Effects of Sowing Rate and Fertilization Rate on Yield Formation and Mechanical Harvest Quality of Spring Soybean in South China

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0178

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology of soybean under mechanized operation in south China, wide field experiments were conducted to exploring the effects of sowing rate and fertilization rate on the agronomic characters, yield, yield components and mechanical harvest quality of spring soybean with ‘Xiangchundou V8’ as the material. The results showed that: (1) the plant height, bottom pod height and lodging rate of soybean rose with the increase of sowing and fertilization, while the seedling rate and plant rate decreased with the increase of sowing; (2) the number of plants per unit area rose with the increase of sowing rate, but the number of effective pods per plant was on the contrary; while the number of seeds per pod increased with the increase of fertilization rate; result of comparing by pairs indicated that the highest yield of 2834.91 kg/hm ² could be obtained by treatment S₂F₂ (sowing rate of 75 kg/hm² + compound fertilizer application rate of 90 kg/hm²); (3) no significant effect of sowing rate or fertilization rate on the mechanical harvest loss rate was observed, and there was no interaction between them, however, the total loss rate was between 5.39% and 6.21%. The correlation analysis showed that the sowing rate mainly affected the impurity rate by the number of plants per unit area, the plant rate, plant height, and lodging rate, and affected the seed damage rate by the number of plants per unit area and the plant rate; while the fertilization rate mainly affected the damage seed rate by the plant height, bottom pod height and lodging rate. It could be seen that the effect of sowing rate on the quality of mechanical harvest, especially the impurity rate and damage rate of mechanical harvest, was more extensive than that of fertilization rate. Considering the factors of soybean yield, mechanical harvest quality etc., the highest yield of 2834.91 kg/hm² (mechanical harvest yield of 2731.88 kg/hm²) could be obtained by sowing 75 kg/hm² + compound fertilizer 90 kg/hm², moreover, it could effectively reduce the impurity rate and damage rate of mechanical harvest to 6.82% and 11.38%.

Key words: spring soybean, south China, mechanical harvest, yield, mechanical harvest quality

CLC Number:

S1/S3

Tang Lizhong, Xie Yizhi, Sun Xiaocheng, Ouyang Guochun, Lei Gannong, Li Xiaohong, Zhu Wangchong. Effects of Sowing Rate and Fertilization Rate on Yield Formation and Mechanical Harvest Quality of Spring Soybean in South China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(8): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 5

References 32

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处理	钼肥拌种量/ (g/100 kg大豆)	播种量/ (kg/hm²)	施复混肥量/ (kg/hm²)
S₁F₁	80.00	60.00	75.00
S₁F₂	80.00	60.00	90.00
S₁F₃	80.00	60.00	105.00
S₂F₁	80.00	75.00	75.00
S₂F₂	80.00	75.00	90.00
S₂F₃	80.00	75.00	105.00
S₃F₁	80.00	90.00	75.00
S₃F₂	80.00	90.00	90.00
S₃F₃	80.00	90.00	105.00

处理	钼肥拌种量/ (g/100 kg大豆)	播种量/ (kg/hm²)	施复混肥量/ (kg/hm²)
S₁F₁	80.00	60.00	75.00
S₁F₂	80.00	60.00	90.00
S₁F₃	80.00	60.00	105.00
S₂F₁	80.00	75.00	75.00
S₂F₂	80.00	75.00	90.00
S₂F₃	80.00	75.00	105.00
S₃F₁	80.00	90.00	75.00
S₃F₂	80.00	90.00	90.00
S₃F₃	80.00	90.00	105.00

