed that the farmland quality grades were significantly improved after the implementation of reclaiming paddy project in the study area. The provincial natural, utilized and economic quality grade of farmland was promoted by an average of 1.31, 0.63 and 0.97, respectively, and the national natural, utilized and economic quality grade of farmland quality was promoted by an average of 1.06, 0.56 and 1.02, respectively. The research showed that ModelBuilder modeling could realize the automatic flow process of complex calculation of farmland quality evaluation for reclaimed paddy fields, and could quickly form the integrated results of charts and graphs. Compared with the traditional algorithm, ModelBuilder modeling has the characteristics of full automation, super-efficiency, high interaction and portability, and could be efficiently applied to the related work of complex farmland quality evaluation in combination with lightweight python programming.

  The Drought Tendency of Spring Highland Barley on Tibet Plateau: A Research via the FAO Penman-Monteith Method Gao Jiajia, Xu Wei, Bian Yang, Ping Cuosangsan, Ba Sang, Du Jun 2021, 37 (11):  79-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0124 Abstract + ( 523 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1847KB )   ( 49 ) The Penman-Monteith method provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) was used to evaluate the natural moisture supply-demand ratio (PET) of spring highland barley on Tibet plateau during 1981-2010 in order to explore the feasibility to use PET as the indicator for crop drought monitoring and prediction. The results show that compared with the differences between temperature zones, the differences between precipitation zones are much larger. In each precipitation zone, probability of drought is much higher in the early stage of the highland barley growth, and both the probability and severity of drought in arid and sub-arid regions are much higher. During the 30 years, the annual mean PET of the whole Tibet plateau has been through 3 stages of slowly decrease, rapid increase and rapid decrease under the comprehensive influences of precipitation, temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. The correlation between PET and precipitation is the most robust compared with other meteorological elements. In general, PET can quantitatively indicate the drought severity of spring highland barley by comprehensively considering the influences of meteorological, radiative and vegetative factors accurately, making it suitable for drought monitoring.

  Research on the Ion Absorption, Transportation and Distribution of Mature E. angustifolia in Saline Soil Habitat Luo Qinghong, Abudurexiti Reheman, Li Yinglun, Zhou Bin, Gulinisha Kasimu 2021, 37 (11):  87-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0294 Abstract + ( 453 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1429KB )   ( 26 ) To reveal the rule of mineral ions distribution of the Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. in saline soil habitat to ensure the efficient planting and high yield, mature E. angustifolia grown in different salinity soils were used as study materials, the characteristics of absorption, transport and distribution of Na+, K+, Mg2+and Ca2+ in roots, branches and leaves were analyzed. The results showed that in saline soil environment, leaves of E. angustifolia had strong selective absorbing capacity for Ca2+ and Mg2+. In lower salt (from Grade I to II) soil environment, the Na+ content in leaves increased significantly, while in higher salt (from Grade III to IV) situation, Na+ absorbed in roots was more than that in branches and leaves. With the increase of soil salinity, the accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in branches and leaves increased significantly. The capacity of mineral ions transportation from roots to branches and leaves increased in Grade I-III salinity soil environment, and this capacity was inhibited in Grade IV salinity soil environment. The values of K+/Na+and Mg2+/Na+in roots and branches increased first and then decreased. K+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ value in leaves had little variation, and the Ca2+/Na+ value in the roots and leaves varied greatly. The salt adaptation mechanism of mature E. angustifolia is mainly achieved by the accumulation of Na+ in roots and the enhanced selective absorbing capacity of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in leaves, and also related to the relatively stable selective transport capacity of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+in branches.

