Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.10 Published:05 April 2021

  Combination of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer: Effects on Yield, Benefit and Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency of Rice ‘Changyou 4’ Duanmu Liling 2021, 37 (10):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0076 Abstract + ( 498 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1146KB )   ( 92 ) In the study, the effects of nitrogen levels and transplanting densities on yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of rice were studied, and the economic benefits of different treatments were analyzed, aiming to provide practical information for rice breeding and production in future. The high yield and high quality hybrid rice ‘Changyou 4’, which bred by Changshu Institute of Agricultural Science and approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee of China, was used as the test material. A randomized block design experiment was conducted. The two factors of nitrogen application rate and transplanting density were set up, the nitrogen application rate was 330, 180, 0 kg/hm 2, and the density was 45×104, 30×104, 18×104 seedlings/hm2, respectively. The grain yield and economic benefit and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of ‘Changyou 4’ were analyzed. The results show that the nitrogen application and transplanting density have significant influence on the grain yield, yield component and nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The grain yield increases with the increase of nitrogen level and transplanting density. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreases with the increase of nitrogen level and transplanting density. However, the grain yield significantly decreases when the nitrogen level is more than N 180 kg/hm 2. The increase of N significantly raises the benefits, however, transplanting density does not change the benefit significantly. Under the conditions of this experiment, the best treatment for ‘Changyou 4’ is A2B3, when the nitrogen application is N 180 kg/hm 2 and transplanting density is 18×104 seedlings/hm2, the grain yield is 9919.2 kg/hm2, the economic benefit is 12542.2 yuan/hm2and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency is 19.87 kg/kg, respectively.

  The Effect of Abiotic Stresses on Sugar Yield in Energy Crops: A Review Zhu Lin, Bai Zhenqing, Wang Yanfeng, Wu Jiawen 2021, 37 (10):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0100 Abstract + ( 744 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1121KB )   ( 234 ) Using agricultural field, which is not suitable for food crop production under the stress of unfavorable environmental factors, to cultivate energy crops can not only ensure sustainable agricultural development, but also provide feedstock for biofuels production, and then alleviate energy crisis. Because sugar is the base for producing biofuel ethanol, this study reviewed the effects of water, salinity, temperature, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) nutrients, planting density, plant hormones and heavy metals, etc. on the accumulation of sugar in energy crops. It is found that drought, salinity-alkalinity or slight low temperature, and proper application of NPK fertilizer, rare earth elements or ABA (abscisic acid) are beneficial to promote sugar accumulation in crops, indicating that appropriate abiotic stresses and supplementation of fertilizer or foliar application of micro-fertilizer could substantially facilitate ethanol production. The study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for better use of farmland, which is not suitable for food production as a result of environmental stress, to cultivate energy crops.

  The Enlightenment of US-China Trade Friction on the Development of Shenzhen’s Biological Agriculture Wang Chun’an, Wu Jun, Wei Ziyi, Zhao Hongde, He Hongbin, Chen Yanping 2021, 37 (10):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0186 Abstract + ( 760 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1556KB )   ( 47 ) This article reviewed the beginning and end of a trade war launched by the United States against China based on the results of the ‘301 Investigation’ since March 2018, analyzed a series of negative effects brought by the continuous escalation of the trade war, the shortage of domestic supply of agricultural products such as soybean and corn, and the high degree of China’s import dependence. The escalating trade war forced China to innovate bio-agricultural technologies. As bio-agriculture has become a new economic growth point, Shenzhen regards bio-agriculture as one of the important contents of implementing innovation-driven development strategy and cultivating strategic emerging industries. Shenzhen, taking the leading role in the bio-agriculture industry, should initiate the agricultural supply-side structural reform, improve the resource allocation efficiency, develop bio-agricultural technologies, foster innovative bio-agricultural enterprises, and substantially promote the development of China’s bio-agricultural industry.

