Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.30 Published:25 October 2021

  Haploid Breeding Techniques: Research Progress Feng Hongyu, Yao Bijiao, Chen Mei, Gao Ling 2021, 37 (30):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0110 Abstract + ( 354 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 77 ) In order to provide theoretical guidance for haploid breeding of Passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) and other tropical fruits in the future, the technical points and development status of different haploid breeding techniques, such as artificial induced androgenesis, artificial induced parthenogenesis and chromosome doubling, were summarized. The application progress of haploid breeding techniques in the breeding of cereals crops, flowers, forest trees and fruit trees were discussed. Based on the review, it is suggested that the development of haploid breeding technology is beneficial to the establishment of homozygous crop varieties, the advancement of genetic research, the formation of new genotypes, and the acceleration of tropical fruit trees breeding.

  The Identification of N and P Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Mature Wheat Lv Guangde, Chen Yongjun, Yin Xundong, Wu Ke, Qian Zhaoguo 2021, 37 (30):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0001 Abstract + ( 346 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 91 ) The study aims to screen wheat varieties with high N and P utilization efficiency, and provide reference for high efficiency wheat breeding and high efficiency fertilizer cultivation technology. Three treatments were set up: control treatment (CK), low nitrogen treatment (LN) and low phosphorus treatment (LP). Nutrient utilization efficiency was calculated according to the grain yield of wheat at maturity stage and the formula of nutrient utilization efficiency identification for improved wheat varieties. NUI(Nitrogen Use Index)≥1.300 and PUI(Phosphorus Use Index)≥1.100 were considered to be high nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient efficient materials. 20 materials with high nitrogen utilization efficiency were screened, which were ‘Zimai 28’, ‘Linmai 4’, ‘Taishan 27, ‘Liangxing 66, ‘Yannong 999, ‘Shannong 23, ‘Shannong 29, ‘Shannong 30, ‘Xinmai 296, ‘Yannong 21’, ‘Liangxing 517’, ‘AN01’, ‘Yannong 173’, ‘Yan 1212’, ‘Shiluan 02-1’, ‘Taikemai 34’, ‘Taishan 28’, ‘Taitianmai 118’, ‘Yan 181’ and ‘Shannong 25’. 15 materials with high phosphorus utilization efficiency were screened, which were ‘Zimai 28’, ‘Shannong 23’, ‘Shannong 29’, ‘Shannong 30’, ‘Shannong 20’, ‘Yutianmai119’, ‘Liangxing 517’, ‘Shannong 111’, ‘AN01’, ‘Yannong 19’, ‘Yan 1212’, ‘Taikemai 34’, ‘Liangxing 99’, ‘Shannong 25’ and ‘Yutianmai 118’. 9 materials with high nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency were screened, which were ‘Zimai 28’, ‘Shannong 23’, ‘Shannong 29’, ‘Shannong 30’, ‘Liangxing 517’, ‘AN01’, ‘Yan 1212’, ‘Taikemai 34’ and ‘Taitianmai 118’ respectively. Based on the calculation of nutrient utilization efficiency, the resource-efficient varieties (lines) and germplasm were selected to provide theoretical reference for the breeding of resource-efficient varieties of wheat.

  Effects of Potassium Application Rates on Lodging Rate, Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize Song Yingbo 2021, 37 (30):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0356 Abstract + ( 238 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 55 ) To provide a theoretical basis for maize lodging resistance cultivation and potassium fertilizer management in Heilongjiang Province, the effects on lodging rate, agronomic characters and yield of maize under different potassium application rates were studied. In this study, the author analyzed the agronomic characters and yield variance of maize under different potassium application amount, and studied the correlation between maize lodging rate and agronomic characters. The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height and panicle length between T2 treatment and other treatments. There were significant differences in ear position and bald tip length between T0 treatment and other treatments. In terms of yield characters, T2 treatment had the largest number of rows and grains per ear, the largest 100-grain weight, and the highest yield. The lodging rate of maize was significantly and positively correlated with the height of ears and the length of bald tip, but negatively correlated with the number of rows per ear, the number of grains per row, 100-grain weight and yield. With the increase of potassium application amount, the lodging rate of corn decreased first and then increased, and the lodging rate of corn in T2 treatment was the lowest.