  Effects of Different Management Practices on Soil Nutrient and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses with Runoff of Citrus Orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Wang Xiaorong, Tang Wanpeng, Fu Tian, Huang Zhilin, He Wei, Liu Changfu 2021, 37 (11):  95-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0350 Abstract + ( 401 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 47 ) To detect the effect of fertilization management and plant configuration on soil nutrient in plantation, six treatments, including conventional fertilization (CF), conventional fertilization + grass cover (CF+GC), conventional fertilization + grass cover + plant hedge (CF+GC+PH), integration of water and fertilizer (IWF), integration of water and fertilizer + grass cover (IWF+GC), integration of water and fertilizer + grass cover + plant hedge (IWF+GC+PH), were conducted in a citrus orchard located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and the loss of soil nutrients in the surface runoff were measured using field runoff plot method. The results showed that the proportion of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in citrus orchard under integration of water and fertilizer treatment were 92.41% and 32.45% higher on average than those under conventional fertilization treatments. Grass cover and plant hedge improved TN by 17.30%-39.10%, but did not show a regular effect on TP. The fertilization mode, grass cover and plant hedge had no regular effect on soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), while significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen content (NH4+-N). The surface runoff gradually increased along with the increasing rainfall under all treatments. Compared with the conventional fertilization management, integration of water and fertilizer management could effectively reduce the occurrence of surface runoff. The allocation of grass cover and plant hedge measures could further reduce surface runoff. Under the management of integration of water and fertilizer, TN and NO3--N in surface runoff of citrus orchard were relatively high, while TP and NH4+-N were relatively low. Plant configuration also reduced the proportion of TN, TP, NH4+-N and NO3--N in surface runoff, about 15.88%-37.55%, 23.48%-55.54%, 14.11%-39.92%, 25.34%-47.96%, respectively. Overall, fertilization mode, fertilization time, rainfall intensity and surface vegetation configuration could affect soil nutrient retention and nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoffs. The results suggest that the integration of water and fertilizer management combined with water-conserving plants configuration should be widely applied in citrus orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, to reduce fertilizer inputs and soil nutrient loss.

  Effects on Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize: Different Fertilization Modes Zheng Jie, Guo Shiqian, Cui Zengtuan, Gao Fei, Dong Xingchen 2021, 37 (11):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0367 Abstract + ( 338 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 110 ) The objective is to provide data support for balanced fertilization of maize in Gansu Province. The maize in Gansu was use as material, the effects of soil testing and fertilization recommendation (T1), fertigation (T2), and slow/controlled release fertilizer (T3) modes on crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency were compared in field experiments. The results showed that for different fertilization modes, the grain yield of maize was as following: T2>T1>T3. The apparent use efficiency and agronomic efficiency of N, P and K also followed the above order. Compared with T1 treatment, the apparent use efficiency of N, P and K in T2 treatment increased by 28.10%, 46.84%, 15.17%, respectively, and increased by 34.57%, 62.92%, 30.70%, respectively, compared with those of T3 treatment. The agronomic efficiency of N, P and K in T2 treatment had on significant differences with those of T1 treatment, but they were obviously higher than those of T3 treatment. In conclusion, fertigation is the most effective fertilization mode for maize production in Gansu.

  Effect of Walnut Special Bio-organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer on Walnut Planting Zhao Xuetong, Xu Siqi, Zhang Qi, Pan Wenzheng, Shang Haili, Wang Bin, Wang Jingxian, Zhao Rongbiao 2021, 37 (11):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0298 Abstract + ( 401 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1352KB )   ( 53 ) At present, the special fertilizer for walnut is based on compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which has low fertilizer utilization rate and can cause waste of fertilizer and increase the cost of fertilization. This study combined the law of walnut fertilizer and the status of soil nutrient in the main walnut producing area, and studied the application of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on walnut in Yunnan, aiming to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce the application amount of fertilizer and enhance the soil microbial activity. The soil microorganism and the colonization of functional strains were detected during fertilizer application, and the agronomic characters of the treated walnut plants were determined. The results showed that 16-6-8 bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (oil blight fermentation) could promote the growth of bacteria and actinomyces, inhibit the growth of fungi, and facilitate the colonization of 4 functional bacteria in the soil. 16-6-8 bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (flue gas fermentation) had obvious effect on walnut yield and quality improvement. Based on the agronomic characters, economic characters and fertilization cost, the bio-inorganic-inorganic compound fertilizer formed by the fermented tobacco stalk and ash had a relatively low cost, and the field performance and yield of walnut were relatively high. Therefore, the bioorganic-inorganic compound fertilizer is recommended for the production of walnut.