  Comparison of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Populus euphratica Leaves of Different Tree Ages in Yulin Li Junbao, Dong Qiang, Zhu Jianjun, Shi Yulin, Chai Hongye, Yu Jing, Fu Xuanqi, Wan Jianjun 2021, 37 (10):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300276 Abstract + ( 559 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 52 ) The paper aims to compare leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica trees introduced in Yulin. The experiment was carried out with 11 introduced P. euphratica from the Hongshixia Sand Botanical Garden as the research materials. The chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of leaves, including the chlorophyll content (SPAD), minmal fluorescence (F0), maximal fluorescence (Fm), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), асtuаl photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), acyclic electron transfer rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), were determined at the growing and yellowing stage, and different fertilizer treatments (organic fertilizer 0, 75, 150 kg/hm 2) were set up to measure the plant height, diameter at breast height and crown diameter of 6-year-old P. euphratica. The results showed that the difference of chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR, qP and NPQ of P. euphratica were significantly obvious under different tree ages (P<0.05). The chlorophyll content of 2-year-old P. talassica×P. euphratica was the highest, while the values of Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR, and qP of 4-year-old, 2-year-old and 5-year-old P. euphratica were relatively higher than those of other materials. Fertilization treatment significantly increased the plant height and crown width of P. , and 150 kg/hm 2 organic fertilizer was the most effective fertilizer application amount. In summary, the 4-year-old, 2-year-old and 5-year-old P. euphratica are suitable for introduction in Yulin, and 150 kg/hm 2 organic fertilizer is the optimum fertilization rate.

  Effects of Exogenous Hormones and Substrate on Cutting Rooting of Cryptocarya concinna Liang Xiaochun, Huang Songdian, Jiang Yimin, Zhao Chunmei 2021, 37 (10):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0282 Abstract + ( 359 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 25 ) To improve the rooting rate and survival rate of the seedlings, the rooting characteristics of Cryptocarya concinna were discussed, and the influence of exogenous hormones and matrix factors on the cutting was analyzed, so as to provide scientific reference for the seedling breeding and tree propagation. The effects of exogenous hormones and substrate on cutting rooting were studied by means of variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, using L9(3 4) orthogonal experiment design and taking the species of C. concinna as research objects. The results showed that: taking yellow soil as the substrate, the rooting rate of C. concinna was the highest, up to 70.0%, which was significantly higher than that of river sand, peat soil and coconut. IAA treatment had the highest rooting rate and sprouting rate, up to 66.7% and 52.2%, among different hormone treatments. The rooting rate of cuttings was the highest by the hormone concentration of 250 mg/L and decreased with the increase of hormone concentration, but the basal callus rate was the opposite. The influence of different soaking time on the rooting rate and the basal callus rate of C. concinna was different, with the highest rooting rate in the 30 min treatment and the highest basal callus rate in the 10 min treatment. Based on the results of three statistical analysis methods, it is found that the effect of rooting and sprouting on cutting of C. concinna is the best with the rooting rate of 76.7% and the sprouting rate of 70.0% when the yellow soil is used as the cutting substrate, and IBA rooting solution with a concentration of 250 mg/L is used to soak the base of cuttings for 10 min.

  Effects of Glomus mosseae on Seedling Growth and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake of Two Cucumber Cultivars He Jiayi, Fan Yaping, Wang Yan, Zhang Zhi, Wang Changxian 2021, 37 (10):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0232 Abstract + ( 486 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 46 ) ‘Chiyu126’ and ‘Jinyan No.4’ were used as hosts to explore the effects of Glomus mosseae on the growth and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of the cucumber seedlings. A pot experiment was conducted, and the hosts were inoculated with G. mosseae individually at the stage of nursery. Five weeks later, the main growth parameters and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in shoots were determined. The results showed that compared with the control, the dry weight of shoots and roots increased by 45.5% and 30.6%, respectively, for ‘Chiyu126’ inoculated with G. mosseae, however, the root growth of ‘Jinyan No.4’ was significantly inhibited by inoculating with G. mosseae and the root and total biomass were significantly lower than those of its corresponding control; moreover, for ‘Chiyu126’, the total nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly improved by G. mosseae, and the total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in shoots were 1.29 times and 1.39 times as much as those of the control, respectively, meanwhile, for ‘Jinyan No.4’ inoculated with G. mosseae, the total nitrogen concentration in shoots was significantly lower than that of its corresponding control, and the phosphorus concentration was not affected by G. mosseae. The growth and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of ‘Chiyu126’ are improved by G. mosseae, and it is an ideal symbiotic combination between ‘Chiyu126’ and G. mosseae.