  Effects of Cow Faeces Biochar Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Highland Barley Sun Quanping, Peng Jun, Suolang Cuomu, Qin Jiwei, Tan Haiyun, Yang Sutao, Pubu Guiji 2021, 37 (30):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0624 Abstract + ( 187 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 56 ) To investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizers with different proportions on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization of highland barley, we used cow dung as the research object, prepared biochar by pyrolysis and carbonization at high temperature (350-450℃) under oxygen limitation, and mixed biochar with a certain proportion of chemical fertilizer. The study shows that as the carbonization proceeds, the content of total nitrogen and organic matter (organic carbon) in cow dung are decreased, as well as the C/N ratio, but the content of total phosphorus and total potassium are increased. The application increase of cow dung biochar could raise the content of chlorophyll in the leaf of highland barley, promote the crop to utilize the nutrients in fertilizers, which is benefit to the growth of highland barley, the highest chlorophyll content in leaves is observed under the treatment of ash manure combined with chemical fertilizer. The grain yield of different treatments is significantly different. As the application amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced to 70% and the cow dung biochar is 30%, the grain yield is the highest of 4830.75 kg/hm2(13.88% higher than the control). The straw yield is the highest under the treatment of sheep manure of 22500 kg/hm2. Under the same nitrogen input condition, the nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing cow dung biochar.

  The Breeding and Law of Growth and Development of a New Fresh-eating Purple Sweet Potato Variety ‘Taizishu No.1’ Chen Lulu, Sun Zhe, Tian Changgeng, Liu Shanggang, Zheng Jianli, Zhao Fengling 2021, 37 (30):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0037 Abstract + ( 880 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1464KB )   ( 68 ) The study aims to clarify the growth and development law of purple potato varieties and accelerate the breeding and promotion of new varieties, thus provide references for the breeding of fresh-eating purple sweet potato varieties with high yield and good quality. In this experiment, a new purple sweet potato variety ‘Taizishu No.1’ was bred by open pollination with ‘Taizhong No.6’ as female parent, the law of its growth and development was also studied with the ‘Taizhong11’ as control. The results showed that the average fresh and dried potato yields of ‘Taizishu No.1’ was 36867.9 kg/hm 2 and 10911.5 kg/hm2 respectively, 28.4% and 27.7% higher than those of the control ‘Taizhong 11’ in the comparison experiment; its content of anthocyanin was 26.21 mg/100 g FW, and the total score of eating quality was 75.5 points, which was significantly better than that of ‘Taizhong 11’. The fresh weight of stem and leaf per plant, and the leaf area per plant of ‘TaizishuNo.1’ could reach the maximum value at 80 days after planting, which were significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’. The weight of fresh tuber per plant of ‘Taizishu No.1’ was significantly lower than that of ‘Taizhong 11’ at 40-80 days after planting, but it was significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’ after 80 days. The tuber storage root expansion rate reached the maximum value at 80-100 days after planting, which was significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’, and the commercial potato rate, especially the medium potato rate, was significantly higher than that of ‘Taizhong 11’. In summary, the ‘Taizishu No.1’ has high yield, good marketability and good eating quality, as well as the characteristics of vigorous growth of shoot in early and middle stage, and rapid expansion of tuber in late stage.