  Effect of Continuous Application of Biochar on Soil Phosphorus Forms and Adsorption and Release Characteristics in Greenhouse Wang Qiujun, Xu Liping, Guo Dejie, Wang Guangfei, Liang Yonghong, Ma Yan 2021, 37 (11):  114-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0347 Abstract + ( 399 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 62 ) In view of the problems of excessive accumulation and easy loss of soil phosphorus caused by long-term application of large amounts of organic fertilizer in greenhouse, this study intends to increase phosphorus adsorption in soil and reduce phosphorus loss by applying biochar. In addition, the effect of continuous application of biochar on the form and effectiveness of soil phosphorus in greenhouse was unclear, a long-term positioning experiment in pepper greenhouses was conducted to study the effects of continuous application of biochar on soil available phosphorus content, different forms of phosphorus, phosphorus adsorption and release. The results show that the application of biochar with pig manure straw organic fertilizer (15 t/hm2) could significantly increase the soil organic carbon content and soil pH, and significantly change the content of soil phosphorus components, significantly increase NaHCO3 Pi, NaHCO3 Po, Fe/Al-Pi and Ca-Pi content, and significantly reduce Ca-Po content. In addition, the continuous application of biochar in four seasons could also increase the adsorption of soil phosphorus, thereby reducing the release of soil phosphorus. The results of this study indicates that long-term application of large amounts of organic fertilizer in the facility soil combined with biochar could increase the adsorption of soil phosphorus while maintaining the effective supply of soil phosphorus, thereby reducing the risk of soil phosphorus loss.

  Progress of Mid Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Environment Research Tang Jian, Zhao Junyu, Qin Zuoyu, Wang Huili, Shi Yuanyuan 2021, 37 (11):  122-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0366 Abstract + ( 855 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 71 ) Soil is the basis of agricultural and forestry production, and it is of great significance to obtain soil information efficiently and comprehensively for soil management. Due to the complexity of soil chemical analysis method, it is difficult to obtain the soil chemical component information comprehensively. As a non-destructive, real-time and high-throughput analysis method, mid infrared spectroscopy (MIR) has the ability to obtain soil organic environmental information efficiently and accurately. It can provide a large number of basic data for soil environmental monitoring, digital mapping, agricultural and forestry production, and help to realize the real-time monitoring of soil environment and the informatization of agriculture and forestry. In this paper, we briefly introduced the detection process and data processing methods of soil environmental spectral information obtained by mid infrared spectroscopy technology, reviewed the research progress of soil spectral feature extraction and influencing factors in recent years, and discussed the significance and future development direction of soil science.

  Sugar Beet Breeding for Resistance to Rhizomania: A Review Shi Haoqi, Pi Zhi, Wu Zedong, Ni Hongtao 2021, 37 (11):  128-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0355 Abstract + ( 497 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1407KB )   ( 62 ) To investigate the sources of resistance genes and the characteristics of their action in breeding for sugar beet rhizomania disease resistance, we summarized the sources of sugar beet rhizomania disease resistance, including Alba resistance sources, Rizor and Holly resistance sources, WB42 resistance sources, WB41 and WB258 resistance sources and R36 resistance sources. We also described the characteristics of five resistance genes for sugar beet rhizomania disease resistance. In addition, breeding methods for rhizomania disease resistance resources were summed up, including backcrossing, hybridization and rotational selection. These methods are used to integrate sugar beet carrying rhizomania disease resistance resources into highly adapted sugar beet germplasm resources, creating desirable resistance resources. Breeding and selecting genotypes for resistance to sugar beet rhizomania disease could be slow, laborious and expensive. The resistance of varieties with resistance genes is easily disrupted. The following strategies are proposed: (1) selecting new desirably sugar beet varieties by molecular markers; (2) identifying new resistance genes continuously and integrating them into the gene pool of sugar beet; (3) developing new sources of resistance will provide opportunities to release varieties with sufficient resistance by identifying the alleles of other loci with the previously identified resistance genes. The next challenge in breeding sugar beet resistant to rhizomania disease will be the introduction of new resistance genes into breeding material and combining them by aggregating multiple resistance genes at different loci into breeding lines to maximize the level of resistance to rhizomania disease of sugar beet.