  Age Structure and Distribution Pattern of Lycium ruthenicum Population of Different Habitats in Hexi Corridor Li Delu, Wei Linyuan, Zhang Zhiping, Li Changlong, Liu Xiaoping 2021, 37 (10):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0152 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 127 ) Based on the measurement of crown, height and density of Lycium ruthenicum population in different habitats in Hexi corridor, this paper analyzed the growth difference and the distribution pattern of L. ruthenicum population. The results show that: (1) the density, height and crown of L. ruthenicum population are different among the habitats, the more serious salinization degree, the more single the species, the density of L. ruthenicum population is greater; except the population of L. ruthenicum in Majiajing of Minqin County, there is no significant difference in height and crown among other groups (P>0.05); (2) the age structure of L. ruthenicum population on the semi-fixed sand dune is the declining type, and the rest is the stable type, affected by the arid climate and salinization, the regeneration of L. ruthenicum population is slow, and the number of seedlings is very limited, which is adverse to the stable development of the population; (3) all the 8 habitat types of L. ruthenicum show an aggregation distribution, the aggregation intensity varies with the habitats; the order of aggregation intensity is: semi-fixed sand dune in Majiajing, Minqin County> severe saline alkali land in the south of Guazhou County, Jiuquan City> saline alkali land in the lacustrine sediments of Baitujing, Minqin County> moderate saline alkali land in Shuisheng village of Minqin County >severe saline alkali land in Fengzheng village of Minqin County> sand covered moderate saline alkali land in Shanglijia village of Minqin County> light saline alkali land of reclamation in Huanghui village of Minqin County> the land covered with sand dunes in Xinghe village of Minqin County.

  Effects of Salt Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sedum aizoon Seedling Huang Yali, Liu Xinghong, Huang Wenjia, Pan Yadong, Peng Lin, Du Qingsong, Liu Jinlong, Mou Xiangqin, Liu Fangchun 2021, 37 (10):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0248 Abstract + ( 641 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 48 ) To explore the salt tolerance mechanism of Sedum aizoon seedlings, six salt gradients including 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.2% NaCl were conducted to determine their influence on seedling growth, content of Na+, K+, soluble sugar, soluble protein and chlorophyll, as well as the activity of SOD, CAT and POD. The results show that significant differences on physiological and biochemical characteristics are observed among S. aizoon seedlings under different salt stress conditions. When the salt concentration is no more than 0.4%, it could promote the growth of S. aizoon, while the salt concentration reaching 1.0% could inhibit the plant growth. As the increase of the salt concentration, the Na+ content and the Na+/K+ ratio increase gradually, whereas the activities of SOD, CAT and POD present a first increase and then decrease trend. The soluble sugar content in plants increases significantly with the increase of the salt concentration, reaching the maximum at 0.8% concentration. A trend of the soluble protein content of first increase and then decrease is observed with the increase of salt concentration. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content has a continuous decreasing trend with the increase of the salt concentration. Compared with 0.2% salt concentration, chlorophyll content under 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% is decreased by 11.5%, 50.0% and 79.9%, respectively. Overall, when the salt concentration is no more than 0.4%, it can improve the salt stress resistance by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and then promote seedling growth of S. aizoon.

  Characteristics and Value of Traditional Lotus Culture System in Guangchang, Jiangxi Province Huang Guoqin 2021, 37 (10):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0123 Abstract + ( 375 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 163 ) Jiangxi Guangchang traditional lotus culture system was selected into the fourth batch of China's important agricultural cultural heritage in 2017. The system consists of three parts: lotus, lotus cultivation techniques and lotus culture. It has notable characteristics of ancient origin, regional distribution, system complexity, biodiversity, advanced technology and extensive influence, and has ten values of edible value, medical value, economic value, social value, ecological value, cultural value, tourism value, popular science value, scientific research value and educational value.