  Breeding and Pedigree of Edible Sweetpotato Varieties Xie Yizhi, Jia Zhaodong, Bian Xiaofeng, Ma Peiyong, Yu Yang, Guo Xiaoding 2021, 37 (30):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0783 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 57 ) In order to explore the breeding methods of edible sweetpotato varieties and speed up its breeding programs, the main characters and pedigree of 22 edible sweetpotato varieties bred in 2001—2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the average fresh root yield of edible sweetpotato was 32689.0 kg/hm2. The average dry matter content was 28.1%. Among the 12 varieties of red-fleshed sweetpotato, the average carotene content was 4.77 mg/100g fresh root. The average anthocyanin content of the other 10 varieties of purple-fleshed sweetpotato was 24.49 mg/100g fresh root. The pedigree analysis showed that the genetic resources of red-fleshed sweetpotato varieties were mainly from American varieties, mostly with family lineage of ‘Nancy Hall’. The genetic resources of purple-fleshed sweetpotato varieties were mainly from Japanese varieties. Meanwhile, germplasm innovation and application of intermediate materials also played an important role in the breeding of purple-fleshed sweetpotato varieties. External resources and innovative germplasm are both indispensable parent resources for edible sweetpotato breeding. Directional hybridization is the main method for breeding good edible sweetpotato varieties.

  The Adaptability Evaluation of Sugar Beet Varieties Based on Grey Relational Analysis and Principal Component Analysis Su Xinxin, Xiao Yang, Hu Xiaohang, Ma Yahuai, Li Yanli 2021, 37 (30):  39-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0269 Abstract + ( 558 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 60 ) The aim is to screen out the most suitable sugar beet variety with high production quality and resistance to root rot in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. In 2020, the test was carried out at the test base of Hulan Campus of Heilongjiang University, with 21 introduced KWS series and 1 BTS2730 sugar beet (KWS1197 as control) as the test materials, 4 indexes of root yield, sugar content, sugar yield and root rot were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and grey relation analysis (GRA). The sorts of the sugar beet varieties obtained by the two methods were roughly the same. The contribution rate of the first primary component (root yield) was 69.704%. The contribution rate of the second primary component (sugar content) was 26.283%, and the accumulated contribution rate was 95.987%, which could fully reflect the production quality of sugar beet. 6 varieties suitable for local planting selected by comprehensive evaluation value were better than the control: KWS0023 (0.8231)>KWS0015(0.7685)> KWS6661(0.7511)> KWS9921(0.7103)> KWS0860(0.7097) >BTS2730(0.7065) >CK(0.6823). The comprehensive evaluation value of other varieties was lower than the control. In conclusion, the principal component analysis and gray relational analysis could analyze sugar beet varieties more comprehensively, and the results obtained are reliable.

  The Status and Development Trend of Horticultural Facilities in Jiangsu Province Zhang Yao, Cao Kai, Bao Encai, Dai Weiwei, Wu Yiwen, Xia Liru, Wu Delin, Meng Rui, Gong Weiming 2021, 37 (30):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0822 Abstract + ( 515 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1451KB )   ( 91 ) Horticultural facilities are an essential component of the modern agricultural industry and play an important role in the rapid development of agriculture and rural revitalization strategies. This article focuses on the current situation and development trend of horticultural facilities in Jiangsu Province through the methods of literature research and data analysis. The development and supporting equipment of the three types of horticultural facilities in Jiangsu Province (plastic greenhouses, multi-span greenhouses and solar greenhouses), and four major planting modes (facility agriculture mode, sightseeing agriculture mode, soilless cultivation mode, precision agriculture mode) are discussed. Meanwhile the issues that may exist in horticulture facilities are analyzed, and a high integration strategy of agronomy-facilities-agricultural machinery is proposed. The four major trends (product market trend, industry upgrade trend, modern development trend and intelligent production trend) will lead the future development of modern agriculture. The results provide reference for the efficient development of modern facility horticulture and horticultural facility industry in Jiangsu Province.

  Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Species and Inoculating Period on Mycorrhizal Tissue Culture Plantlets of Paeonia suffruticosa Zeng Duanxiang, Yuan Tao, Wang Lianying 2021, 37 (30):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0628 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 87 ) To explore the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the application of Paeonia suffruticosa tissue culture and solve the bottleneck problems such as difficult rooting of in vitro plants and low transplantation survival rate etc, we cultivated high-quality mycorrhizal plantlets of P. suffruticosa based on different P. suffruticosa cultivars and hybrids, and selected the best combination of dominant species of AMF, inoculation type and inoculation period. The results showed that: the frequency and intensity of colonization of mycorrhiza inoculated with AMF were the highest among all the treatments after the root length was ≥2.0 cm in vitro. The length and number of mycorrhiza were 49.29% and 46.99% higher than that of the control (without inocultating AMF). As for ‘Z1-10-3’, inocultating the mixture spore of Glomus geosporum+Glomus mosseae (Gg+Gm) had the highest frequency (93.12%) and intensity of colonization (31.23), extremely and significantly higher than that of Gg and Gm (P=0.01); and for ‘Z1-WM’, the mixture spore of (Gg+Gm) had the highest frequency (95.96%) and intensity of colonization (33.33), followed by Gg, then Gm; for ‘Wulongpengsheng’, inocultating Gg had the highest frequency (85.76%) and intensity of colonization (25.80). The inoculation of AMF in vitro could increase the survival rate of transplantation for vitroplants by 45.88 percentage points compared with that of the control. Therefore, with the inoculation of AMF, the mycorrhization of vitroplants of P. suffruticosa could be realized, it could increase the transplanting survival rate and promote the growth of mycorrhizal tissue culture plantlets of P. suffruticosa effectively.

  Characteristics of Amino Sugar Accumulation in Long-term Continuous Cropping Soil of Cotton in Xinjiang Oasis Wang Qian, Li Ziyu, Liu Jianguo 2021, 37 (30):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0827 Abstract + ( 253 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 34 ) To investigate soil amino sugar content and composition change in long-term cotton continuous cropping field, and evaluate the effects of cotton continuous cropping and straw returning on the microbial community of soil organic matter (SOM) transformation and accumulation, the long-term cotton continuous cropping field experiment was conducted combined with modern gas chromatography to determine the contents of three kinds of amino monosaccharides (glucosamine, muramic acid and galactosamine) in different soil layers of cotton field for different years of continuous cropping (9, 14, 19, 24 and 29 years). The results showed that the contents of total amino sugar, glucosamine and galactosamine in cotton field soil gradually increased with the increasing of cotton cropping years, while muramic acid content decreased first and then increased. The transformation and accumulation of glucosamine had obvious advantages, which accounted for 70.4%-71.1% of the total amino sugar. In 0-30 cm soil layer, the contents of total amino sugar and three kinds of amino monosaccharides decreased with the increasing soil depth. The GluN/MurA value in cotton continuous cropping field increased with the increase of continuous cropping years, and had a great effect on 0-20 cm soil. Long-term cotton continuous cropping and straw returning could promote the accumulation of soil total amino sugar and three kinds of amino monosaccharides. Fungi gradually play a dominant role in the transformation process of SOM, and the soil of cotton continuous cropping field changes to the environment with fungi as the dominant population.

  Effects of Fertilization Site Regulation on Potassium Content of Tobacco Planting Soil and Flue-cured Tobacco Li Dongxue, Wang Yiliu, Huan Weiwei, Feng Wenqiang, Wang Huoyan, Chen Xiaoqin, Lu Dianjun 2021, 37 (30):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0839 Abstract + ( 198 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 29 ) As a crucial index to evaluate the quality of tobacco, how to improve the potassium content of tobacco is the main purpose of this study. 4 experimental areas were selected in Miyi, Renhe, Hekou and Neidong of Sichuan Province, and 4 fertilization modes (CK no potassium application, T1 conventional circulating application, T2 bottom application and T3 circulating + hole application) were adopted to study the effect of fertilization sites on the potassium content of tobacco planting soil and flue-cured tobacco. The results show that compared with conventional circulating fertilization, the circulating + hole application increases the leaf potassium uptake by 31%, 7% and 25% and the flue-cured tobacco yield by 22%, 9% and 18% in Miyi, Renhe and Hekou, respectively. In Neidong, the bottom application increases the leaf potassium uptake and flue-cured tobacco yield by 6% and 11%, respectively. The distribution characteristics of potassium in soil are determined by different fertilization modes. Conventional circulating application distributes potassium fertilizer mainly at the top of the root zone of tobacco, while the bottom application reaches the deeper zone. Only the circulating + hole application could make most of the roots be surrounded by potassium fertilizer, indicating that this fertilization mode could effectively improve the potassium supply capacity of soil and increase potassium content in tobacco. In conclusion, the fertilization effect of circulating + hole application is the optimum in Miyi, Renhe and Hekou, while that of the bottom application is the optimum in Neidong area.

