Effects of Cow Faeces Biochar Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Highland Barley

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0624

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizers with different proportions on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization of highland barley, we used cow dung as the research object, prepared biochar by pyrolysis and carbonization at high temperature (350-450℃) under oxygen limitation, and mixed biochar with a certain proportion of chemical fertilizer. The study shows that as the carbonization proceeds, the content of total nitrogen and organic matter (organic carbon) in cow dung are decreased, as well as the C/N ratio, but the content of total phosphorus and total potassium are increased. The application increase of cow dung biochar could raise the content of chlorophyll in the leaf of highland barley, promote the crop to utilize the nutrients in fertilizers, which is benefit to the growth of highland barley, the highest chlorophyll content in leaves is observed under the treatment of ash manure combined with chemical fertilizer. The grain yield of different treatments is significantly different. As the application amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced to 70% and the cow dung biochar is 30%, the grain yield is the highest of 4830.75 kg/hm²(13.88% higher than the control). The straw yield is the highest under the treatment of sheep manure of 22500 kg/hm². Under the same nitrogen input condition, the nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing cow dung biochar.

Key words: cow dung, biochar, highland barley, yield, nitrogen utilization

CLC Number:

X713

Sun Quanping, Peng Jun, Suolang Cuomu, Qin Jiwei, Tan Haiyun, Yang Sutao, Pubu Guiji. Effects of Cow Faeces Biochar Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Highland Barley[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(30): 19-24.

Figures/Tables 7

References 36

[1]	王芬, 刘会, 冯敬涛, 等. 牛粪和生物炭对苹果根系生长、土壤特性和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(12):1795-1801.
[2]	何绪生, 张树清, 佘雕, 等. 生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15):16-25.
[3]	张鹏. 浅析生物质炭基肥的应用效果[J]. 农业工程技术, 2019, 39(5):93.
[4]	武玉, 徐刚, 吕迎春, 等. 生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1):68-79.
[5]	刘鸿骄, 侯亚红, 王磊. 秸秆生物炭还田对围垦盐碱土壤的低碳化改良[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(1):75-80.
[6]	高海英, 陈心想, 张雯, 等. 生物炭和生物炭基氮肥的理化特征及其作物肥效评价[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版, 2013, 41(04):69-78,85.
[7]	乔志刚, 陈琳, 李恋卿, 等. 生物质炭基肥对水稻生长及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(5):175-180.
[8]	校康, 孙亚乔, 马卫国. 添加生物炭对降低冬小麦幼苗盐害并促进其生长的效果研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2019, 38(11):22-27.
[9]	Dokht H F, Naeini S, Dordipour E, et al. Effects of sewage sludge and its biochar on soybean yield in fine-textured loess soil[J]. Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 2017.
[10]	李江遐, 吴林春, 张军, 等. 生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(12):2075-2081.
[11]	Lahori A H, Wang P, Shuncheng J, et al. Use of Biochar as an Amendment for Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils:Prospects and Challenges[J]. Pedosphere, 2017, 27(6):991-1014.
[12]	严学兵, 汪玺, 郭玉霞. 放牧牦牛采食量和几种消化生理指标的测定[J]. 中国草食动物, 2003(5):5-7.
[13]	王煌平, 张青, 章赞德, 等. 不同热解温度限氧制备的畜禽粪便生物炭养分特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(20):233-239.
[14]	金涛. 基于粮食安全的西藏青稞供求分析[J]. 西藏科技, 2013(08):5-7,19.
[15]	黄国勤, 王兴祥, 钱海燕, 等. 施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J]. 生态环境, 2004(4):656-660.
[16]	陈盈, 张满利, 刘宪平, 等. 生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016(3):94-98.
[17]	王瑞峰, 赵立欣, 沈玉君, 等. 生物炭制备及其对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2015, 17(2):126-133.
[18]	卜晓莉, 薛建辉. 生物炭对土壤生境及植物生长影响的研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014, 23(3):535-540.
[19]	Petter F A, Ferreira T S, Sinhorin A P, et al. Biochar Increases the Sorption and Reduces the Potential Contamination of Subsurface Water with Diuron in Sandy Soil[J]. Pedosphere, 2019: 801-809.
[20]	姜玉萍, 杨晓峰, 张兆辉, 等. 生物炭对土壤环境及作物生长影响的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2013, 25(2):410-415.
[21]	勾芒芒, 屈忠义. 生物炭对改善土壤理化性质及作物产量影响的研究进展[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2013(5):1-5.
[22]	王欣, 尹带霞, 张凤, 等. 生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(4):248-257.
[23]	Palakit K, Duangsathaporn K, Lumyai P, et al. Efficiency of biochar and bio-fertilizers derived from maize debris as soil amendments[J]. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 2018, 16(2).
[24]	姚玲丹, 程广焕, 王丽晓, 等. 施用生物炭对土壤微生物的影响[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(4):697-704.
[25]	陈心想, 耿增超, 王森, 等. 施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(4):751-758.
[26]	冯慧琳, 徐辰生, 何欢辉, 等. 生物炭对土壤酶活和细菌群落的影响及其作用机制[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(1):422-432.
[27]	魏俊杰, 洪坚平. 无机有机肥配施生物炭对复垦土壤酶活性以及磷形态的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(6):170-176.
[28]	周震峰, 王建超, 饶潇潇. 添加生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2015, 27(6):110-112.
[29]	陈心想, 耿增超, 王森, 等. 施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(4):751-758.
[30]	阚正荣, 刘鹏, 李超, 等. 施用生物炭对华北平原土壤水分和夏玉米生长发育的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2019, 27(1):146-154.
[31]	张爱平, 刘汝亮, 高霁, 等. 生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5):1352-1360.
[32]	张伟明, 孟军, 王嘉宇, 等. 生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(8):1445-1451.
[33]	Yue L, Lian F, Han Y, et al. The effect of biochar nanoparticles on rice plant growth and the uptake of heavy metals: Implications for agronomic benefits and potential risk[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 656(MAR.15):9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.364 URL
[34]	柳瑞, 高阳, 李恩琳, 等. 减氮配施生物炭对水稻生长发育、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(5):926-932.
[35]	刘园, M.Jamal Khan, 靳海洋, 等. 秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2015, 52(4):849-858.
[36]	刘悦, 史文琦, 曾凡松, 等. 生物炭对小麦赤霉病的防治效果及产量的影响[J]. 植物保护, 2020, 46(4):270-274,281.