  The Survival Rate and Growth Characteristics of Grafted Seedling of Camellia azalea with Different Rootstocks Huang Zhanwen, Lu Jiashi, Bu Zhaoyang, Li Chunniu, Li Xianmin 2021, 37 (10):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0406 Abstract + ( 325 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2982KB )   ( 32 ) The paper aims to select good rootstocks and stock-scion combination of Camellia azalea, meanwhile, to study relations between graft affinity and those indexes. Five types of C. oleifera cultivars (C. oleifera, C. gauchowensis, C. semiserrata, ‘Cenruan 2’ and ‘Cenruan 3’), which were widely cultivated in Guangxi, were used as rootstocks, and the C. azalea was used as scion to carry out the seed grafting test. The results showed that the survival rate from high to low was: C. gauchowensis (83.33%)> ‘Cenruan 3’ (79.44%)> ‘Cenruan 2’ (70.00%)> C. oleifera (63.33%)> C. semiserrata (50.00%). The diameter ratio between scions and rootstocks in each combination was close to 1, which showed that the synchronous growth was good. Membership function analysis of various indicators showed that the growth of grafted seedlings from high to low was: C. gauchowensis>C. semiserrata>‘Cenruan 3’> C. oleifera>‘Cenruan 2’. There was a certain correlation between the survival rate of grafted seedlings of different rootstocks, new shoots and root growth indicators. According to the comprehensive analysis results, all five kinds of tested C. oleifera and C. azalea have certain compatibility, among them, C. gauchowensis and C. azalea have the best compatibility of grafting.

  Effects of Trichoderma Preparation on Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Growth of Jasminum sambac Du Chanjuan, Zhang Jin, Liu Tong, Li Chunniu, Yang Di, Pan Lianfu, Fu Gang 2021, 37 (10):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0158 Abstract + ( 505 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 186 ) To determine the effect of Trichoderma preparation on the growth promotion of Jasminum sambac and the amount of microorganism in rhizosphere soil, the plant height of J. sambac was measured in field after the application of Trichoderma preparation, and the amount of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil was measured by dilution separation method. The results showed that, among the three Trichoderma preparations, T9 and H6 treatments could significantly increase the amount of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of J. sambac. The amount of fungi treated with T9 was the highest, which was 14.19×104 spore/g, 196.86% higher than that of the control. The amount of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of J. sambac was significantly increased by three Trichoderma preparations, and the amount of bacteria treated with T9 was the highest, which was 21.68×106 CFU/g, 222.14% higher than that of the control. The growth of J. sambac was promoted by three kinds of Trichoderma preparations. The plant height treated with T9 was 43.37 cm, which was 22.10% higher than that of the control. Trichoderma preparation of T9 can significantly increase the amount of rhizosphere microorganisms and promote the growth of jasmine.

  Effect of Temperatures on Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Volatiles in Hypericum perforatum Sun Ping, Chen Sijin, Xing Hua, Zhang Zhen, Yao Yuanyuan, Yang Xuezhen, Zhang Xiaona, Li Mengfei 2021, 37 (10):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0143 Abstract + ( 584 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1937KB )   ( 64 ) The paper aims to unveil the effect of temperatures on biosynthesis and accumulation of VOCs and effectively regulate the biosynthesis of bio-actives constituents in Hypericum perforatum. The ethanol extracts from aerial parts of H. perforatum seedlings at 15, 22 and 30℃ treatments were respectively separated and identified by GS-MS. Total 81 volatiles were identified at the three temperatures, and 37, 39 and 43 compounds were identified at 15, 22 and 30℃, respectively. Comparison of the total peak area showed that the relative content (RC) of total volatiles significantly decreased with the temperatures increase, with a 7% and 21% decrease at 22 and 30℃ compared with that at 15℃, respectively. Comparison of the individual RC found that 23 compounds presented a decrease with the temperatures increase or only existed at 15℃. The constituents and accumulation of VOCs in H. perforatum are significantly affected by temperature, and relative low temperature can enhance the biosynthesis and accumulation of VOCs.

  Germination Characteristics of Scoparia dulcis Seeds Zhu Yanxia, Chen Dongliang, Huang Yanfen 2021, 37 (10):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0161 Abstract + ( 695 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 106 ) The paper aims to study the germination characteristics of Scoparia dulcis seeds, and provide a scientific basis for standardized cultivation of S. dulcis. The seeds of S. dulcis were used as materials under different conditions of temperature, light, gibberellins (GA) soaking, polyethylene glycol (PEG) soaking and potassium nitrate (KNO3) soaking. The results showed that: (1) the seeds of S. dulcis did not germinate under the constant temperature of 20℃ and 35℃; the germination percentages of constant temperature of 25℃ and 30℃, alternating temperature 25℃/day and 15℃/night, 30℃/day and 20℃/night and 35℃/day and 25℃/night were 78 %, 43%, 73%, 94% and 75% respectively; (2) the seeds of S. dulcis did not germinate under full dark condition, and the seeds germinated normally after light exposure; (3) at 25℃, after soaking seeds with 1%-5% PEG-6000, 1-100 mg/L GA and 1-5 mmol/L KNO3, the germination rates were 86%-90%, 93%-95%, and 87%-88%, respectively, significantly higher than the control treatment of distilled water. The seed of S. dulcis is light-demanding, and the suitable germination temperature is alternating temperature 30℃ at day for 12 h and 20℃ at night for 12 h, soaking seeds in PEG-6000 (1%-5%), GA (1-100 mg/L), and KNO3 (0.01-5 mg/L) solution can promote the germination of S. dulcis seeds.

  Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Citri grandis Exocarpium Germplasm Resources in Huazhou Cao Zheng, Chen Guojun, He Chunling, Zeng Xiangyou 2021, 37 (10):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0138 Abstract + ( 641 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 53 ) The purpose is to apply principal component analysis and cluster analysis to analyze and identify Citri grandis exocarpium germplasm resources in macro and micro level, and provide a basis for identifying, evaluating, protecting, developing and utilizing Citri grandis exocarpium germplasm resources. SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the variability and principal components of 17 major botanical quantitative trait indexes and 6 physical and chemical indexes of Citri grandis exocarpium germplasm resources, MEGA7 was used to conduct the cluster analysis based on the SNP results. It is found that different Citri grandis exocarpium germplasm resources vary significantly in effective components, flower and leaf traits; and there are 6 main component factors including flavonoid factor and fruit shape factor and 12 influential indicators including naringin, total flavonoids and pistil thickness; germplasm resources are clustered into 2 categories and each has its own characteristics.

  Microbial Diversity Change in Different Soil Types After Cultivating Pepper Chen Juan, Liu Zhoubin, Ou Lijun 2021, 37 (10):  84-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0259 Abstract + ( 811 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1672KB )   ( 82 ) To explore the microbial community structure and soil type suitable for pepper cultivation through the changes of the community structure of different soil rhizosphere microbes after pepper planting, we used the pepper (Capsicum annuum) SJ11-3, an inbreed line, as the material, and conducted the high throughput RNA-seq sequencing via Illumina MiSeq 2500 sequencing platform on the rhizosphere microorganisms from three different types of soil (fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil and yellow-brown soil) after cultivating pepper with uncultivated soil as control. Using bioinformatics analyses, we evaluated the abundance indexes and the diversity indexes from the V3+V4 region of 16S rRNA gene of soil bacteria and the ITS1 region of soil fungi as well as the soil microbial community structure. The results showed that a total of 2253 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and a total of 775 fungal OTUs were obtained in control while a total of 2353 bacterial OTUs and a total of 877 fungal OTUs were obtained after planting pepper. Planting pepper caused the increase of bacterial OTUs and fungal OTUs in the three different types of soil and the number of OTUs unique to fluvo-aquic soil was significantly higher than those unique to paddy soil and yellow-brown soil before and after cultivating pepper. In addition, we also found that the relative abundances of bacterial genus, including Rhodanobacter, Gemmatimonas, Bradyrhizobium and Sphingomonas etc., and the fungal genus, including Fusarium and Penicillium etc., were significantly increased in three types of cultivated pepper soil. Meanwhile, the analyses of the microbial community species abundance indexes (ACE and Chao1 indexes) and the microbial community species diversity indexes (Shannon and Simpson index) indicated that planting pepper caused the significant increase of the fungal Shannon index but significant decrease of Simpson index in fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil and yellow-brown soil. However, the bacterial community diversity indexes did not change significantly. The results indicated that cultivating pepper could cause significant influence on the changes of the microbial community diversity, the relative abundances and type of OUT in soil, and enhance the growth and reproduction of bacterial genus and fungal genus in soil. Among the three types of soil, after planting pepper, the microbial community structure in fluvo-aquic soil was healthier and no large enrichment of pathogenic bacteria was observed. However, in paddy soil and yellow-brown soil, the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria easily occurred. Thus, we recommend fluvo-aquic soil as the suitable type for cultivating pepper.