  Brassica Napus L. in the Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil Fan Zhanhuang, Zhang Zhenqian 2021, 37 (30):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0860 Abstract + ( 385 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 51 ) Soil cadmium pollution is serious in southern China, and has a great deal of adverse effects on agriculture development and safety of agricultural products. Phytoremediation is a promising way to restore cadmium contaminated farmland, but suitable phytoremediation plants are insufficient. In this study, an economic crop of Brassica napus, which is widely planted in the middle and lower reaches the Yangtze River, is taken as raw material to study the effects of excessive cadmium content on Brassica napus growth and the quality of rapeseed oil. Four different cadmium concentrations of 0, 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg are adopted in pot cultivation. The results show that excessive cadmium content could have adverse effects on the growth of Brassica napus, but the cadmium content in rapeseed oil is far lower than that in the international standard, indicating that the rapeseed oil produced on cadmium pollution soil would not affect its consumption value. At the same time, Brassica napus used as remediation plant could increase the income of local farmers and the supply of vegetable oil in China, to alleviate the increasing shortage of edible oil supply. Therefore, Brassica napus is an ideal remediation plant for cadmium contaminated soil.

  Last Frost Index of Dehydrated Green Pepper in Hetao Irrigation District Bao Jiajing, Kong Deyin 2021, 37 (30):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0797 Abstract + ( 248 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1370KB )   ( 59 ) To develop the meteorological service for last frost on dehydrated green pepper, the authors choose dehydrated green pepper variety ‘Qiemen’ as material, simulated the natural frost cooling process by using the MSX-2F artificial frost box system, and detected the frostbite and death statistics by measuring leaf temperature with the thermocouple probe. Combined with the changes of photosynthesis, the authors preliminarily established the meteorological index of last frost of dehydrated green pepper. The results showed that: (1) the minimum temperature for dehydrated green pepper to be frozen to death was ≤-4℃; (2) the freezing point of dehydrated green pepper was -2.7 to -3.2℃, the super cooling point was -3.4 to -4.8℃; (3) the dehydrated green pepper with relatively high seedling age had a stronger cold-resistance; (4) the land surface temperature index of light frost and heavy frost for dehydrated green pepper seedlings was -3.5℃ and -5.0℃, respectively.

  Screening, Identification and Characteristic Analysis of Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Zhao Longmei, Chen Lin, Du Dongxiao, Dong Huixin, Li Wang, Li Yuanxiao, He Wanling, Cao Pinghua 2021, 37 (30):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0855 Abstract + ( 449 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1480KB )   ( 46 ) To screen cellulase-producing bacteria and provide a material basis for the development of new feed additives, in this study, soil samples from corn fields were used to screen cellulase-producing bacteria by congo red plate method, and the characteristics of cellulase produced by it were analyzed. Through the test, the cellulase-producing strain was screened and identified as Bacillus megaterium by morphological and molecular biological methods. The enzymatic characteristics of cellulase produced by Bacillus megaterium XT2 was analyzed and the optimal reaction condition was found to be 50℃ and pH 6.0, and the cellulase showed certain thermal stability, K+ could activate the cellulase activity, and Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ had an inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. When the strain grew to 20 h, the cellulase activity reached the highest (0.774 U/mL). The successful isolation of cellulase-producing Bacillus could provide a strain material for the development of new feed resources and new feed additives.

  Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Anti-Aspergillus flavus in Peanuts: A Review Chai Pengpei, Han Suoyi, Cui Mengjie, Guo Junjia, Huang Bingyan, Dong Wenzhao, Zhang Xinyou 2021, 37 (30):  89-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0831 Abstract + ( 247 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 41 ) Peanut is one of the most susceptible crops to Aspergillus spp. To elaborate the physiological and biochemical mechanism of resistance to Aspergillus spp. in peanut, many compounds which could inhibit the growth of mycelia and the formation of conidia have been isolated from peanut seeds. This study reviews the A. flavus-resistant substances and the changes of enzyme activity in peanut seeds after A. flavus infection. At present, the A. flavus-resistant substances found in peanut seeds can be divided into polyphenols and antibacterial proteins in terms of composition. And studies have pointed out that phenylpropane metabolic pathways and reactive oxygen pathways may participate in the process of peanut resistance to A. flavus infection, colonization and afltoxin production. In recent years, with the development of multi-omics technology, more substances with anti-Aspergillus flavus activity could be discovered and verified to explore more A. flavus-resistant peanut germplasm resources and high- quality genetic resources.

  Co-toxicity of Rotenone and Three Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus Persicae Sulzer Mao Xiaohong, Chen Peng, Cao Changdai, Bai Tingting, Zhang Xiuxia, Zhang Ansheng 2021, 37 (30):  98-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0824 Abstract + ( 251 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 32 ) In order to screen out the synergistic tank mixtures that have a synergistic effect on the control of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer, the leaf dip method was used to determine the co-toxicity of rotenone with clothianidin, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam. The tank mixtures with better effect were screened through the co-toxicity coefficient, and then the field efficacy test on Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer was carried out. The results showed that 12 groups of tank mixtures had a synergistic effect on Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and 6 groups of tank mixtures had a synergistic effect on Myzus persicae Sulzer. Among them, 5 groups of tank mixtures have synergistic effects on both Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer. When rotenone and clothianidin were proportioned according to the active ingredients of 3:20, 14:25 and 13:25, and rotenone and thiamethoxam were proportioned according to the active ingredients of 63:10 and 133:1, all combinations had synergistic effects on Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer. Field efficacy test results showed that the control effects of the tank mixtures of 6% rotenone microemulsion with 20% clothianidin suspension on Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer were 70%, 90%, 92%, 88% at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment respectively. The control effects of the tank mixtures of 6% rotenone microemulsion with 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules on Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer reached 74%, 86%, 91%, and 90% at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment respectively. The quick-acting effect was better than the control effect of 6% rotenone microemulsion, and the lasting effect was better than the control effect of chemical pesticides. Rotenone and 3 kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides have a significant synergistic effect in tank mixtures, and the study could provide a theoretical basis for the field pesticide reduction control of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Myzus persicae Sulzer.

  Gliotoxin Waste Mycelium: Antibacterial Activity and Its Application Han Lixia, Wei Shengke, Feng Wenjuan 2021, 37 (30):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0383 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 28 ) The aims are to study the inhibitory activity of gliotoxin waste mycelium on five kinds of soil-borne pathogens, and to look for a comprehensive utilization method of gliotoxin waste mycelium. Colletotrichum capsici, Rhizoctinia solani, Valsa mali, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusariym oxyusporum were taken as test bacteria in this research. The inhibitory activity of gliotoxin waste mycelium was researched by using hyphae growth rate methods. The effects of 10% waste mycelium medium, 10% soybean meal medium, no soybean meal and waste mycelium medium on trichoderma spores and gliotoxin content were also studied. Trichoderma spores were considered as index to ensure the optimum adding amount of gliotoxin waste mycelium. Gliotoxin waste mycelium had certain bacteriostatic effect on the five soil-borne pathogens. The mycelial growth of four soil-borne pathogens was totally suppressed when the gliotoxin waste mycelium was 40 mg/mL. The best fermentation effect of Trichoderma spp. was obtained when the dosage of gliotoxin waste mycelium was 30%, the dry weight spores of Trichoderma could reach 2.2 billion/g. In general, the gliotoxin waste mycelium has a good inhibiting effect on the growth of soil-borne pathogens, and could be used as a nitrogen source to cultivate Trichoderma.