处理	出苗率/%	成株率/%	株高/cm	底荚高度/cm	倒伏率/%	倒伏类型
S₁F₁	81.40±0.52	93.69±1.30	60.20±0.99c	14.12±0.09c	0.00e	—
S₁F₂	81.24±0.42	94.84±2.16	62.40±0.90bc	14.56±0.20c	0.00e	—
S₁F₃	81.11±0.49	97.36±2.13	63.83±1.17bc	14.89±0.02bc	0.00e	—
S₂F₁	77.16±0.49	92.29±1.89	63.17±1.42bc	14.73±0.18bc	0.00e	—
S₂F₂	77.10±0.77	92.19±2.18	65.67±0.42b	15.09±0.17b	1.67d	茎倒
S₂F₃	77.10±0.74	91.92±3.79	68.00±1.67ab	15.46±0.13ab	7.83c	茎倒
S₃F₁	75.60±0.55	88.09±1.70	68.47±1.62ab	15.43±0.16ab	6.61c	茎倒
S₃F₂	76.81±0.82	83.74±1.34	70.80±0.37a	16.16±0.11a	16.60b	茎倒
S₃F₃	76.43±0.72	83.78±1.90	72.17±1.68a	16.56±0.20a	23.15a	茎倒
P值
播种量	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	—
施肥量	0.67	0.69	0.00	0.04	0.03	—
播种量×施肥量	0.53	0.20	0.04	0.02	0.00	—

处理	出苗率/%	成株率/%	株高/cm	底荚高度/cm	倒伏率/%	倒伏类型
S₁F₁	81.40±0.52	93.69±1.30	60.20±0.99c	14.12±0.09c	0.00e	—
S₁F₂	81.24±0.42	94.84±2.16	62.40±0.90bc	14.56±0.20c	0.00e	—
S₁F₃	81.11±0.49	97.36±2.13	63.83±1.17bc	14.89±0.02bc	0.00e	—
S₂F₁	77.16±0.49	92.29±1.89	63.17±1.42bc	14.73±0.18bc	0.00e	—
S₂F₂	77.10±0.77	92.19±2.18	65.67±0.42b	15.09±0.17b	1.67d	茎倒
S₂F₃	77.10±0.74	91.92±3.79	68.00±1.67ab	15.46±0.13ab	7.83c	茎倒
S₃F₁	75.60±0.55	88.09±1.70	68.47±1.62ab	15.43±0.16ab	6.61c	茎倒
S₃F₂	76.81±0.82	83.74±1.34	70.80±0.37a	16.16±0.11a	16.60b	茎倒
S₃F₃	76.43±0.72	83.78±1.90	72.17±1.68a	16.56±0.20a	23.15a	茎倒
P值
播种量	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	—
施肥量	0.67	0.69	0.00	0.04	0.03	—
播种量×施肥量	0.53	0.20	0.04	0.02	0.00	—

处理	单位面积株数/(万株/hm²)	单株有效荚果数/(个/株)	每荚粒数/(粒/荚)	百粒重/g	人工收获实测产量/(kg/hm²)
S₁F₁	25.42±0.49	28.30±0.14a	2.09±0.01	18.43±0.06	2342.14±46.64e
S₁F₂	25.68±0.48	28.43±0.12a	2.16±0.03	18.41±0.03	2459.01±24.26cd
S₁F₃	26.32±0.45	27.35±0.26ab	2.26±0.02	18.29±0.02	2544.30±47.26bc
S₂F₁	29.67±0.43	26.48±0.42b	2.07±0.03	18.31±0.05	2495.79±47.98c
S₂F₂	29.61±0.43	27.98±0.04a	2.20±0.00	18.30±0.00	2834.91±60.74a
S₂F₃	29.53±1.02	25.44±0.15b	2.32±0.02	18.32±0.01	2610.91±14.93b
S₃F₁	33.30±0.40	22.97±0.11c	2.07±0.01	18.29±0.03	2427.78±40.55d
S₃F₂	32.16±0.78	21.71±0.19cd	2.18±0.04	18.31±0.07	2305.06±21.03e
S₃F₃	32.02±0.78	20.95±0.31d	2.29±0.04	18.31±0.05	2237.81±41.13f
P值
播种量	0.00	0.00	0.36	0.09	0.00
施肥量	0.69	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.00
播种量×施肥量	0.20	0.00	0.43	0.16	0.00