  Effects of Soil Remediation and Mulching with Grass-proof Cloth on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Tableland Pomelo Orchard Li Falin, Zhuang Mulai, Qian Xiaojie, Shi Guoqiang, Cao Minghua, Zhang Tianxiang, Lin Xiaolan, Wu Ying, Li Yan 2021, 37 (10):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0305 Abstract + ( 265 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1352KB )   ( 91 ) To promote the popularization of grass planting techniques and soil acidification treatments in orchard, and enhance the high-quality development of Guanxi pomelo production, the runoff plot method was used to observe the control effect of mulching with grass-proof cloth and soil remediation on soil runoff and non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in Guanxi pomelo orchards. The main results showed that: (1) mulching with grass-proof cloth could significantly reduce the surface runoff, and the runoff of each time was 21.29%-86.29% of the control area; (2) zeolite powder and dolomite powder could significantly reduce the concentration and loss of total nitrogen and soluble total nitrogen in runoff, and the total nitrogen loss was 64.16% and 63.39% of the control (the cleaning tillage) respectively, and the soluble total nitrogen concentration was 56.76% and 57.65% of the control (the cleaning tillage) respectively; zeolite powder and dolomite powder could reduce the concentration and loss of total phosphorus and soluble total phosphorus in runoff, but the difference was not significant; the effects of zeolite powder and dolomite powder had no significant difference; (3) mulching with grass-proof cloth could significantly reduce total nitrogen loss and soluble total nitrogen concentration of soil runoff, significantly reduce total phosphorus and soluble total phosphorus concentration of annual runoff; the average concentration of annual runoff total phosphorus and annual runoff soluble total phosphorus was 0.035 and 0.006 mg/L, respectively; the total phosphorus of runoff was significantly reduced by 11.54 g/hm2, and the total phosphorus loss of annual runoff was very significantly reduced by 2.02 mg/hm2. The techniques of grass planting could reduce runoff volume and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, so as to cut down the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus; the treatments of soil remediation could reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, to decrease the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.

  Vulnerability Analysis of Agricultural Drought in Henan Province Li Zhongyuan, Wang Guozhong, Yang Dan, Lu Yuanzhang 2021, 37 (10):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0816 Abstract + ( 469 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 48 ) Ten indicators and grey correlation analysis method were adopted with the worst value of the indicators system as the reference to analyze the vulnerability of agricultural drought by the statistical and meteorological data of 2005 and 2015 in Henan Province, for the purpose to reduce the drought losses. The results showed that the drought vulnerability of Jiyuan, Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Luohe and Hebi were relatively strong in Henan Province, while that of Shangqiu, Zhumadian, Xinyang, Xinxiang and Nanyang were relatively weak, and that of other areas were moderate. The drought vulnerability in Henan Province presented an obviously increasing trend from 2005 to 2015. In conclusion, as the core area of grain production in China, Henan Province should reduce its drought vulnerability and ensure food security by relying on science and technology innovation to develop water conservative and recycling agriculture, protecting water resources and increasing agricultural input.

  Design and Development of “Chu He Wen Tian” Intelligent Weather Service System for Agriculture Li Yuhua, Chu Xi, Che Junhui, Li Wenke, Li Xuxu 2021, 37 (10):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0237 Abstract + ( 613 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2177KB )   ( 45 ) To ensure targeted agricultural meteorological services, the “Chu He Wen Tian” weather service system has been developed by using the Java based on Android. According to the design concept of big data collection, big data analysis, intelligent perception of users’ requirement, intelligent targeting and pushing, the “Chu He Wen Tian” weather service system has the ability of self-perception, judgment and self-adaptation. The front-end system can intelligently perceive users’ requirement and collect users’ meteorological index information. The back-end system can carry out big data analysis, combine the actual weather forecast data to generate ‘one-to-one’ intelligent meteorological service products by using artificial intelligence. Finally, the accurate weather service information can be pushed to users through the cloud service terminal. This weather service system has been widely used in Shandong Province.

  Advances in Biological Control of Leguminous Insect Pests Song Lili, Cong Lin, Zhang Yanru, Zhao Tingting, Jin Shulei, Wang Yanqun, Han Jie, Li Zicong 2021, 37 (10):  113-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0189 Abstract + ( 670 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 74 ) In this paper, the species and damage characteristics of several borers of Leguminous plants were briefly introduced. The biological control measures of seed pests were reviewed. The research progress of natural enemies, pathogenic microorganisms, biological control plants and insect sex pheromones were emphatically introduced. Some existing problems in biological control were pointed out. Combined with the current research situation in China, the key points in future control of leguminous seed pests were put forward.