  Analytical Methods for the Determination of Avermectins Residues in Food and Environmental Samples: A Review Xiong Wei, Tao Xiaoqiu, Zhang Haiyan 2021, 37 (30):  111-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0705 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 30 ) Avermectins is a kind of frequently used pesticide. The most widely used detection technique for the determination of avermectins residues in food and environmental samples is liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Based on this, multi-residue analytical methods with selective sample treatment methodologies in different samples have been developed. This review focuses not only on these common multi-residue methods but also on specific single-residue methods for the analysis of avermectin residues in food and environmental samples. This study summarizes analytical methods in the last decade for the determination of avermectins residues in food and environmental samples, including the applications of avermectin and its occurrence state in food and environmental samples, the sample preparation methods (including extraction and clean methods), analytical methods (including HPLC, ELISA and LC-MS/MS) as well as its quantitation mode and methods to reduce matrix interference. Finally, the limitations of multi-residue methods, the future perspectives and the trends for avermectins residues analysis in food and environmental samples are reviewed. The study will be helpful for future research in the field of determination of avermectins residues in tobacco.

  Optimization of Extraction Process of Se-enriched Jerusalem artichoke Polysaccharides and Its Antioxidant Activity Xu Dandan, Xu Yaqin, Juan Xing, Zhou Shoubiao, Wang Changbao, Hang Hua 2021, 37 (30):  121-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0842 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1708KB )   ( 24 ) To study the extraction processes of rich selenium inulin polysaccharide extraction and its vitro antioxidant activities, this study used sodium selenite as the selenium source, add sodium selenite to potting soil for selenium-enriched culture of Jerusalem artichoke. Based on the single factor experiment, the response surface methodology was applied to optimize the factors affecting the extraction of selenium-enriched Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharide (ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, liquid-to-solid ratio). Then, the scavenging ability of Se-enriched and non-Se-enriched Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharide were explored to the hydroxyl radical,1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine(DPPH) and superoxide anion. The results showed that the Jerusalem artichoke could positively absorb selenium and convert it to organic selenium. The optimal extraction condition was: ultrasonic time of 60 min, ultrasonic power of 450 W and liquid-to-solid ratio of 25:1 (mL/g), which could attain the highest extraction rate of Se-inulin (13.52%). Selenium-enriched Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharide (Se-inulin) and ordinary inulin (inulin) showed a good dose-effect relationship on hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical and superoxide radical scavenging activity, and the maximum clearance rate could reach 80.34%, 89.19% and 88.54%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of Se-inulin was better than that of inulin. In conclusion, this study could provide a theoretical basis for the future development of Se-enriched Jerusalem artichoke products.

  The Correlation Between Characteristic Spoilage Gas and Freshness of Clean Eggs During Storage Hu Yunfeng, Chen Yanan, Zhang Liping, Chen Junran 2021, 37 (30):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0437 Abstract + ( 130 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1150KB )   ( 20 ) To study the correlation between the characteristic spoilage gas H2S produced by clean eggs during storage and the freshness of clean eggs, the conventional quality indicators of eggs and the concentration of H2S gas in the egg chamber were measured. And linear regression analysis was performed on the value of each index and H2S concentration. The experimental results show that with the increase of storage time, the weight of clean eggs, the Huff unit, and the yolk coefficient all have a downward trend, while the diameter of the air chamber and pH have an upward trend. The concentration of H2S gas gradually increases with the extension of storage time. The linear regression analysis of the characteristic spoilage gas H2S concentration and each quality index shows that the H2S concentration value has a significant correlation with the egg quality index. The regression equation of the Huff unit is y=-0.197x+16.484, and the coefficient of determination is R2=0.9782. Therefore, it is feasible to use the characteristic spoilage gas H2S concentration produced by clean eggs to characterize the freshness of eggs.