指标	全氮/%	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	全磷/%	有效磷/(mg/kg)	全钾/%	速效钾/(mg/kg)	pH	有机质/%	有机碳/%
牛粪	2.04	562.212	0.3506	199.56	0.83	660.64	8.33	63.8658	37.0451
牛粪生物质炭	1.8	52.164	0.6528	196.81	1.37	660.38	9.54	51.861	30.0818
牛粪草木灰	0.196	24.633	1.0838	394.18	1.92	667.34	11.72	2.2729	1.3184

指标	全氮/%	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	全磷/%	有效磷/(mg/kg)	全钾/%	速效钾/(mg/kg)	pH	有机质/%	有机碳/%
牛粪	2.04	562.212	0.3506	199.56	0.83	660.64	8.33	63.8658	37.0451
牛粪生物质炭	1.8	52.164	0.6528	196.81	1.37	660.38	9.54	51.861	30.0818
牛粪草木灰	0.196	24.633	1.0838	394.18	1.92	667.34	11.72	2.2729	1.3184

处理	基本苗/个	株高/cm	千粒重/g	苗期pH
NF	166786	102.8	52.33	7.17
B2C8	121117	93.2	56.60	7.23
B3C7	157230	103.4	54.82	7.43
B4C6	163008	98.4	54.30	7.3
O3C7	172564	101.6	54.88	7.27
PAC7	17164	92.85	53.91	7.33
GM1500	147341	102.8	56.63	7.6
CK	155788	90.8	50.69	7.3

处理	基本苗/个	株高/cm	千粒重/g	苗期pH
NF	166786	102.8	52.33	7.17
B2C8	121117	93.2	56.60	7.23
B3C7	157230	103.4	54.82	7.43
B4C6	163008	98.4	54.30	7.3
O3C7	172564	101.6	54.88	7.27
PAC7	17164	92.85	53.91	7.33
GM1500	147341	102.8	56.63	7.6
CK	155788	90.8	50.69	7.3

处理	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	干秸秆产量/(kg/hm²)
NF	4658.85 aA	6716.70
B2C8	4287.30 bAB	5571.45
B3C7	4830.75 aA	7203.30
B4C6	4700.85 aA	7368.00
O3C7	3784.20 cBC	5191.20
PAC7	3300.15 dCD	5200.35
GM1500	4678.80 aA	8221.95
CK	304.45 dD	6663.30