  Resource Utilization of Stellera chamaejasme Residue Li Jianjun, Zhang Haiying, Guo Jianguo, Guo Zhijie, Lv Heping 2021, 37 (10):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0266 Abstract + ( 565 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 44 ) To provide a basis for the effective utilization of Stellera chamaejasme residue and the development of plant source fertilizer and medicine fertilizer mixture, the method and feasibility of utilizing S. chamaejasme residue were investigated. The growth of wheat and corn and the control effect on Meloidogyne incognita of cucumber and green bean were evaluated with S. chamaejasme residues as the base fertilizer. The results show that S. chamaejasme residue has good effect on the growth of wheat and corn, including seedling length, root length and plant fresh weight. The two treatments of S. chamaejasme residue with doses of 750 and 900 kg/hm 2 have better effect on the seedling length of wheat, while the dose of 900 kg/hm2 has better effect on the root length only, and all of the effects are significantly higher than those of the black treatment (P<0.05). The two doses of 750 and 900 kg/hm2 have evident growth-promoting effect on the seedling length, root length and fresh weight of corn, and the effects are also significantly higher than those of the black treatment (P<0.05). The doses of 750 and 900 kg/hm2 have significantly higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b of wheat and corn than the blank treatment (P<0.05). The results also show that S. chamaejasme residue with doses of 1050 and 1200 kg/hm2 has the best control efficiency against M. incognita of cucumber and green bean than the doses of 450, 600 and 750 kg/hm 2(P<0.01). The S. chamaejasme residue has not only good fertilizer effect on the growth of wheat and corn, but also good control effect against M. incognita of cucumber and green been.

  Correlation Analysis of Pesticide Registration and Usage in Apple Production Shen Youming, Liu Mingyu, Nie Jiyun, Kuang Lixue, Zhang Jianyi, Xu Guofeng 2021, 37 (10):  126-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0180 Abstract + ( 705 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1448KB )   ( 63 ) This study investigated the correlation between apple pesticide registration and usage in China, aiming to provide a basis for pesticide usage and supervision. The information of apple pesticide registration was obtained from the website of the Chinese Pesticide Information Network since the implementation of the pesticide registration policy. The apple pesticide usage in main producing regions was investigated in a total of 276 orchards from seven provinces in 2017 and 2018. Correlation analysis was performed based on the origin data of pesticide registration and actual usage. Up to October 2019, a total of 6012 pesticides were registered on apple, with effective products of 2463, including 1064 insecticides/acaricides, 1260 fungicides, 94 herbicides and 45 plant growth regulators. Major insecticides/acaricides registered and used included avermectin, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, avermectin benzoate, β-cypermethrin and chlorpyrizone, and fungicides included tebuconazole, methylsulfide carbendazim, mancozeb, carbendazim, anisole, polyoxin and bordeaux solution. This study clarifies a significant correlation between the insecticides/acaricides and fungicides registration and the actual usage in apple orchard.

  Residue Analysis of Five Chemical Herbicides in Crops: Research Progress Yang Fengshan, Sun Cong, Bao Xiaxia, Yang Siyuan, Fu Haiyan, Liu Chunguang 2021, 37 (10):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0126 Abstract + ( 707 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 41 ) To solve the problem of chemical herbicide residues in crops, this paper reviewed the residue analysis of amides, sulfonylureas, triazenes, phenoxycarboxylic acids and bipyridine herbicides in crops. The residues of amide herbicides and sulfonylurea herbicides in common crops were analyzed, one representative herbicide was selected from triazene herbicide, phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicide and bipyridine herbicide respectively, and the residue in crops was discussed. Finally, the harm of chemical herbicide residues to crops was summarized. In the future, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to improve the sensitivity and timeliness of herbicide residue detection. We should strengthen the training and guidance of farmers’ rational use of herbicides and the supervision of herbicides, and enhance the development of long residue herbicide substitutes.