  Application of Internet of Things and PLC Technology in Fish Vegetable Symbiosis System Zheng Guangzhi, Zhang Shan, Guo Haitao, Shi Wenfeng, Lu Qisheng, Wang Wei 2021, 37 (30):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0239 Abstract + ( 329 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1433KB )   ( 105 ) As the core of industry 4.0, Internet of Things technology has become a hot word around the world. As a large agricultural country, in agricultural production, China needs to introduce new technologies to construct a production mode with less consumption, pollution avoidance, low cost and mass production in limited resources. This paper introduces IOT technology combined with Siemens S7-1500 controller, node-red and other Internet of Things tools, connecting sensors and PC station to form a set of PLC controlled fish vegetable symbiosis system. TIA portal serves as the programming configuration software to configure and test the sensor and controlled object, to design the electrical system, to assemble the electrical cabinet of the external control system, and to realize the automatic control of the fish vegetable symbiosis system. The design changes the traditional high-density farming mode, and could act as another type of integrated farming mode imitating nature. It holds the characteristics of low energy consumption, high yield, high profit, good product and no pollution.

  The Fish Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Zhenjiang Hechang Section of the Yangtze River Wang Zhaogen, Cao Guo, Pan Jie, Tian Jiali, Wang Yuan, Liu Kai 2021, 37 (30):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0554 Abstract + ( 194 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 34 ) To study the fish community structure and their correlation with environmental factors in Zhenjiang Hechang section of the Yangtze River, the fishery-annual survey was conducted in November of 2016 to October of 2017. The Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to study the correlation between fish community and environmental factors in this section. A total of 79 species were collected, which belongs to 57 genera, 17 families and 9 orders. The Cypriniformes had the maximum ratio. The results show that orthophosphate, water temperature and water depth have significant influence on the composition of fish community (P<0.05). Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Carassius auratus have the biggest correlation with the concentration of orthophosphate, Elopichthys bambusa and Hemiculter bleekeri have the biggest correlation with the water depth, Culter alburnus and Mylopharyngodon piceus have the biggest correlation with the water temperature. The tide is also a key factor affecting the composition of fish community, which is generally manifested as a large number of fish species and quantity in the spring tide period, but the difference is not significant. The research could supplement the basic data of fish and provide a scientific basis for the assessment and protection of fishery resources in the Yangtze River basin.

  The Difference Between Urban and Rural Residents’ Information Resource Availability and Its Influencing Factors Wang Jieqiong, Li Jin, Zhang Huaibo 2021, 37 (30):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0843 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1189KB )   ( 33 ) As the primary factor of agricultural production, information resource is also an important field of urban-rural integration development. It is of theoretical value and practical significance to understand the availability of urban and rural information resources. Based on the survey data of 3296 urban and rural residents in 31 provinces and autonomous regions (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), this paper makes an empirical analysis on the availability of urban and rural information resources and its influencing factors in China. The results show that there is a big difference in the availability of information resources between urban and rural residents in China, and the largest difference index is in the western region. The availability of information resources is significantly affected by gender, education level, family income level, network access and signal intensity. Therefore, we should combine the current development needs of different regions and the characteristics of different residents to accelerate the integration of urban and rural information resources by establishing information resource access channels and formulating targeted information resource application and promotion measures.

  Discussion on the Green Development of Agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Huang Guoqin 2021, 37 (30):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0023 Abstract + ( 377 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 54 ) The development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is one of the five regional coordinated development strategies being implemented in China, with the main theme and orientation of “Ecological Priority and Green Development” and “Well-Coordinated Environmental Conservation and Avoiding Excessive Development”. The agriculture development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt plays a strategic role in China’s agriculture and the whole economic development strategy. To promote the green development of agriculture has become an important content and a powerful means in the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and is an urgent task facing the whole country. At present, agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is facing many challenges, such as resource waste, ecological damage, environmental pollution, frequent disasters and degradation of agricultural ecosystem. In order to realize the green development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the following countermeasures should be taken in view of the above problems: (1) to make full use of cultivated land and cover it with plants all year round; (2) to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and expand the cultivation of biological land; (3) to strengthen green prevention and control and implement ecological disaster reduction; (4) to develop circular agriculture and reuse waste; (5) to implement the “nine good” supporting system, namely coordinating good fields, good systems, good seeds, good laws, good things, good environment, good products, good policies and good talents, and realize a comprehensive green development of agriculture with high-quality and sustainability in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.