  Dynamic Protection of Binglangjiang Buffalo Breeding System Wang Jinmei, Yang Yuan, Miao Yongwang 2021, 37 (11):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0385 Abstract + ( 486 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 184 ) To understand the dynamic protection status of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system, better inherit China's important agricultural cultural heritage, and make a full play of its important role in agricultural production, the current situation of dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system was analyzed by using the method of literature research and field investigation. The results show that through the conservation, propagation and utilization of this breed, the substitute breeding mode of the buffalo and the development of characteristic industry of buffalo milk and dairy products, the dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system has achieved certain results. However, there are still some problems, such as the threat to the survival of buffalo, the low public participation in the protection of agricultural cultural heritage, and the insufficient integration and development of related industries, which affect the dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system to a certain extent. On the basis of the investigation, this paper puts forward some suggestions on strengthening the dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system, including perfecting agricultural cultural heritage protection policies and measures, formulating protection strategic planning, strengthening the publicity and popularization of agricultural cultural heritage, and establishing a multi-participation mechanism; implementing multi-functional industrial development, establishing the dynamic protection mechanism of agricultural multi-functional extension, and building a benefit-sharing mechanism to ensure farmers' interests.

  The Situation and Development of Agricultural Cooperation Between China and Russia Ye Xiao, N.A. Tcyganova, Zhang Xiong, Zhou Pingping, Ye Pengsheng 2021, 37 (11):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0617 Abstract + ( 733 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 1114 ) Agriculture is not only the foundation of human existence, but also the basic industry of China. Since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have opened up new dimensions constantly and promoted the development of agricultural cooperation actively with the countries along the route. Russia is an important partner of the Belt and Road Initiative strategy and the two countries have kept agricultural cooperation for a long time. But the scale of cooperation is still small, the efficiency is still low, and the expected results have not been achieved. In order to promote the development of agricultural economy of both sides, China and Russia should seize the opportunity to deepen agricultural cooperation under the environment of economic globalization. This article sketches the present situation of Russian agriculture, and proposes the ideas of promoting agricultural cooperation between China and Russia through the analysis of the specific circumstance and existing problems of the two countries in agricultural products trade, agricultural investments, agricultural education and scientific and technological cooperation. The study results could provide references for domestic departments and enterprises to carry out agricultural cooperation with Russia.

  Approach to the City-industry Integration of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone Under the Background of New-type Urbanization Zhu Mengting, Feng Tingwei 2021, 37 (11):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0222 Abstract + ( 365 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 435 ) City-industry integration is the new idea in response to the situation and problems of urbanization, as the input factor of industrial prosperity and service object of urban construction in the process of city-industry integration, human development is the starting point and the fundamental foothold of city-industry integration. Therefore, it is significant to explore the process and path of city-industry integration, which take the collaborative development of production-city-human system as guidance from the perspective of humanism. Based on the inner mechanism among urban construction, industrial prosperity and human development, the city-industry integration of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone was divided into 8 types by entropy weight method. The results show that: there is an internal synergy mechanism in the three-dimensional integrated development system of urban construction, industry prosperity and human development, and the relationship among them should be fully considered in the process of urbanization to establish a harmonious and mutually promoting development system. Also, the city-industry integration’s types of cities are different, so the entry points to realize the harmonious development of production-city-human system. Cities should improve the development strategy according to local conditions to promote the process of new-type urbanization.

  Study on Measurement of Industrial Agglomeration of Vegetable Specialized Villages in Beijing Shi Jin, Xu Guangcai 2021, 37 (11):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0849 Abstract + ( 331 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1535KB )   ( 66 ) This paper takes Beijing vegetable specialized village as the research object, selects the relevant data of Beijing vegetable specialized villages and vegetable industry from 2012 to 2018, and uses the location quotient index calculation method to calculate the industrial agglomeration degree of Beijing vegetable specialized village from two aspects of time and space. Using the method of concentration index calculation, the concentration degree is calculated from the total output value of the leading industry and the number of farmers engaged in the industry in vegetable specialized villages. The results show that there is an agglomeration in vegetable specialized villages in Beijing, but the agglomeration is unstable and has certain fluctuation. Shunyi District, Tongzhou District and Pinggu District have a high degree and stable state of agglomeration. The agglomeration areas are mainly concentrated in Shunyi District and Fangshan District. The research proposes some suggestions as improving the infrastructure construction of vegetable specialized villages, building up the regional brand effect of vegetable specialized villages, giving full play to the radiating and driving role of vegetable demonstration villages, and promoting the construction of specialized towns, bases and industrial parks.