  Analysis on General Situation and Characteristics of 20 Highly Cited Papers with Subject of “Rural Revitalization” in China Xu Yan, Jin Leilei, Jiang Yongzhong, Kuang Wenguo 2021, 37 (10):  142-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0194 Abstract + ( 1694 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 235 ) The paper aims to investigate basic features of highly cited papers with the subject of “rural revitalization” in China, so as to provide reference for screening hot topics on “rural revitalization” subject. Articles with the subject of “rural revitalization” published from 2017 to March 15th of 2020 were searched based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),the top 1% papers with a total number of 20 ranked by citation frequency were researched. The results showed that: (1) on the aspect of basic information, 20 highly cited papers were all published in 2017 or 2018, the average citation frequency was higher in 2018 (176.1 times); (2) on the aspect of funds support, papers supported by national funds (nine papers) were the most, followed by the papers supported by research institutes or colleges (five papers); (3) on the aspect of journals, their impact factors (IFs) were generally high (0.586-7.204), most of them were sponsored by the state, province and ministry, with much popularity; (4) on the aspect of authors’ profiles, their corresponding units ranged from Beijing, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Sichuan to Guizhou, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Hubei, most of the first authors came from colleges (12 papers), and 16 authors published two papers or more with the same subject (accounting for 84.2%); (5) on the aspect of other information, the number of papers published in 2018 was twice the papers published in 2017, and the main type of the papers was theoretical analysis; besides, the anomalous percentage of precipitation for citation frequency varied a lot, and there were 13 papers with titles composed of a whole sentence and 13 papers with titles began with nouns, which all accounted for above 50% of the 20 papers; the keywords number of more than 15 papers was three to five. The results of this research can help readers, writers and journals to understand the hot-spots of current investigation on “rural revitalization”, new hot-spots of “rural revitalization” can be found by tracing the outputs of these highly cited authors, research institutes and journals.

  Decomposition and Calculation of Contribution Factors of Grain Yield Change in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas: Taking Yunnan as an Example Mao Zhaoqing, Wang Xuejiao, Chen Liangzheng, Yan Wenguang, Li Longwei 2021, 37 (10):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0292 Abstract + ( 484 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 51 ) The contribution factors of the change of grain yield per unit area are clarified to provide coping strategies for food security in poor mountainous areas. Taking Yunnan Province as an example, based on the grain production data from 1989 to 2018, using the RLI model, this paper constructs a factor decomposition model for the change of grain yield per unit area, and calculates the contribution factors of grain yield change in Yunnan Province from the perspectives of crops and regions. The results show that: the grain yield per unit area in Yunnan presents an obvious upward trend, and the stability of the change is enhanced. The primary contribution factor of grain yield increase in Yunnan is the improvement of grain yield per unit area, with an average contribution rate of 82.21%, but the role of structural effect should not be underestimated. From the perspective of crops, corn and potato have the greatest combined effect, with the contribution rate of 134.89%. From the regional perspective, Baoshan, Zhaotong, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Lincang and Dehong play a leading role. When consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation, governments at all levels in poverty-stricken mountainous areas should properly handle the relationship between industrial poverty alleviation cash crops and food crops, optimize the industrial structure of advantageous areas for grain production, increase research and development investment in new varieties and technologies of grain, accelerate the improvement of grain technology extension system, and strengthen the grain reserve and emergency mechanism in poor mountainous areas.

  Agricultural Social Ecological Responses Under the Erhai Lake Protection and Management Policy Yin Jian, Deng Dan, Huang Chunli, Luo Jia, Chen Yu, Wang Tao 2021, 37 (10):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0055 Abstract + ( 635 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 47 ) The object of the study is to investigate the agricultural social ecological responses under the implementation of the Erhai Lake protection policy, provide suggestions for the Erhai Lake protection and management, and maintain the sustainable development of local agriculture. Questionnaire, five-level Likert-scale and principal component analysis were used to quantitatively analyze the livelihood status, policy cognition, policy response and the relationship among them in the agricultural society under the influence of the protection and management policy of the Erhai Lake. The results show that the implementation of the Erhai Lake protection and management policy has certain impacts on the livelihood of farmers, but the farmers respond highly to the policy, and most of them have changed their original fertilization choices and planting patterns. However, due to the influencing factors such as education level and age, farmers’ cognition of the policy is still low, while that does not hinder their compliance with the policy. Therefore, in the policy implementation process of the Erhai Lake protection, more attentions should be focused on guiding farmers to correctly implement the policy contents and giving a full play to farmers’ initiatives, to gain more sound agricultural social foundation for the policy implementation.